EOC
PRACTICE
QUESTIONS
#3
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Bio.3.4 - Explain the theory of
evolution by natural selection as a
mechanism for how species change
over time.
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Change over time is called
•evolution
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4 evidences of evolution are
•Biochemical (#1)
•Fossil
•Anatomical
•Embryological
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The most primitive fossils are
found in ______ layer. The more
complex are in the _______
layer.
- Bottom
•Top
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Which shows a common ancestor?
Homologous
structures
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Structures that have no essential
function are called ________.
Examples are __(list5)___.
•vestigial structures
•Appendix
•wisdom teeth
•tonsils in humans
•Tail bone ( coccyx )
•pelvic girdle and beginnings of femurs in
whales
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Similarities in embryos of
vertebrates show that the have a
_________________.
common
ancestor
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Which primates share a common
ancestor?
Chimp
Gorilla
Human
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Darwin’s theory that those most
adapt to the environment will
survive and reproduce is called
•Natural Selection (survival of the fittest)
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The 4 steps in Darwin’s theory are
•1. Variation (due to sexual reproduction
and other changes in the gene pool)
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The 4 steps in Darwin’s theory are
•2. Overproduction (ensures species
survival)
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The 4 steps in Darwin’s theory are
•3. Competition(same habitat and niche)
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The 4 steps in Darwin’s theory are
•4. Natural Selection (most adapt survive
and their genes are passed onto their
children)
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Label the graphs below.
Directional Selection
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Label the graphs below.
•Stabilizing Selection
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Label the graphs below.
•Disruptive Selection
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Type of evolution in which
similar organisms become
different overtime due to their
environments is called _______.
Examples are : ___________.
•divergent evolution or adaptive radiation
•Darwin’s finches and turtles
•whale and a human, both of which are
mammals
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Type of evolution in which
different organisms become
more similar is called_______.
Examples are: _____________.
•convergent evolution
•Fish and sharks, whales and dolphins,
penguins and seals
•(fish, aves –birds, mammals)
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_____ is when organisms adapt and evolve
together to benefit their situation.
Examples are: _________.
•Coevolution
•Arthropods (insects in this case) and
angiosperms
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This diagram shows : _________.
adaptive radiation or
divergent evolution due to
different environments
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New species were formed
because of _____.
•isolation
•in this case - geographic isolation
•There is also temporal (reproduce at
different times)
•reproductive (do not have appropriate
courtship behavior.)
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The development of a new species is
called _____________.
•speciation
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All the genes in a population is
called a ______________.
•gene pool
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Type of evolution where appearance is
stable followed by abrupt change
is_______________.
•punctuated equlibrium
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Slow and steady change in
appearance is called _________.
•gradualism
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Which organism is the most
primitive?
shark
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bird
Which is the most recent
organism?
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Which two organisms are most closely
related, shark and toad, amphibian and
primate or primate and rabbit?
primate and rabbit
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What traits do primates exhibit?
•Vertebrae
•bony
skeleton
•four limbs
•amniotic
egg
•hair
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This evolutionary tree is called a
__________________.
cladogram
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Not taking all of your antibiotics to kill all
of the bacteria off can lead to _____.
•antibiotic resistance
•(variety allows some of the bacteria to
survive and reproduce making super
bugs)
•example is tuberculosis resistance
started in the prisons in Russia.
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BT corn is scary to organic
farmers because over usage can
lead to _______________.
•pesticide resistance where pests take
over food supple making it necessary to
make a more toxic substance to kill them
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Bio 3.5 Analyze how classification
systems are developed based upon
speciation.
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7 taxons broadest to most specific
•(Domain)
•Kingdom
•Phylum
•Class
•Order
•Family
•Genus
•Species
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The broadest of the above categories, the
one that includes the most organisms is
the ___. The most specific that contains
organisms that can produce fertile
offspring is ________.
•Kingdom
•Species
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2 name naming system for the scientific
name is called ___________.
•Binomial nomenclature
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The two taxons it consists of are the
_______, which is always capitalized and
the ________ which is lower case.
•Genus
•species
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The whole name is either _______ or
__________.
•underlined or italicized.
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The purpose of the scientific name is to
have one name in _____ (language) to
avoid having many ________ that vary
location to location.
•Latin
•common names
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Label P for prokaryote, E for
eukaryote, and B for both
•Membrane bound organelles like the mitochondria
and chloroplasts - E
•Smaller in size - P
•Ribosomes - B
•Living - B
•Membrane bound nucleus - E
•DNA - B
•Larger cell - E
•DNA not wrapped in a membrane - P
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Kingdom that is eukaryotic,
multicellular and heterotrophic is
_________.
•Animalia
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Kingdom that is eukaryotic,
multicellular, heterotrophic and has
a cell wall made out of chitin _____.
•Fungi
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Kingdom that is mostly
unicellular, auto or
heterotrophic, eukaryotic is
____________.
•Protista
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Kingdom that is unicellular
prokaryotic and likes extreme
environments ___________.
•Archaebacteria
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Kingdom that is unicellular
prokaryotic and has a cell wall made
out of peptidoglycan
•Eubacteria
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Kingdom that is eukaryotic,
multicellular, autotrophic , and
has a cell wall made out of
cellulose is ___________
•Plantae
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What is organism A in
dichotomous key below?
•Teuthida
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What are some characteristics of
annelids according to the key?
•Distinct head, tentacles are present,
External shell not present
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Which two organisms are most
closely related in shark table
below?
•Greenland and Prickly shark
Greenland Shark Angel Shark
Prickly Shark
Sawshark
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Animalia
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Chordata
Chondrichthyes Chondrichthyes Chondrichthyes Chondrichthes
Squaliformes
Squatiniformes
Squaliformes
Pristiophoriform
es
Somniosus
Squatinidae
Echinorhinidae
Pristiophoridae
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At which classification level does the
Sawshark differ from the other organisms?
Order
Greenland Angel
Prickly
Sawshark
Shark
Shark
Shark
Animalia Animalia Animalia Animalia
Chordata Chordata Chordata Chordata
Chondrich Chondrich Chondrich Chondrich
thyes
thyes
thyes
thes
Squaliform SquatiniforSqualiform Pristiopho
es
mes
es
riformes
Somniosus Squatinida Echinorhin Pristiopho
e
idae
ridae
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