1
AAP 2012 – University of Hawaii
Reactor Monitoring with
T2K Technology
G. Christodolou, J. Coleman, J. Tinsley, M. Murdoch, Touramanis, - Liverpool University
C. Metelko - RAL/STFC
MARS -H. Araujo, Y. Shitov - Imperial College London
G. Barr, M. Haigh, A. Vacheret, A. Weber - Oxford University
2
T2K Near Detector – ND280
3
T2K-ND280 tracker event
4
The ECAL
UK Designed and built T2K-ECal modules
Experience in MPPC testing and calibration (22 000 MPPCs)
Developed and tested T2K electronics
Energy and time calibration for the T2K neutrino oscillation
experiments
polystyrene with 1% doping with PPO and 0.03% POPOP
DsECal side view after MPPC assembly (photo T. Durkin)
5
Based or inspired by T2K detector technology
Based on cost-effective extruded plastic
scintillators & IBD detection techniques
Development
Leverage on T2K neutrino experiment technology
development with minimum modification to
detector design
Plastic scintillator
read out by Y-11
fibre
solid state photon
detector (MPPC)
MARSa system : Development of demonstrator as
complete integrated system using Li6 redesign
of electronics and scintillator
Use of extensive know-how from ND280
dedicated front-end
electronics
The Idea: Leverage £15M STFC project
Use T2K technology
for Reactor Monitoring
Replace Calorimeter Lead
sheet with Gd2O3 suspended
in a Polymer Layer
Exploit Many Man years of
development
Adapt Electronics
Replicate Readout system
Scintillator and mechanical
structure from the Ecal
Develop MC based on ND280
6
Reactor Monitoring with T2K technology
Preliminary Detector Design
7
Use Inverse Beta Decay
Signature:
Exploit topology as well as delayed
coincidence signature
Detector is highly granular
Robust & Preassembled,
Construction Underway
MC simulation looks very promising
Wait for Commissioning & Data..
8
Configuring T2K Electronics
• Adapt ND280 electronics & DAQ
to a prototype system.
• In Collaboration with RAL
• FPGA based back-end,
consisting of:
• Read-out Merger Module
• Cosmic Trigger Module
• Master Clock Module
• HV system in place
• Coincidence trigger between
scintillator planes
• Leverage T2K configuration and
trigger algorithms
9
Test bench System
Front-end Asics
• Charge to voltage
conversion
• Pipe lined readout
• 16 dual gained channels
• 4 Asics per TFB board
• Estimated 3000 channel on 48
TFB boards system for Reactor
monitor
• Space for expansion
• Eg ~22K channels running
in parallel
• Ready for Installation in
Detector Module
10
Overview of the system
Trip-t
Frontend
Board
Cosmic
Trigger
Module
Read-out
Merger
Module
Master
Clock
Module
TFB Integration Cycles
System is dead in the Reset periods
Incomplete Charge Collection at beginning and end of integration
cycle
Length up to ~40ns in total, split between beginning and end.
Affects calorimetry, but may be used for particle tagging.
Will want to maximize integration time and minimize reset time
Readout of Neutron event
The Situation as of Today
Prototyping of systems and
electronics components are
underway
Commission scaled down system with
cosmic rays, and characterize
neutron capture capacity
Then test and assemble full detector
based upon STFC T2K design.
RAL electronics ready and
working
14
Antonin Vacheret <Antonin.Vacheret@physics.ox.ac.uk>
The MARS project
Scintillator technology to detect neutrons
and antineutrinos
developed at Oxford and Imperial College under the MARS
project
IP is protected and already exploited for passive neutron
detection
Inspired from large scale neutrino
detectors
long experience in Multi-Ton highly segmented scintillator
detectors (MINOS & T2K)
Developing detectors for various
applications
passive counters (single and multiplicity counting)
spectroscopic and directional applications
antineutrinos (in collaboration with CNRS-Subatech)
15
16
Antonin Vacheret <Antonin.Vacheret@physics.ox.ac.uk>
MARS-n neutron portal demonstrator
Demonstrated cost-effective
replacement of 3He counters for
fission neutron detection
6 months project completed last summer
validated performance at NPL
in-house development of electronic front-end
>70% neutron detection efficiency
first neutron detector read out with
solid state photosensors
Meet industry sensitivity standards
εn
(cps/ng 252Cf @ 2m)
2.91
εγ
GARRn
< 10E-6
1.01
17
Antonin Vacheret <Antonin.Vacheret@physics.ox.ac.uk>
MARS-a : a novel approach to measure low energy
antineutrinos using segmented plastic scintillators
based on requirements to develop compact and
low maintenance antineutrino detector
X read out
towards use in reactor monitoring for non-proliferation applications
5 cm
robust to background by design
5 cm
clear neutron signature
use Lithium-6 compound
Y read out
finely segmented volume
localise interaction accurately
target detector is also active veto
flexible and scalable design
compact system with MPPC read out
1.5 m footprint including shielding (1Ton fiducial mass)
10k cubes, 2k channels
e+
n
18
Antonin Vacheret <Antonin.Vacheret@physics.ox.ac.uk>
Neutron detection
X channel
Y channel
High capture efficiency on
Lithium-6
signal detection efficiency > 70%
comparable to Helium-3
Very high discrimination
between neutron and γ
AmBe
simple charge cut and pulse properties
γ efficiency : εγ < 10-4
neutron signal
Use neutron signal to trigger read out
EM signal
19
Antonin Vacheret <Antonin.Vacheret@physics.ox.ac.uk>
Positron imaging
High light yield to charged particles
Large E deposit with additional activity
from annihilation γs
signal within 15 cm around high hit
~ 60 PE
Ethres 150 keV
Eres 0.13
topology cut to increase IBD event selection purity
γ
e+
γ
γ
e+
Antonin Vacheret <Antonin.Vacheret@physics.ox.ac.uk>
Electronics development
MARS antineutrino will use digitiser electronics :
80MS/s to capture signal pulse properties
dead-timeless
no central trigger
DEIMOS front-end board design and testing ongoing
32 channels based on neutron system
largely inspired from T2K front-end board
Digitiser board prototype being assembled
first test this fall
Study of digital pulse processing
20
Antonin Vacheret <Antonin.Vacheret@physics.ox.ac.uk>
MARS summary
important milestone reached with the MARS neutron project
validated neutron technology
extensive know how developed
MARS antineutrino system under development
long period of evaluation and optimisation close to completion
digitiser electronics prototype designed and first test this fall
Seeking Innovation fundings
synergies with neutron systems
competitive technology for Science and applications
short baseline experiment at reactor
21
22
Summary
Technology developed and used for T2K is being applied to
antineutrino detection
plastic scintillator approach is safe, cost-effective and allow for good optimisation of
performance.
very promising near future route towards compact system
short timescale deployment of a prototype system based on Calorimeter module design
MARS system under development
Primarily, based upon a highly successful STFC funded project
and leverages many man hours of Intellectual resources.
Based upon an earth-quake resistant design