Muscles,
movement and
the skeleton
Start
The Skeletal
system is
A-Maze-ing
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End
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LEARNING OUTCOMES
Muscles, movement and the skeleton
Bones
•Bone is made from a protein called collagen and crystals of calcium phosphate
•The two types of bone are compact bone and spongy bone you must be able to
describe and explain these.
•Describe the structures that make up: the vertebral column, the skull and the
limbs.
•State and describe the functions of the skeleton.
•Define a joint and outline with examples the two types of joints i.e. movable
and immovable
•Describe the structure of the two types of movable (synovial) joints i.e. hinge
and ball and socket to include: cartilage, ligaments, synovial fluid and tendons.
•Give an example of a hinge joint (elbow) and a ball and socket joint (hip).
Bone is made
from a protein
called collagen
(soft) and
crystals of
calcium
phosphate
(hard)
And the two
types of
bone are…
Co
mp
act
bon
e
Spongy
bone
The
vertebral
column
The
skull
The arms
Legs
And the
functions of
the skeleton
are…
Support
Protection
Movement
Production of blood cells
Immovable
joints
Movable
joints
Hinge
Ball and
socket
Tendons
Ligaments
Cartilage
Synovial membrane and fluid
Muscles
Muscles
•Describe the structure and function of muscles.
•Differentiate between the two types of muscles i.e. smooth and
skeletal muscles.
•Give examples of smooth and skeletal muscles.
•Describe and explain muscle contraction and explain why muscles
need to work in antagonistic pairs.
•Give an example of an antagonistic pair of muscles.
•Describe and explain the long term benefits of exercise to include:
-Decrease in resting heart rate
-Increase in muscle size and strength
-Increase in muscle enzymes increasing the efficiency
-Strengthening of the ligaments and tendons
-Increased flexibility in joints
-Increased protection from heart attack
The
structure
of
muscles
Function of muscles.
Muscles contract to
perform various
functions in the body
from moving the
skeleton and pushing
food through the
digestive system to
pumping blood
around the body.
Smooth muscles
Smooth muscles contract
and relax involuntarily as
your body undergoes
natural processes like
digestions and
homeostasis.
Where You Can Find
Smooth Muscles
Walls of blood vessels
Walls of stomach
Ureters
Intestines
Iris of the eye
Gastrointestinal Tract
Respiratory Tract
Small arteries
Arterioles
Reproductive tracts (both genders)
Veins
Glomeruli of the Kidneys
Bladder
Uterus
Arrector pili hair muscles of the skin
Sphincter
Trachea
Bile duct
Smooth muscles
Skeletal
muscles
e.g.
biceps
triceps
Cardiac muscles never get tired because they
contain a high number of energy generating
organelles called mitochondria.
The mitochondria require glucose to activate
them into producing energy for the cell.
Antagonistic pairs of muscles enable the skeleton to
return to its original position after a muscle
contracts.
How do muscles contract?
Muscle cells can move closer to one
another and then they must be pulled
apart again.
What are the long term benefits of exercise?
Decrease in resting heart rate
Increase in muscle size and strength
Increase in muscle enzymes increasing the efficiency
Strengthening of the ligaments and tendons
Increased flexibility in joints
Increased protection from heart attack
Extra information
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C6u0u_59UDc – simple and basic
information on the muscular system.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jqy0i1KXUO4 – Cash course
muscles. This is difficult but amazing if you persevere.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RW46rQKWa-g – Crash course
skeletal system. Again complicated but awesome.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8d-RBe8JBVs – A simple video on the
skeletal system.
Bones
 Bone is made from a protein called collagen and crystals of
calcium phosphate
 The two types of bone are compact bone and spongy bone
you must be able to describe and explain these.
 Describe the structures that make up: the vertebral column,
the skull and the limbs.
 State and describe the functions of the skeleton.
 Define a joint and outline with examples the two types of
joints i.e. movable and immovable
 Describe the structure of the two types of movable (synovial)
joints i.e. hinge and ball and socket to include: cartilage,
ligaments, synovial fluid and tendons.
 Give an example of a hinge joint (elbow) and a ball and
socket joint (hip).
Bones
 Bone is made from a protein called collagen and crystals of
calcium phosphate
 The two types of bone are compact bone and spongy bone
you must be able to describe and explain these.
 Describe the structures that make up: the vertebral
column, the skull and the limbs.
 State and describe the functions of the skeleton.
 Define a joint and outline with examples the two types of
joints i.e. movable and immovable
 Describe the structure of the two types of movable
(synovial) joints i.e. hinge and ball and socket to include:
cartilage, ligaments, synovial fluid and tendons.
 Give an example of a hinge joint (elbow) and a ball and
socket joint (hip).
Bones
 Bone is made from a protein called collagen and crystals of
calcium phosphate
 The two types of bone are compact bone and spongy bone
you must be able to describe and explain these.
 Describe the structures that make up: the vertebral column,
the skull and the limbs.
 State and describe the functions of the skeleton.
 Define a joint and outline with examples the two types of
joints i.e. movable and immovable
 Describe the structure of the two types of movable
(synovial) joints i.e. hinge and ball and socket to include:
cartilage, ligaments, synovial fluid and tendons.
 Give an example of a hinge joint (elbow) and a ball and
socket joint (hip).
Bones
 Bone is made from a protein called collagen and crystals of
calcium phosphate
 The two types of bone are compact bone and spongy bone
you must be able to describe and explain these.
 Describe the structures that make up: the vertebral column,
the skull and the limbs.
 State and describe the functions of the skeleton.
 Define a joint and outline with examples the two types of
joints i.e. movable and immovable
 Describe the structure of the two types of movable
(synovial) joints i.e. hinge and ball and socket to include:
cartilage, ligaments, synovial fluid and tendons.
 Give an example of a hinge joint (elbow) and a ball and
socket joint (hip).
Muscles
•Describe the structure and function of muscles.
•Differentiate between the two types of muscles i.e. smooth and
skeletal muscles.
•Give examples of smooth and skeletal muscles.
•Describe and explain muscle contraction and explain why muscles
need to work in antagonistic pairs.
•Give an example of an antagonistic pair of muscles.
•Describe and explain the long term benefits of exercise to include:
-Decrease in resting heart rate
-Increase in muscle size and strength
-Increase in muscle enzymes increasing the efficiency
-Strengthening of the ligaments and tendons
-Increased flexibility in joints
-Increased protection from heart attack
Muscles
•Describe the structure and function of muscles.
•Differentiate between the two types of muscles i.e. smooth and
skeletal muscles.
•Give examples of smooth and skeletal muscles.
•Describe and explain muscle contraction and explain why muscles
need to work in antagonistic pairs.
•Give an example of an antagonistic pair of muscles.
•Describe and explain the long term benefits of exercise to include:
-Decrease in resting heart rate
-Increase in muscle size and strength
-Increase in muscle enzymes increasing the efficiency
-Strengthening of the ligaments and tendons
-Increased flexibility in joints
-Increased protection from heart attack
Muscles
•Describe the structure and function of muscles.
•Differentiate between the two types of muscles i.e. smooth and
skeletal muscles.
•Give examples of smooth and skeletal muscles.
•Describe and explain muscle contraction and explain why muscles
need to work in antagonistic pairs.
•Give an example of an antagonistic pair of muscles.
•Describe and explain the long term benefits of exercise to include:
-Decrease in resting heart rate
-Increase in muscle size and strength
-Increase in muscle enzymes increasing the efficiency
-Strengthening of the ligaments and tendons
-Increased flexibility in joints
-Increased protection from heart attack
Muscles
•Describe the structure and function of muscles.
•Differentiate between the two types of muscles i.e. smooth and
skeletal muscles.
•Give examples of smooth and skeletal muscles.
•Describe and explain muscle contraction and explain why muscles
need to work in antagonistic pairs.
•Give an example of an antagonistic pair of muscles.
•Describe and explain the long term benefits of exercise to include:
-Decrease in resting heart rate
-Increase in muscle size and strength
-Increase in muscle enzymes increasing the efficiency
-Strengthening of the ligaments and tendons
-Increased flexibility in joints
-Increased protection from heart attack