Genetics Review
(Basic)
1. What is the molecule that carries
all the information about how a
living thing will look and function?
DNA
2. Where is DNA located in a
eukaryotic cell?
DNA is located in the nucleus
3. What are the factors that control an
individual’s characteristics and are
passed down from parent to offspring?
Genes
4. Where are genes located?
On DNA
5. Some genes come in more than one
form that can express different traits.
What are these different forms called?
Alleles
Spot Color
Gene
Yellow spot
allele
Red spot
allele
6. The principle which states that some alleles
are dominant and others are recessive.
Principle of Dominance
Kinked tails are dominant
over straight tails.
7. A specific characteristic of an
individual, like flower color.
Trait
8. The process in sexual reproduction in which
male and female reproductive cells join to
form a new cell.
Fertilization
9. The separation of alleles.
Segregation
White flower allele p
P Purple flower allele
10. Another name for sex cells.
Gametes
Sperm
Egg
11. The likelihood that a particular
event will occur.
Probability
12. The probability that a coin will
come up heads three times in a row.
½
x
½
x
½ = 1/8
?
13. Having two identical alleles for a
particular gene.
Homozygous
Tall allele T
T
Tall allele
14. The physical characteristics of an
organism.
Phenotype
15. Having two different alleles for a
particular gene.
Heterozygous
Tall allele T
t
Short allele
16. The genetic makeup of an
organism.
Genotype
TtppRrIIggYY
17. How many different gametes
can a Tt individual produce?
Two:
Tt
18. How many different gametes can a
RrGg individual produce?
Four:
R r Gg
18. How many different gametes can a
RrGg individual produce?
Four:
R r Gg
RG
18. How many different gametes can a
RrGg individual produce?
Four:
R r Gg
RG
Rg
18. How many different gametes can a
RrGg individual produce?
Four:
R r Gg
RG
Rg
rG
19. How many different gametes can a
IIrrYY individual produce?
One:
rY
IIIrrYY
20. What is the square below called?
A Punnett Square
x
P
Legend
F1
Round
seed
R
Wrinkled
seed
r
21. What does P and F1 stand for?
Parental
generation
x
P
Legend
F1
Filial
generation
(offspring)
Round
seed
R
Wrinkled
seed
r
22. What is the genotype of each parent?
?
r
F1
R
r
x
?
r
Legend
Round
seed
R
Wrinkled
seed
r
22. What is the genotype of each parent?
Heterozygous
Rr
r
F1
R
r
x
Homozygous
recessive
rr
r
Legend
Round
seed
R
Wrinkled
seed
r
23. What is the phenotype of each parent?
Round
seeds
Rr
r
F1
R
r
x
Wrinkled
seeds
rr
r
Legend
Round
seed
R
Wrinkled
seed
r
24. Complete the Punnett Square?
Rr
r
F1
R
r
Rr
rr
x
rr
r
Rr
rr
Legend
Round
seed
R
Wrinkled
seed
r
25. What percent of the F1 offspring are
homozygous recessive?
50 %
Rr
r
F1
R
r
Rr
rr
x
rr
r
Rr
rr
Legend
Round
seed
R
Wrinkled
seed
r
26. For this cross, what percent of F1 offspring
will be homozygous dominant?
0%
PP
P
p
F1
P
P
Pp
Pp
x
pp
p
Pp
Pp
Legend
Purple
flower
P
White
flower
p
27. A principle that states that genes for
different traits can segregate independently
during the formation of gametes.
Independent assortment
28. How many different gametes can the
three sets of chromosomes shown below
form when they assort independently ?
28. How many different gametes can the
three sets of chromosomes shown below
form when they assort independently ?
23 = Eight different gametes
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
29. Name the type of inheritance pattern
displayed by the examples shown below.
Codominance
Roan cow
Pinto (Paint)
Erminette
chicken
Spangled
chicken
30. Name the type of inheritance pattern shown below
Incomplete dominance
Parents
F1
F2
X
X
Hybrids
31. Name the type of inheritance pattern
displayed by the examples shown below.
Multiple alleles
P = pattern
p = no pattern
PM = Moon
PB = Box
32. Name the type of inheritance pattern
displayed by the examples shown below.
Polygenic Inheritance
Human eye
color and fruit
fly eye color
33. Besides genotype, what other factor
influences how a snowshoe hare’s phenotype
(coat color) changes over a period of one year?
The environment
34. Put the following phases of meiosis I in the
correct order of occurrence and then label them.
A
B
C
D
E
34. Put the following phases of meiosis I in the
correct order of occurrence and then label them.
Prophase I
D
Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Interphase II
B
A
E
C
35. Put the following phases of meiosis II in the
correct order of occurrence and then label them.
Prophase I
Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Interphase II
D
B
A
E
C
F
G
H
I
J
35. Put the following phases of meiosis II in the
correct order of occurrence and then label them.
Prophase I
Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Interphase II
D
B
A
E
C
F
G
H
I
J
35. Put the following phases of meiosis II in the
correct order of occurrence and then label them.
Prophase I
D
Metaphase I Anaphase I Telophase I Interphase II
B
J
F
Prophase II
Metaphase II
A
E
C
H
I
G
Anaphase II Telophase II Cytokinesis
36. Draw a diagram showing the
process of crossing over.
37. Draw two genes that are not linked.
Because the black and green genes
are on separate chromosomes, they
are not linked.
38. Draw two genes that are linked.
Because the purple and
white genes are on the
same chromosome,
they are linked.
Linked genes
39. Which gene pair is most likely to be
separated by a crossing over event and why?
Because genes A and C
are far apart from each
other, there is a high
probability that a crossing
over event will occur
between them.
A
Genes A and C
B
C
Because genes B and C are
very close to one another,
there is a low probability that
a crossing over event will
occur between them.
40. Who is this guy and what important
work did he do?
Gregor Mendel: He
discovered some basic
rules of heredity by
experimenting with
pea plants.