Figure 35.0 The effect of submersion in water on leaf development in Cabomba
Figure 35.0x The effect of wind on plant form in fir trees
Figure 35.2 Morphology of a flowering plant: an overview
Figure 35.1 A comparison of monocots and dicots
Figure 35.3 Radish root hairs
Figure 35.4 Modified shoots: Stolons, strawberry (top left); rhizomes, iris (top right); tubers, potato
(bottom left); bulb, onion (bottom right)
Figure 35.5 Simple versus compound leaves
Figure 35.6 Modified leaves: Tendrils, pea plant (top left); spines, cacti (top right); succulent (bottom left);
brightly-colored leaves, poinsettia (bottom right)
Figure 35.6x Lithops, a stone-mimicking plant from South African deserts
Figure 35.7 The three tissue systems
Figure 35.8 Water-conducting cells of xylem
Figure 35.9 Food-conducting cells of the phloem
Figure 35.10 Review of general plant cell structure
Figure 35.11 The three major categories of plant cells
Figure 35.12 Locations of major meristems: an overview of plant growth
Figure 35.13 Morphology of a winter twig
Figure 36.18 Tapping phloem sap with the help of an aphid
Figure 35.14 Primary growth of a root
Figure 35.15 Organization of primary tissues in young roots
Figure 35.16 The formation of lateral roots
Figure 35.17 The terminal bud and primary growth of a shoot
Figure 35.18 Organization of primary tissues in young stems
Figure 35.19 Leaf anatomy
Figure 35.20 Production of secondary xylem and phloem by the vascular cambium
Figure 35.21 Secondary growth of a stem (Layer 1)
Figure 35.21 Secondary growth of a stem (Layer 2)
Figure 35.21 Secondary growth of a stem (Layer 3)
Figure 35.22 Anatomy of a three-year-old stem
Figure 35.22x Secondary growth of a stem
Figure 35.23 Anatomy of a tree trunk
Figure 35.24 A summary of primary and secondary growth in a woody stem
Figure 36.0 Eucalyptus trees
Figure 36.0x Trees
Figure 36.1 An overview of transport in whole plants (Layer 1)
Figure 36.1 An overview of transport in whole plants (Layer 2)
Figure 36.1 An overview of transport in whole plants (Layer 3)
Figure 36.1 An overview of transport in whole plants (Layer 4)
Figure 36.2 A chemiosmotic model of solute transport in plant cells
Figure 36.3 Water potential and water movement: a mechanical model
Figure 36.4 Water relations of plant cells
Figure 36.5 A watered tomato plant regains its turgor
Figure 36.6 Compartments of plant cells and tissues and routes for lateral transport
Figure 36.7 Lateral transport of minerals and water in roots
Figure 36.8 Mycorrhizae, symbiotic associations of fungi and roots
Figure 36.9 Guttation
Figure 36.12x Stomata on the underside of a leaf
Figure 35.19 Leaf anatomy
Figure 36.10 The generation of transpirational pull in a leaf
Figure 36.11 Ascent of water in a tree
Figure 36.12 An open (left) and closed (right) stoma of a spider plant (Chlorophytum colosum) leaf
Figure 36.13a The mechanism of stomatal opening and closing
Figure 36.13b The mechanism of stomatal opening and closing
Figure 36.13b The mechanism of stomatal opening and closing
Figure 36.14 A patch-clamp study of guard cell membranes
Figure 36.15 Structural adaptations of a xerophyte leaf
Figure 36.15x Structural adaptations of a xerophyte leaf
Figure 36.16 Loading of sucrose into phloem
Figure 36.17 Pressure flow in a sieve tube
Figure 36.18 Tapping phloem sap with the help of an aphid
Figure 35.25 The proportion of Arabidopsis genes in different functional categories
Figure 37.0 Hyacinth
Figure 37.1 The uptake of nutrients by a plant: an overview
Figure 37.2 Using hydroponic culture to identify essential nutrients
Table 37.1 Essential Nutrients in Plants
Figure 37.3 Magnesium deficiency in a tomato plant
Figure 37.4 Hydroponic farming
Figure 37.5 Soil horizons
Figure 37.6 The availability of soil water and minerals
Figure 37.7 Poor soil conservation has contributed to ecological disasters such as the Dust Bowl
Figure 37.8 Contour tillage
Figure 37.9 The role of soil bacteria in the nitrogen nutrition of plants (Layer 1)
Figure 37.9 The role of soil bacteria in the nitrogen nutrition of plants (Layer 2)
Figure 37.9 The role of soil bacteria in the nitrogen nutrition of plants (Layer 3)
Figure 37.10 Root nodules on legumes
Figure 37.10x Nodules
Figure 37.11 Development of a soybean root nodule
Figure 37.12 Crop rotation and “green manure”
Figure 37.13 Molecular biology of root nodule formation
Figure 37.14 Mycorrhizae
Figure 37.15a Parasitic plants: Cross section of dodder
Figure 37.15b Parasitic plants: Indian pipe
Figure 37.16 Carnivorous plants: Venus fly trap (left), pitcher plant (right)
Figure 37.16x Sundew with fruit fly
Figure 35.25x Arabidopsis thaliana
Figure 35.26 The plane and symmetry of cell division influence development of form
Figure 35.27 The preprophase band and the plane of cell division
Figure 35.28 The orientation of plant cell expansion
Figure 35.29 A hypothetical mechanism for how microtubules orient cellulose microfibrils
Figure 35.30 The fass mutant of Arabidopsis confirms the importance of cortical microtubules to plant growth
Figure 35.31 Establishment of axial polarity
Figure 35.32 Too much “volume” from a homeotic gene
Figure 35.33 Example of cellular differentiation
Figure 35.34 Phase change in the shoot system of Eucalyptus
Figure 35.35 Organ identity genes and pattern formation in flower development
Figure 35.36 The ABC hypothesis for the functioning of organ identity genes in flower development