Storage Devices
Angela Baskerville
Jessie Huynh
Michael Lucado
James Onley III
What is a storage device?
Any device on which data can be stored.
Common Types of Storage Devices
FDD
HDD
Solid State vs. Magnetic
Optical Drives
CD/DVD/RW Blu-Ray
Removable Storage
Tape Drive
Solid State
External CD-RW
Hot Swappable &non hot swappable
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
•Invented by Reynold Johnson in 1956
•Used in the IBM 305 RAMAC accounting computer
•Actuator saves data to the platters magnetically
•Most HDDs are connected to the motherboard using a 1 meter SATAdevice cable
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t6wTZhsffEE
Hard Disk Drive (HDD)
Solid State Drive (SSD)
•SSD technology has been around
since 1978
•Flash based SSD introduced by MSystems in 1995
•Uses non-volatile flash memory to
store data
•Volatile SSDs that use DRAM are also
available
HDD vs. SSD
HDD vs. SSD
•HDD–Cheaper
–Higher capacity (2-3 TB)
–Faster write time
•SSD–Faster data access
–Less noise
–Less power consumption
–More reliable
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eOo
W8v9UyTA
HDD vs. SSD
•HDDs have slower data access times due to the data
being fragmented on the hard disk
•Defragmenting data increases data access time
•Data saved on SSDs does not need to be read
sequentially so there is no need for defragmenting
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iE__2gBxL9Y
Floppy Disks
• Term “floppy disk” first used to refer to the 8” medium used
with mini-computers and mainframes
• Then was used to refer to the PC floppy diskette which used
a 5.25” platter – also called the minifloppy diskette.
• Now refers to the 3 1/2" floppy diskette – aka microfloppy
diskette. This is the version that is used in computers today
if any floppy technology is used at all.
Floppy Disks (cont.)
Floppy Drive Size Tracks/Side
5 1/4" DD
40
5 1/4" HD
80
3 1/2" DD
80
3 1/2" HD
80
3 1/2"
ED
80
DD = Double Density
HD = High Density
ED = Extended Density
Sectors/Track
9
15
9
18
36
Capacity
360KB
1.2MB
720KB
1.44MB
2.88MB
Floppy Disks (cont.)
• Floppy disk: magnetic storage
medium that uses a thin,
flexible plastic diskette
enclosed in a hard plastic
casing
• Before the advent of thumb
drives, enabled information to
be transported easily from
one computer to another.
• Too small for today’s
information needs, was
replaced by CD-ROMs and
DVD-ROMs, then by solid
state storage.
Floppy Diskette Drives (FDD)
• Floppy diskette drive (FDD) is used to read and write
information from floppy disks.
• Pro: Allow portability of data
• Con: Limited storage capacity.
• Even though the physical form factor is similar to hard
drives, the technology is incompatible and floppy disks can
only store one or two mbps of data
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cxhU0wXsKEM
Optical Drives
• Enables a computer to read different types of media discs
• Some drive can only read discs, but recent drives are both
reader and recorders
How Does an Optical Drive Work?
• Three layers: the plastic disc part on the bottom, a reflective
surface in the middle, and the top part of the disc, in which
protects the data itself.
Continued
• A laser focuses a beam of
light on the reflective layer
on the optical disc
• The beam focused on pits
is scattered, whereas on
lands it is reflected back
with higher intensity and is
stored in photo diode array
• Burning a CD, it involves
use of a mold to stamp
press the data in pits on
the reflective layer in the
disc
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ESpL
4a08kVE&feature=related
CD-Media
• CD-ROM
• CD-R was introduced in the mid-1990s
• Early CD-R drives requires that the entire disc be burned in
one session, which are called single-session drives
• Modern CD-R allow users to go back and burn additional
data until it is full, which are called multisession drives
• Once the data is burned onto the CD-R disc, the data cannot
be erased or altered
• have two speeds that matter: record speed & read speed
o Ex: 8x24x
• Two types of CD-R disc:
o 74-minute disc that holds approximately 650 MB
o 80-minute disc that holds approximately 700 MB
CD-Media Continued
• CD-RW drives not only allows users to burn data onto a
disc, but to burn over existing data
o Three values:
 first shows the CD-R write speed
 second shows the CD-RW rewrite speed
 third shows the read speed
 example: 8x4x32x
DVD-Media
• Develop by a large consortium of electronics and
entertainment films during the early 1990s and released in
1995
• Lowest capacity- 4.37 GB of data or two hours of video
• Highest capacity-16 GB of data or more than eight hours of
video
• Uses smaller pits than CD-Media and packs them more
densely
• Comes in single-sided (SS) and double-sided (DS) format
• Comes in single-layer (SL) and dual-layer (DL) format
DVD Media Continued
• DVD-ROM
• Standard recordable DVD-Media
o DVD-R
o DVD-RW
o DVD+R
o DVD+RW
Blu-ray Media
• Developed by Sony
• Disc Capacity:
o Single-layer- 25 GB
o Dual-layer- 50 GB
• Types:
o Standard disc- 12cm
o Mini disc- 8cm
• BD-ROM
• BD-R
• BD-RE
Installing Optical Drives
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EPRxY1-Zz58
Tape Backup Devices
• Hard drives will fail - data
must be backed up onto
another storage medium
• Older type of removable
storage
• Can store large amounts
of data
• Can be installed internally
or externally
• Use tape magnetic tape
medium for storage
instead of disks
• Slow - used more for
archival storage
Backup Tape Formats
Quarter Inch Cartridge (QIC)
Digital Linear Tape (DLT)
Eight Millimeter (Exabyte)
Digital Data Storage (DDS)
Linear Tape-Open (LTO)
External Disk Drives
USB-Attached
• Commonly manufactured
in their own chassis
• Have detachable
connectivity for
USB/FireWire
• If power requirement high
enough, may also have
power connection - if not,
USB connection provides
necessary power
• Speed is limited to approx.
50-60 MBps
eSATA-Attached
• eSATA = external SATA
• Extends the SATA bus to
external devices at full
speed
• Connectors are different
from internal SATA to avoid
confusion
Flash Memory
Who?
Dr. Fujio Masuoka
When?
1984
Why it's important?
Flash Memory is usually
better than traditional memory
because it uses less power
and is more reliable
Flash Memory cont.
Flash memory refers to a particular type of
EEPROM, or Electronically Erasable
Programmable Read Only Memory. It is a
memory chip that maintains stored information
without requiring a power source. It is often used
in portable electronics, like MP3 players, and in
removable storage devices.
Flash Memory Applications
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Computer BIOS
Memory Sticks
PCMCIA cards
MP3 Players
Modems
Video Game cards
Cell Phones
Flash memory ≠ RAM
SD Memory
Who?
SanDisk, Matsushita, and
Toshiba
When?
1999
Why it's important?
SD technology is used by
more than 400 brands across
dozens of product categories
and in more than 8,000
models.
SD Memory
• MultiMediaCard Upgrade
• Card's electrical contacts are recessed beneath the surface
of the card
• SDSC, SDHC, SDXC
• All SD card families have the same physical shape
• Basic cards transfer data up to six times the data rate of the
standard CD-ROM speed (7.2 Mb/s vs 1.2 Mb/s).
• Form factor has changed from SD, Mini SD, Micro SD
• SD cards typically have transfer rates in the range of 80–
160 Mb/s
• Other Flash Cards include: Compact Flash, Smart Media,
Memory Stick, xD Picture Cards
ThumbDrive or DiskOnKey
Who?
Trek Technology and IBM
When?
2000
Why it's important?
Data stored on flash drives is
impervious to scratches and
dust
Various USB Designs
What's USB used for?
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Personal Data Transport
Secure storage of data, application and software files
System administration
Application carriers
Booting operating systems
Brand and product promotion
Backup
Flash drives also store data densely compared to many
removable media
Disadvantages
• Unsupervised visitors or employees to store
and smuggle out confidential data with little
chance of detection.
• Vulnerable to keyboard loggers or packet
sniffers.
• Deliberately or unwittingly to transfer malware
and autorun worms onto a network.
Hot-Swappable Devices
A hot swappable device is one which can be attached or
detached from a computer or other electronic device without
having to reboot the computer.
The most common hot swappable devices are universal serial
bus (USB) devices. Many hot swappable USB devices have all
the necessary software built in to the device, so simply plugging
it in to the computer allows the computer to detect the USB
device and start working with it. Firewire is another common
interface used with hot swappable devices. eSATA also.
Sources
• http://www.opticsetc.com/how-does-an-optical-drivework.html
• http://www.notebookreview.com/default.asp?newsID=4683
• http://www.ncsu.edu/it/essentials/your_computer/
hardware_specs/optical_drive.html
• CompTIA A+ Certification by Mike Meyers
• http://www.geeknewscentral.com/2010/04/26/tribute-tofloppy-disk-as-sony-discontinues-production/
• http://www.hardwaresecrets.com/article/Anatomy-of-aFloppy-Disk-Drive/180/2
• http://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/backing-tapedrives,593.html
• http://www.pctechguide.com/31HardDisk_SolidStateDrives.h
tm
• http://compreviews.about.com/od/storage/a/SSD.htm
1) What is the physical component where data are stored in
a
HDD?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Read/Write head
Platter
Sector
Cluster
Answer: B. Platter
A conventional HDD contains discs called platters, on
which data are stored magnetically through read/write
heads by way of a magnetic coating.
2) High-density 3 ½” floppy diskettes have a
formatted
capacity of:
A. 360KB
B. 720KB
C. 1.44MB
D. 2.88MB
Answer: C. 1.44MB
3) Which of the following best describes the concept
of
hot-swappable devices?
A. Power does not need turned off before the device
is
inserted or removed.
B. The device can be removed with power applied after
the
device is properly stopped in the operating system.
C. Care must be taken when swapping the device
because
it can be hot to the touch.
D. The device can be swapped while still hot,
immediately
after powering down the system.
Answer: A
Hot-swappable devices can be removed while the power
to the system is still on. Warm-swappable devices need
to be stopped in he operating system before being
removed. The term has nothing to do with the heat level
of the device.
4) What kind of media is most commonly used when
large
amounts of data need to be archived on a regular
basis?
A. Tape
B. Optical Drive
C. External hard drive
D. Floppy diskette
Answer: A
Although inefficient as an interactive medium, sequential
tape-based storage continues to be developed in
increasing capacities. Tape remains the best choice for
frequently backing up large amounts of data for
redundancy and archival purposes.
5) What is the maximum cable length of an internal
SATA
device?
A. 2 meters
B. 12 inches
C. 18 inches
D. 1 meter
Answer: D
The maximum cable length of an internal SATA device is
1 meter.
6) To install a floppy drive as the A: drive, what must you do?
A. Attach the mini connector
B. Plug it into the end connector of the ribbon cable
C. Plug it into the middle connector on the ribbon cable
D. Attach the Molex connector
Answer: B
Plug the floppy drive into the end connector of the ribbon
cable.
7)
in
if
If the floppy disk you used last week will not work today
your floppy drive, what should you do first to determine
the problem is the drive or the disk?
A. Try another disk in the drive or try the disk in
another
drive.
B. Open the computer and check the ribbon cable.
C. Replace the floppy drive.
D. Check the CMOS settings.
Answer: A
Try another disk in the drive or try the disk in
another drive.
8) Which term describes the capability to burn files to a CDR
and then come back later and burn additional files?
A. MultiBurn
B. Multisession
C. MultiDrive
D. Multibuffer
Answer: B
The term multisession describes the capability to burn
files to a CD-R and then come back later and burn
additional files.
9) Which type of flash memory card is currently the
most
popular?
A. CompactFlash
B. Memory Stick
C. Secure Digital
D. SmartMedia
Answer: C. Secure Digital
10) A CD-RW has a speed rating of 12x10x32x. What do
the
three numbers refer to, in order?
A. Write, rewrite, read
B. Read, write, rewrite
C. Rewrite, read, write
D. Write, read, rewrite
Answer: A. Write, rewrite, read