APPLIED GENETICS

APPLIED GENETICS
◦ USING OUR UNDERSTANDING OF GENES TO
CREATE CHANGES IN THE DNA OF ORGANISMS
◦ THERE ARE THREE AREAS OF UNDERSTANDING
 MUTATIONS
 GENETIC DISORDERS
 GENETIC ENGINEERING
APPLIED GENETICS

MUTATIONS
◦ DEFINITION -- ??
◦ TWO KINDS
 CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
 GENE MUTATIONS
◦ CAUSES
 MUTAGENS (X-RAYS, CHEMICALS, ETC)
 UNKNOWN FACTORS (MISTAKES IN
REPLICATION)
APPLIED GENETICS

CHROMOSOMAL MUTATIONS
◦ DEFINITION -- ??
APPLIED GENETICS

GENE MUTATION
◦ DEFINTION -- ??
APPLIED GENETICS

GENETIC
DISORDERS
◦ DEFINITION -- ??
◦ LEARNING ABOUT
GENETIC DISORDERS
GIVES US IDEAS ON
HOW TO TREAT THEM
◦ PEDIGREE CHARTS
APPLIED GENETICS

GENETIC DISORDERS IN HUMANS
◦
◦
◦
◦
◦
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
SICKLE-CELL DISEASE
PHENYLKETONURIA (PKU)
HUNTINGTON DISEASE
DOWN’S SYNDROME
APPLIED GENETICS

DETECTING DISORDERS
APPLIED GENETICS

GENETIC ENGINEERING
◦ DEFINITION -- ??
◦ FORMS
 BREEDING*
 GENE ISOLATION
 GENE RECOMBINATION
 GENE INSERTION
 CLONING
APPLIED GENETICS

SELECTIVE BREEDING
APPLIED GENETICS

GENE ISOLATION
◦ WE HAVE TO BE ABLE TO CUT OUT/SEPARATE
GENES…SO WE NEED “DNA SCISSORS”
RESTRICTION ENZYMES
APPLIED GENETICS

DNA INSERTION & RECOMBINANT DNA
APPLIED GENETICS

CLONING
◦ DEFINTION -- ??
◦ JUST BECAUSE ORGANISMS
ARE GENETICALLY
IDENTICAL, DOES THAT
MEAN THEY WILL LOOK
EXACTLY ALIKE?
APPLIED GENETICS


WITH ALL THESE
DIFFERENT WAYS OF
CHANGING DNA, AND
CREATING NEW
FORMS OF GENES
(TRAITS) HOW COME
WE DON’T SEE AN
ENDLESS NUMBER OF
DIFFERENT TYPES OF
ORGANISMS?
EVOLUTION IS NEXT!!
APPLIED GENETICS