Jeopardy
PCR
Gel
Electrophoresis
Misc.
PV92 and
more
pGLO and
more
More
Misc
100
100
100
100
100
100
200
200
200
200
200
200
300
300
300
300
300
300
400
400
400
400
400
400
500
500
500
500
500
500
PCR is possible due to the discovery and use
of thermostable polymerases. Why was this
crucial to the PCR process?
The steps of PCR run at
much higher temperatures
than occur in most living
organisms
Why do forensic labs analyze non-coding
DNA and not coding areas of a chromosome?
Non coding areas can
accumulate mutations
that do not negatively
affect organisms?
What are dNTPs?
Free nucleotides,
sources of A, T, G, and
C in a PCR reaction
Hybridization of a primer with its complement
on the template…. Give term
Annealing
Replication of DNA many times… give term
Extension
Toward which pole (positive or negative) does
DNA migrate when electric current is run
through the gel? Why?
Positive, because DNA is
negatively charged
Give three uses for DNA analysis
Forensic fingerprinting
Paternity testing
Evolutionary relationships
Give one drawback of RLFP analysis
Requires a large sample
Lt. Russ is investigating a murder scene. The felon was scratched by his
victim & some of his skin cells were found under the victim’s fingernails.
A DNA test was performed. Which of the suspects is the murderer?
Suspect 2
Mr. & Mrs. Jones just gave birth to fraternal twins- Bob and Jane.
Unfortunately, the nurse has confused the Jones twins with 4 other babies.
The doctors took samples of DNA from each of the babies and Mr. &
Mrs. Jones. Which of the 6 children are Mr. & Mrs. Jones twins?
What is 1 & 5?
What would happen during
electrophoresis if the gel
concentration was too low for a
specific sample.
Samples would run off or
not separate because
the holes in the matrix
would be too large.
How many amplified loci are used to establish
a unique DNA fingerprint for suspects in a
crime ?
13
What would happen if you ran the gel
electrophoresis without first using SDS on the
protein when separating proteins?
The proteins would have
different charges and not
separate by size correctly?
The number of amplified pieces of DNA
equals _______ after 7 cycles of PCR
128
What is isoelectric focusing?
Separation of proteins by
creating stable pH gradients in
a gel and using the variabilty of
protein charges as separation
criteria?
What cellular structures must be broken down
to release the DNA from a cell?
The cell and nuclear membranes
must be broken to release the
template DNA
into the solution.
What kind of controls are run in the PV92
experiment? Why are they important? Could
others be used?
The controls that are run in this experiment are the homozygous +/+,
homozygous –/–, and heterozygous +/– known samples. These bands
have known base-pair lengths and can be used in comparison to
unknown student samples.
This shows a class run of PV92, What
is in lane 2, 3, and 4
Standards, two homozygous
and one heterozygous
This shows a class run of PV92, how
many students are heterozygous?
6 - #’s
6,10,13,18,19,&20
What is the difference between an allele and a
locus?
Locus is location on chromosome
Allele is the version of gene present
on that locus
What kinds of changes to chromosomes would cause
a "polymorphism" to appear in the DNA profiles of
different individuals from a population?
A mutation or rearrangement could
cause a primer site to be lost,
causing a band to disappear.
An insertion or a deletion between
primer sites would cause the band to
migrate a shorter or longer distance,
respectively.
In the pGLO lab the source of the
fluorescent gene of interest is?
Jellyfish
What compound is required in an
agar plate to make the
transformed bacteria glow?
Arabinose
Why does the plasmid have to be
inserted into a cell to make the glow?
It is the protein that
glows and only cells
with the “glow”
instructions can pass
them on to ribosomes
that make proteins!
Inserting a new gene into an organism is
called________.
Transformation
Why don’t bacteria destroy their own DNA
with their restriction enzymes?
Methylation!!
In the pGLO lab what 3 methods or
materials are used to increase
transformation efficiency?
Heat Shock
Cold Shock
Salts
To visualize DNA fragments after
electrophoresis you must then….
Stain the gel with an
appropriate stain like
Fast Blue
Why do you run molecular weight standards in
one lane during electrophoresis?
To determine the relative sizes of
the DNA sample
How many more days of school are
left ?
……
It depends on who is
counting and when you
play this Jeopardy game
……..