Intelligent Solutions
More Than Fast, Reliable Fire Detection:
Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)
Enables Fire Prevention and Fire Monitoring
Speaker: Greg McElyea Americas Business Manager
Intelligent Solutions
Outline...
 Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology
 Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat detection
 Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS technology
 Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital information
until the fire is extinguished
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Intelligent Solutions
AP Sensing – Linear Heat Series
Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)
Fiber-optic Sensor Cable
for Temperature Sensing
Linear Heat Series
DTS Instrument
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Typical DTS System Setup
2 std. MM telecom fibers
Stainless steel tube
Stainless steel wires
Metal Sensor Cable
PC
FP
UPS
Measurement Data
Alarm/Error
FRNC Outer Sheath
approx. 20m
Heat Detection Zone(s)
Sensor Cable
Reset
Power Supply
FRNC Outer Sheath
Metal-free Sensor Cable
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PC = Personal Computer with DTS Configurator
FP = Fire Panel or SCADA System
UPS = Uninterruptable Power Supply or Battery Package
DTS = Distributed Temperature Sensing instrument
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20m Cable Surplus
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Polyamide Fibers
2 std. MM telecom fibers
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DTS Measurement Technology
 Zone concept enables different sections with different alarm criteria (sensitivity)
 Up to 256 zones per sensor cable - configurable…
 3 different alarm types, 5 different criteria per zone - programmable…
Temperature [°C]
Alarm
70
70
60
60
50
50
40
40
30
30
20
20
20
10
10
10
0
0
0
120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142
Distance [m]
Exeeding a maximum temperature
> 60 ° C
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Alarm
Alarm
60
50
> 15 ° C
40
30
avg. Temp
120 122 124 126 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142
Distance [m]
Exeeding the average temperature
by > 15 ° C
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> 13 ° C
40s
0
Time [s]
Exeeding a temperature increase
within a certiain time > r13°C / 40s
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DTS Measurement Principle
Measurement of temperature through the evaluation of the backscattered laser
light components, stokes and anti-stokes
/nm
1160 1140
1120
1100
1080
1060
1040
1020
1000
980
1.5
70°C
Raman Stokes
backscatter/W
1.0
-40°C
0.5
Raman Anti-Stokes
0.0
260
270
280
/THz
290
300
Temperature-dependent
lattice vibration
310
DTS Instrument
Laser
Detector
Detector
Pulse
Generator
Location = 2 * tR * vL
Mirrors and
Filters
Control, Acquisition &
Analysis Circuitry
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DTS - System Characteristics
 Huge local coverage of up to 2x 8km length or 96,000m² area without blind spots
 Fast measurement time of 10s and short spatial resolution of 1m
 Quick and reliable alarming, virtually false-alarm free through 3 different,
freely programmable alarm criteria and confirmation cycles in up to 256 zones
 Exact localization and size of any thermal event along the sensor cable
 Simple, lightweight, flexible, robust standard sensor cable, easy to install
 Passive sensor cable, usable indoor and outdoor, absolutely immune to
humidity, dirt, dust, smoke, corrosion, electromagnetic fields or radiation
 The sensor has extremely long lifetime and is virtually maintenance-free
 Low laser power of only 17mW, class 1M laser is inherently eye-safe
 Fire certifications from VdS (A1 / A2 ~ 30 ft NFPA spacing), FM under way
 Certified for explosive environments ATEX zone 0, gas and dust
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Intelligent Solutions
Typical Applications
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Power Plants
Parking Garages
Storage Facilities
Road- & Rail Tunnels
Supply Tunnels
Conveyor Belts
Cable Trays
False ceilings / floors / voids
Production Halls
Warehouses
Cold Stores
Floating Roof Tanks
Transformator / Generators
etc.
DTS is especially well suited for Fire Prevention, Fire Detection and Fire Monitoring
over long distances or large areas
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Intelligent Solutions
Outline...
 Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology
 Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat
detection
 Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS technology
 Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital information
until the fire is extinguished
08.04.2015
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Intelligent Solutions
Classification of “Linear Heat Detection” Systems
Fire Detectors
Point
Detectors
Linear
detectors
Smoke
Heat
Heat
Smoke
Opacimeter
Smoke assp. Systems
D T S - Systems
Pressure & Resistance
Multi-Point Systems
Flame Detection
Maximum & Differential
Optical Detectors
Ionisation Detectors
LHD-Systems
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Intelligent Solutions
System Comparison
Digital Cable
Analog Cable
Pressurized Tube
Multipoint System
DTS System
1500 m
300m
100m
2500m
2 x 8000m
(AP Sensing)
no
no
no
8m /fixed (smaller
spacing leads to
reduced monitoring
range.)
1 to 3m adjustable
-
●
●
●
●
limited
limited
limited
limited
Number of sensor data to detect incident
(maximum)
1
1
1
312
2 x 8000 (continuous)
Number of alarm criteria to detect
incident
1
2
2
2
5
Inherently Safe Operation in Hazardous
Area (Ex –Zone)
-
-
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-
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Immune to Electromagnetic
Interferences
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Individually Configurable Sensor Cables
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-
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Measurement Range (maximum)
Local Discretization
VdS approved
Alarm Temperature Range
Precise Localisation of Fire
Infinite
Calculating Fire Size and Fire Spreading
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Fire Monitoring Capabilities *
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* Fire Monitoring Capabilities: System is capable to withstand temperatures up to 1000°C to provide crucial information about the development of the fire.
Maintenance Costs
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medium
medium
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high
medium
low
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Intelligent Solutions
Outline...
 Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology
 Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat detection
 Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS
technology
 Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital information
until the fire is extinguished
08.04.2015
AP Sensing Confidential
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Intelligent Solutions
Fire Prevention
A fiber-optic linear temperature sensor can help to detect a potential fire in its early development phase
 Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of potential fire sources
 Complete local coverage of long structures (like tunnels) or large areas (like big buildings) without “blind spots”
 Pin-point alarm with exact temperature and location information enables quick intervention before the outbreak of
a potential fire
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Intelligent Solutions
Fire Prevention – Coal Conveyor Belts
Example 1: Coal Conveyor Belts in Power Plants
 Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of potentially hot running rollers and smoldering fires
 Complete local coverage of long conveyor belts or a chain of multiple conveyor belts without “blind spots”
 Early alarming with exact location information enables an early exchange of hot rollers or the extinction of
smouldering fires caused e.g. by self-ignition of lignite dust
 Alarm temperature has to be set relative to different day and night environmental temperatures
 No way to detect fires with DTS on a fast moving belt (10…20ft/sec) !
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Intelligent Solutions
Fire Prevention – Cable Trays and Power Cables
Example 2: Cable Trays, Cable Tunnels, Power Cables...
 Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of cable trays, cable
tunnels and power cables heating up under high current load
 Complete local coverage of long cable trays or cable tunnels
without “blind spots”
 Early alarming with exact location information enabling the
decrease of electrical current, the exchange of bad joint and
splices, etc.
1m – 1,5m
 Local coverage can be increased by meandering the sensor cable
 The temperature difference and the temperature delay between
conductor and outside of the cable has to be considered
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Intelligent Solutions
Fire Prevention – Pipe and Tube Leakage
Example 3: Leakage of Inflammable Liquids or Gases from Pipes and Tubes
 Real time, continuous temperature monitoring of potentially leaking tubes and pipes, e.g. hydraulic oil
 Complete local coverage of long pipes and tubes without “blind spots”
 Early alarming with exact location information enables an early sealing of the leak and removal of a potential fire
load
In case of a gas pipe leakage a cold spot
occurs (Joule Thomson effect).
Leakages in a liquid pipe are typically
recognized by a hot spot.
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Intelligent Solutions
3D Visualization with AP Sensing’s Asset viewer
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Intelligent Solutions
Outline...
 Introduction to fiber-optic distributed temperature sensing (DTS) technology
 Technology comparison from point detectors to fiber-optic linear heat detection
 Optimizing fire prevention in special hazardous facilities using DTS technology
 Assessing fire monitoring in disastrous scenarios, providing vital
information until the fire is extinguished
08.04.2015
AP Sensing Confidential
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Intelligent Solutions
Tunnel Fire Tests in Sweden, Norway, Switzerland
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Intelligent Solutions
Fire Monitoring - What does DTS Provide?
T
Radiation Heat
Point of Fire
Convection Heat
Smoke
DTS provides:
A
 Precise localization of the fire (2-4m)
 Dynamic fire/smoke size assessment
X
 Dynamic fire/smoke spreading assessment
T
A
Low wind speed
B
High wind speed
DTS Real Time Data
Tunnel Wind
B
Smoke Spreading
DTS reliably detects and localizes radiation and convection heat
even under unfavorable conditions like wind
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X
DTS Real Time Data
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Fire Monitoring - Hidden Diesel Fire (HRR = 7.4MW)
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Fire Monitoring - Hidden Diesel Fire (HRR = 7.4MW)
OK to enter
area
“HotFoam”
suppression
Fire Monitoring
6 minutes
Alarm after 50
seconds
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Fire Monitoring – Functional Integrity of the
Sensor Cable During the Fire Is Key!
Functional integrity tested and approved by IEC- standards
 Temperature
750°C
 Duration
2 hours
 Result
passed
 The functional integrity over an extended period of time allows fire monitoring
and provides crucial information about fire / smoke development.
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DTS - System Advantages
 Huge local coverage without blind spots
 Exact localization and size of an event
 Quick and reliable alarming, safe against false-alarms
 Low maintenance cost, simple installation, long lifetime
 Passive sensor cable, insensitive to harsh environments, immune to interference
 No laser safety problems
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Reference Examples
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References from the Mine to the Grid …
Mining
Storage
Power Plant
Power
Transmission
 Mining: Underground conveyer belt monitoring in ATEX Zone 0 (M1) / CH4
conditions
 Storage: smoldering fire detection and hot spot localization
 Power Plant: conveyer belts; storage facilities
 Power Transmission: Power Cable Monitoring & Fire Detection (buried, ducts,
overhead lines)
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Intelligent Solutions
Germany: RAG – Conveyor Belt
in Coal Mine
 5 Conveyers in coal mine with up to 8km of sensing cable on one conveyor
 Zone 0 operation for instrument and sensor cable
– Certification from Dekra/Exam
 Approval from German Government to run system
even under CH4 alarm and fiber break conditions
for the time until sensor cable is repaired.
 Further conveyers to be installed in the coming years
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Intelligent Solutions
Spain: La Medusa –
Dockside Coal Storage
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Coal storage monitoring for smoldering fires
Capacity of 100.000 tons of coal
Fire on November 14th 2007, extinguishing took 4 days
3 sensor cable rings are embedded in the wall
Dual ended configuration
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Intelligent Solutions
Italy: ENEL – Brindisi –
Coal Conveyor Belts in Power Plant
 Smoldering fire detection underneath
fully covered coal conveyor belts
in coal power plant
 Total of 12.5km of sensor cable
 Fully integrated into SCADA system
 2 controllers with 4 channels each
 Loop configuration to continue monitoring
even in case of cable break.
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Thank you for your attention!
Greg McElyea
Americas Business Manager
Office: 214-550-0677
Cell: 214-471-3460
Email: greg.mcelyea@apsensing.com
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