Figure 7.1
The Nature
of Waves
1
A Beautiful
Rainbow
2
When a Strontium salt is dissolved in
methanol (with a little water) and ignited,
it gives a brillant red flame
3
Fireworks in
Washington
D.C.
4
Electromagnetic radiation exhibits
wave properties and particulate properties
5
A change between two discrete energy
levels emits a photon of light
6
Niels
Bohr
7
Electronic
transitions in
the Bohr
model for the
Hydrogen
atom
8
(a)The probability
distribution for the
Hydrogen 1s orbital
in 3-D space
(b)The probability
of finding the
electron at varying
distances from the
nucleus
9
(a) Cross section of the Hydrogen 1s orbital
probability distribution
(b) The Radial Probability Distribution
10
Two representations
of the Hydrogen 1s,
2s, and 3s orbitals:
(a) The Electron
probability
distribution
(b) The surface that
contains 90% of the
total electron
probability (the size
of the orbital, by
definition)
11
Representation of the 2p Orbitals:
(a) An electron probability distribution
(b) Boundary surfaces of all three 2p orbitals
12
Cross section of the electron
probability distribution
for a 3p orbital
13
Comparison of the radial probability
distributions of the 2s and 2p orbitals
14
Representation of the 3d Orbitals
(a) Electron Density Plots of Selected 3d Orbitals
(b) The Boundary Surfaces of All of the 3d Orbitals
15
Representation of the 4f orbitals
in terms of their boundary surfaces
16
The angular momentum quantum
number (l) and the s, p, d, f notation
17
Quantum numbers for orbitals 1-4
18
Orbital energy levels for a Hydrogen atom
19
A picture of the spinning electron
20
Energy levels of orbitals for the first 3
principal quantum levels
21
Electron configurations in the
last occupied orbital for elements 1-18
22
Electron configurations for
Potassium through Krypton
23
The orbitals being filled for elements in
various parts of the periodic table
24
The Periodic Table
with partial electron configurations
25
The End
26
27
The values of First Ionization Energy
for the elements
28
Trends in Ionization Energies (kj/mol)
for the Representative Elements
29
Electron affinity values for selected atoms
that form stable ions
30
The Radius of an atom (r) is defined as half
the distance between nuclei in a diatomic
molecule of identical atoms
31
Atomic radii
(in picometers)
for selected
atoms
32
Properties of five alkali metals
33
First Ionization
Energies for
alkali metals
and noble gases
34
Ionization Energies (kJ/mole)
for elements in period 3
35
Electron affinities of the halogens
36
Dmitri I.
Mendeleev
37
Mendeleev's early Periodic Table,
published in 1872
38
Properties of Germanium
predicted by Mendeleev
39
Special names
for groups in
the Periodic
Table
40
Sodium metal
41
Potassium metal in a vial
42
Potassium
reacts
violently
with water
43
Calcium metal
44
Chromium may be used for plating
45
Dr. Glenn Seaborg
46
The End
47
48
Wave-Generating Apparatus
49
Standing
waves
caused by
vibrations
of a guitar
string
50
(a.) Diffraction Pattern
(b.) Constructive interference of waves
(c.) Destructive interference of waves
51
The Hydrogen
electron
visualized as a
standing wave
around the
nucleus
52
(a) The radial
probability
distribution for
an electron in a
3s orbital
(b) Radial
probability
distributions for
3s, 3p, and 3d
orbitals
53
Electrified Pickle
54
Pattern of heat loss from a house
55
The black mamba snake's venom
kills by blocking potassium channels
in nerve cells
56
Albert
Einstein
57
Hydration Energies for
Li+, Na+, and K+ Ions
58
Predicted properties of
Elements 113 and 114
59