Fisheries Performance Indicators
A Guest Lecture Prepared for the
United Nations University Fisheries Training Program
Reykjavik, Iceland
Gunnar Knapp
Professor of Economics
Institute of Social and Economic Research
Anchorage, Alaska USA
Gunnar.Knapp@uaa.alaska.edu
January 2013
How can we MEASURE how
well a fishery is managed
and how well it is doing?
How can we MEASURE how well a fishery is managed
and how well it is doing?
This is not an easy question!!!
• Fisheries are managed for multiple objectives.
– We need multiple measures
– Fisheries may be performing well by some measures and poorly
by other measures
– How should we “average” different measures?
• Collecting and analyzing fisheries data is expensive and takes time
– particularly if the data need to be comparable between fisheries
and countries!
• What measures are needed—and how detailed and reliable they
need to be—depends on how we plan to use them.
My goal for this lecture . . .
• To get you to think about the problem of designing fishery
performance indicators
• To describe an ongoing project to develop fishery performance
indicators
• To have you evaluate a fishery you are familiar with according to
these performance indicators
• To critique these performance indicators:
– What is good about them?
– What is bad about them?
– How would you change them?
The “Fisheries Performance Indicators” (FPI) Project . . .
•
•
•
Objective is to develop simple, practical and useful “fisheries
performance indicators” (FPIs) which:
– Provide useful indicators of the performance of a fishery with
respect to multiple objectives
– Can be developed for any kind of fishery in any country
– Are comparable across fisheries and countries
– Can be used to analyze how different factors affect fishery success
– Information can be developed easily, quickly, and at low cost by one
or a few fishery specialists
– Are easy to understand and work with
Designed by three economists
– James L. Anderson (World Bank)
– Jingie Chu (World Bank)
– Chris Anderson (University of Washington)
Tested by about thirty fishery specialists for fisheries in many developed
and developing countries
On a piece of paper please write:
Your name (or alias)
Your country
The name of a fishery in your country you will attempt to evaluate using
some of the fishery performance indicators
Your name: ________________ Your country: __________________
Fishery which you attempted to evaluate using selected
“fishery performance indicators”:
________________________________________________________
Performance indicator
Performance
indicator ranking
How well did you
understand what
this indicator was
asking for?
How easy or
difficult for you
was it to
assign a value for
this indicator?
“Overfishing or
Rebuilding”
Output performance indicator:
Overfishing or Rebuilding
35%
26%
17%
13%
sh
ed
an
d
e.
..
ts
t..
.
ve
rfi
to
Re
cr
ui
Re
cr
ui
to
ve
rfi
sh
ed
sh
ed
,
an
bu
d
e.
..
ts
.. .
bu
ov
er
fi
wt
h
Gr
o
wt
h
Gr
o
is
St
oc
k
sh
ed
,
ov
er
fi
to
ve
rfi
sh
ed
or
..
.
9%
no
A. Stock is not overfished or is
rebuilt
B. Growth overfished, but stable or
rebuilding
C. Growth overfished and
experiencing growth overfishing
D. Recruit overfished, but stable or
rebuilding
E. Recruit overfished and
experiencing recruit overfishing
How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?
A. I understood exactly what it was
asking for
B. I understood fairly well what it
was asking for
C. I had only a vague
understanding of what it was
asking for
D. I didn’t understand at all what it
was asking for
41%
36%
14%
Id
id
va
ya
on
l
Ih
ad
n’
tu
nd
gu
e
...
al
at
d
w
rly
fa
i
d
er
st
oo
er
st
an
...
el
l
w
ct
ly
ex
a
Iu
nd
od
Iu
nd
er
st
o
Mean = 1.95
un
de
r..
.
ha
. ..
9%
How easy or difficult for you was it to
assign a value for this indicator?
44%
Very easy
Somewhat easy
Somewhat hard
Very hard
28%
28%
d
ar
Ve
ry
h
d
th
ar
So
m
ew
ha
ha
ew
So
m
Mean = 2.00
te
as
y
y
0%
Ve
ry
ea
s
A.
B.
C.
D.
“Fishery wages
compared to nonfishery wages”
Output performance indicator:
Boat owners fishery wages compared to non-fishery wages
A. More than 50% above the
regional average
B. Between 10 and 50% above
regional average
C. Within 10% above the regional
average
D. Between 50% and 90% of the
regional average
E. Less than half of the regional
average
43%
26%
17%
13%
...
th
e
of
lf
ha
ha
n
Le
ss
t
re
gi
of
. ..
d
an
50
%
ee
n
tw
Be
90
%
re
.. .
ov
e
ab
10
%
in
ith
W
th
e
ab
o.
.
50
%
an
d
10
ee
n
tw
Be
M
or
e
th
an
50
%
ab
ov
e
th
.. .
0%
How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?
A. I understood exactly what it was
asking for
B. I understood fairly well what it
was asking for
C. I had only a vague
understanding of what it was
asking for
D. I didn’t understand at all what it
was asking for
57%
35%
Id
id
va
ya
on
l
Ih
ad
n’
tu
nd
gu
e
...
al
at
d
w
rly
fa
i
d
er
st
oo
er
st
an
un
de
r..
...
el
l
w
ct
ly
ex
a
Iu
nd
od
Iu
nd
er
st
o
Mean = 1.57
4%
.
ha
. ..
4%
How easy or difficult for you was it to
assign a value for this indicator?
Very easy
Somewhat easy
Somewhat hard
Very hard
41%
27%
27%
d
ar
Ve
ry
h
d
th
ar
So
m
ew
ha
ha
ew
So
m
Mean = 1.95
te
as
y
y
5%
Ve
ry
ea
s
A.
B.
C.
D.
“International
trade”
Output performance indicator:
International trade
90-100% export
60-90% export
30-60% export
2-30% export
Virtually no export
36%
32%
14% 14%
ua
l
ly
no
ex
po
rt
ex
po
rt
Vi
rt
230
%
ex
po
rt
30
-6
0%
ex
po
rt
60
-9
0%
ex
po
rt
5%
90
-1
00
%
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?
A. I understood exactly what it was
asking for
B. I understood fairly well what it
was asking for
C. I had only a vague
understanding of what it was
asking for
D. I didn’t understand at all what it
was asking for
57%
17%
Id
id
va
ya
on
l
Ih
ad
n’
tu
nd
gu
e
...
al
at
d
w
rly
fa
i
d
er
st
oo
er
st
an
...
el
l
w
ct
ly
ex
a
Iu
nd
od
un
de
r..
.
ha
. ..
9%
Iu
nd
er
st
o
Mean = 1.87
17%
How easy or difficult for you was it to
assign a value for this indicator?
62%
ew
So
m
d
14%
ar
th
ar
d
10%
ha
ha
ew
So
m
Mean = 1.76
te
as
y
y
14%
Ve
ry
h
Very easy
Somewhat easy
Somewhat hard
Very hard
Ve
ry
ea
s
A.
B.
C.
D.
“Social standing
of boat owners”
Output performance indicator:
Social standing of boat owners
43%
24%
5%
es
pe
ct
le
e.
Co
to
..
m
m
pa
an
ra
ag
bl
e.
et
..
Co
o
m
s
ki
pa
lle
ra
d
bl
la
et
b.
Am
o
.
u
on
ns
kil
gt
le
he
d
le
. ..
as
tr
es
pe
ct
e.
.
ra
b
Co
m
pa
th
e
on
g
Am
24%
5%
m
os
tr
A. Among the most respected in
the community, comparable with
civic and religious leaders and
professionals such as doctors
and lawyers
B. Comparable to management and
white collar jobs
C. Comparable to skilled labor jobs
D. Comparable to unskilled blue
collar or service jobs
E. Among the least respected, such
as slaves or indentured servants
How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?
A. I understood exactly what it was
asking for
B. I understood fairly well what it
was asking for
C. I had only a vague
understanding of what it was
asking for
D. I didn’t understand at all what it
was asking for
48%
26%
17%
Id
id
va
ya
on
l
Ih
ad
n’
tu
nd
gu
e
...
al
at
d
w
rly
fa
i
d
er
st
oo
er
st
an
...
el
l
w
ct
ly
ex
a
Iu
nd
od
Iu
nd
er
st
o
Mean = 1.96
un
de
r..
.
ha
. ..
9%
How easy or difficult for you was it to
assign a value for this indicator?
40%
Very easy
Somewhat easy
Somewhat hard
Very hard
28%
20%
d
ar
Ve
ry
h
d
th
ar
So
m
ew
ha
ha
ew
So
m
Mean = 2.04
te
as
y
y
12%
Ve
ry
ea
s
A.
B.
C.
D.
“Landings Level”
Output performance indicator:
Landings Level
Ha
r
ve
s
ti
sa
ha
n
sl
ti
ve
s
Ha
r
M
SY
p
Ha
...
pr
ox
rv
es
im
tr
at
ed
el
y.
u
Ha
ce
.
d
rv
to
es
ti
pr
sc
o.
on
..
Ha
st
rv
ra
es
in
ti
in
sc
gs
au
...
sin
go
ve
rfi
s. .
.
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
es
st
A. Harvest is less than MSY (stock
is above MSY level)
B. Harvest is approximately at MSY
C. Harvest reduced to promote
recovery (stock is below MEY
level)
D. Harvest is constraining stock
recovery (stock is stable below
MEY level)
E. Harvest is causing overfishing
(stock is below MEY and
declining)
How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?
A. I understood exactly what it was
asking for
B. I understood fairly well what it
was asking for
C. I had only a vague
understanding of what it was
asking for
D. I didn’t understand at all what it
was asking for
...
er
st
an
d
at
al
.. .
un
de
r
Id
id
va
ya
on
l
Ih
ad
n’
tu
nd
gu
e
w
rly
fa
i
d
er
st
oo
Iu
nd
Iu
nd
er
Mean =
st
o
od
ex
ac
t ly
w
el
l.
..
ha
. ..
25% 25% 25% 25%
How easy or difficult for you was it to
assign a value for this indicator?
25%
25%
25%
d
ar
Ve
ry
h
d
th
ar
ha
ew
So
m
So
m
ew
ha
te
as
Mean =
as
y
y
Very easy
Somewhat easy
Somewhat hard
Very hard
Ve
ry
e
A.
B.
C.
D.
25%
“Harvest Safety”
Output performance indicator:
Harvest Safety
A. Less than 0.1 deaths per
thousand person seasons
B. Less than 0.5 deaths
C. Less than 1
D. Less than 5
E. More than 5 deaths per
thousand person seasons
th
an
or
e
sp
er
...
5
5
de
at
h
ha
n
1
Le
ss
t
ha
n
Le
ss
t
de
a
0.
5
ha
n
ss
t
Le
M
Le
ss
t
ha
n
0.
1
de
a
th
sp
er
. ..
th
s
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
Output performance indicator:
Harvest Safety
A. Less than 0.1 deaths per
thousand person seasons
B. Less than 0.5 deaths
C. Less than 1
D. Less than 5
E. More than 5 deaths per
thousand person seasons
th
an
or
e
sp
er
...
5
5
de
at
h
ha
n
1
Le
ss
t
ha
n
Le
ss
t
de
a
0.
5
ha
n
ss
t
Le
M
Le
ss
t
ha
n
0.
1
de
a
th
sp
er
. ..
th
s
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?
A. I understood exactly what it was
asking for
B. I understood fairly well what it
was asking for
C. I had only a vague
understanding of what it was
asking for
D. I didn’t understand at all what it
was asking for
...
er
st
an
d
at
al
.. .
un
de
r
Id
id
va
ya
on
l
Ih
ad
n’
tu
nd
gu
e
w
rly
fa
i
d
er
st
oo
Iu
nd
Iu
nd
er
Mean =
st
o
od
ex
ac
t ly
w
el
l.
..
ha
. ..
25% 25% 25% 25%
“Source of
capital”
Output performance indicator:
Source of capital
af
ia
/N
o
bl
..
ca
pi
ta
l
ily
av
a
ila
/c
.. .
ur
e.
..
g/
Fa
m
di
n
M
M
ic r
ol
en
ba
n
ks
se
c
ns
fr.
.
oa
Lo
an
ed
sf
or
m
es
sl
es
sl
oa
ns
. ..
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
bu
sin
bu
sin
E.
cu
r
D.
Se
C.
ur
ed
B.
Unsecured business loans from banks/Venture
capital
Secured business loans from banks/Public stock
offering; investment form elsewhere in supply chain
Loans form banks secured by personal (not
business) assets/Government subsidized private
lending/Government-run loan programs/International
aid agencies; secured loans from elsewhere in
supply chain
Microlending/Family/community-based lending; loans
from supply chain significantly reduce margins
Mafia/No capital available; exploitive relationship
from elsewhere in supply chain
Un
se
c
A.
Output performance indicator:
Harvest Safety
A. Less than 0.1 deaths per
thousand person seasons
B. Less than 0.5 deaths
C. Less than 1
D. Less than 5
E. More than 5 deaths per
thousand person seasons
th
an
or
e
sp
er
...
5
5
de
at
h
ha
n
1
Le
ss
t
ha
n
Le
ss
t
de
a
0.
5
ha
n
ss
t
Le
M
Le
ss
t
ha
n
0.
1
de
a
th
sp
er
. ..
th
s
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?
A. I understood exactly what it was
asking for
B. I understood fairly well what it
was asking for
C. I had only a vague
understanding of what it was
asking for
D. I didn’t understand at all what it
was asking for
...
er
st
an
d
at
al
.. .
un
de
r
Id
id
va
ya
on
l
Ih
ad
n’
tu
nd
gu
e
w
rly
fa
i
d
er
st
oo
Iu
nd
Iu
nd
er
Mean =
st
o
od
ex
ac
t ly
w
el
l.
..
ha
. ..
25% 25% 25% 25%
“Proportion of
Harvest Managed
Under Limited
Access ”
Output performance indicator:
Proportion of Harvest Managed Under Limited Access
20%
ly
no
ne
20%
ua
l
Vi
rt
20%
535
%
20%
70
-9
0%
ua
l
ly
al
l
20%
35
-7
0%
Virtually all
70-90%
35-70%
5-35%
Virtually none
Vi
rt
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
Output performance indicator:
Harvest Safety
A. Less than 0.1 deaths per
thousand person seasons
B. Less than 0.5 deaths
C. Less than 1
D. Less than 5
E. More than 5 deaths per
thousand person seasons
th
an
or
e
sp
er
...
5
5
de
at
h
ha
n
1
Le
ss
t
ha
n
Le
ss
t
de
a
0.
5
ha
n
ss
t
Le
M
Le
ss
t
ha
n
0.
1
de
a
th
sp
er
. ..
th
s
20% 20% 20% 20% 20%
How well did you understand what this indicator was asking for?
A. I understood exactly what it was
asking for
B. I understood fairly well what it
was asking for
C. I had only a vague
understanding of what it was
asking for
D. I didn’t understand at all what it
was asking for
...
er
st
an
d
at
al
.. .
un
de
r
Id
id
va
ya
on
l
Ih
ad
n’
tu
nd
gu
e
w
rly
fa
i
d
er
st
oo
Iu
nd
Iu
nd
er
Mean =
st
o
od
ex
ac
t ly
w
el
l.
..
ha
. ..
25% 25% 25% 25%
How useful is this Fisheries Performance Indicator Project
Very useful
Somewhat useful
Not very useful
A total waste of money and time!
43%
35%
13%
a.
.
of
te
wa
s
ta
l
to
m
on
ey
us
ef
ul
er
y
No
tv
A
ha
ew
So
m
Mean = 2.52
tu
se
fu
l
se
fu
l
9%
Ve
ry
u
A.
B.
C.
D.