-Explain why biologists use scientific names rather than common names.
-Name the classification system created by
Linnaeus.
-Give a brief history of classification.
-Identify the two classification groups that correspond to the two-part scientific name.
Correctly write/type a species’ name.
-Name the 6 kingdoms of life and 3 domains of life that most scientists recognize and give the general characteristics of each.

1. How many species are there?
• At least 2½ million . . . And many, many more!
• New species are being discovered all of the time
• There are places on Earth humans have not been able to count the species

“We need an expedition to planet Earth, where probably fewer than 10 percent of the life forms are known to science, and fewer than 1 percent of those have been studied beyond a simple anatomical description…”
E. O. Wilson 2006 “The Creation”

2. To successfully organize these species, we must place them into manageable sized groups

Why classify?
3. All biological classification systems. . .
a. Give a universally accepted name to each organism b. Place organisms with similar characteristics into the same groups

Why classify?
4. Organisms are classified by binomial nomenclature a. Developed by Swedish botanist, Carolus
Linnaeus b. Each species is assigned a two-part name c. Scientific names of organisms are generally written in Latin, typed in italics, or written and underlined
• Zea mays
• Acer rubrum
• Homo sapiens

Why classify?
5. Taxonomy is the science of assigning scientific names a. Allows organisms to be universally identified b. How do scientists know which organisms are classified and named together?
By their biologically important traits!

1. Each classification group becomes more specific and as the groups become more specific, there are a fewer number of organisms in that group

• MOST GENERAL = Domain
• Kingdom
• Phylum
• Class
• Order
• Family
• Genus
• MOST SPECIFIC = Species

1. Domain Bacteria: Unicellular organisms without a nucleus (prokaryotic), can be free-living or parasites
2. Domain Archaea: Unicellular organisms without a nucleus (prokaryotic), live in areas without a lot of oxygen
3. Domain Eukarya: All organisms with a nucleus (eukaryotic)

Scientists generally recognize six kingdoms of life
1. Kingdom Eubacteria
Characteristics: Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, usually asexual, bacteria with peptidoglycan cell walls

Scientists generally recognize six kingdoms of life
2. Kingdom Archaebacteria
Characteristics: Single-celled organisms without a nucleus, usually asexual, bacteria that live in harsh, extreme conditions

Scientists generally recognize six kingdoms of life
3. Kingdom Protista
Characteristics: single-celled organisms WITH a nucleus, some are photosynthetic, examples are amoebas, paramecium, algae

Scientists generally recognize six kingdoms of life
4. Kingdom Fungi
Characteristics: multicellular organisms, heterotrophic, examples include mushrooms, yeast, ringworm, athlete’s foot

Scientists generally recognize six kingdoms of life
5. Kingdom Plantae
Characteristics: multicellular organisms, perform photosynthesis, includes, flowers, trees, and grasses

Scientists generally recognize six kingdoms of life
6. Kingdom Animalia
Characteristics: multicellular, heterotrophic, usually motile and sensory, examples include invertebrates and vertebrates, also humans

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