FRENCH ART
Brief survey
Many thanks to Dr. P. Schrock for her input.
Copyright, 2011 Dr. Th. Saint Paul
Lay out: Elizabeth Logsdon
Murray State University
Art and Society
reflect each other
• Classified by broad
sweeping changes
from era to era
Detail from Bourges
Cathedral:Battle of
Roncevaux/ Song of
Roland (800 -9th c)
The Middle Ages
Romanesque
(9/10thc-12thc)
Vezelay, Autun, Bourges,
Conques…
Gothic
Notre Dame (Paris)
gargoyles
http://ndparis.free.fr/index.html
Gothic,
Chartres
Cathedral,
France,
12th C
Notre Dame
de Paris,
Rosace
Albi cathedral pillar
Cathar Castle (SW FRANCE)--- Arques
Fortified City of Carcassonne (SW)
The Renaissance (16th c)
Madonna of the Meadow Raphael(Italian) 1505
Meaning “rebirth” in French
1400-1600
Italian in origin
Stressed forms of classical
antiquity (roman/greek)
Space based on perspective
and everyday details
Added religious topics
The northern Renaissance in Flanders
BRUEGEL, Pieter the Elder
:
Flemish painter (b. ca.1525, d. 1569, Brussels
The Fall of Icarus
BRUEGEL, Pieter the Elder Children's
Games 1559-60
LEONARDO
da Vinci
(b. 1452,
Vinci, d.
1519, Cloux,
near Amboise,
France)
Mona Lisa (La
Gioconda)
c. 1503-5
Renaissance architecture :
the Palace of Fontainebleau
Classical
mythology
Italian artists,
who worked for
Francois I from
1530 to 1560.
• Diana
Huntress
1550-60
The first School
of Fontainebleau
introduced
Mannerism to
France.
Gabrielle d'Estrées and one
of her Sisters c. 1595
Jean Goujon the greatest
16th-century French sculptor.
• the Fontaine des
Innocents, 1548
• Goujon rejected the
Mannerism of the
Fontainebleau school
• revival of the
classical purity of
later 5th century
Greek art.
Nymph
1548-49
Marble
Musée du Louvre, Paris
17th century: Baroque (classicism)
• Violent movement
• Strong emotion and
dramatic lighting
and colors
• Examples: N.
Poussin, Georges
Latour, Louis Le
Nain, Hyacinthe
Rigaud (Louis XIV)
http://www.chateauversailles.fr/
Nicholas Poussin:
Et in Arcadia Ego'
1637-39-Musée du Louvre, Paris
The Holy Family on the Steps
-
Poussin 1648
Inspiration from the Greeks and the Romans
Georges La Tour (1640’s)
Influenced by
Italian painter
of light and
darkness,
Caravaggio
The New Born
th
18
century: Rococo
• Originated in
France
• Highly decorated
forms
• In reaction to the
massiveness of the
Baroque
• Examples:
Jean – Antoine
Watteau,
Jean-Honoré
FRAGONARD.
Happy Accidents of
the Swing
Fragonard 1767
18th century:
Neoclassicism:The Oath of the Horatii J-L
David 1784
Neoclassical painting
• Late 18th to early
19th centuries
• Revived order and
harmony of ancient
Roman and Greek
art
• Examples: Jacques
Louis David
Romanticism
• Late 18th to mid
19th centuries
• Utilized drama and
bright colors
• Reaction to
Neoclassicism
• Examples: Eugene
Delacroix and
Theodore Gericault
Delacroix: Liberty Leading
the People , 1830
19th Century
Delacroix: The Death of Sardanapalus 1827
19thc Realism:
Courbet,
The Stone Breakers, 1849
Impressionism
•
•
•
•
Late 19th century
Focused on transitory, visual impressions
Often painted directly from nature
Emphasis on changing effects of light and
color
• Examples: Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet,
Claude Monet, and Auguste Renoir
• Salon of the “refused”artists (1874, Paris)
Edouard Manet
•
Dejeuner sur l’herbe
& Olympia 1863
Monet
Renoir
Nympheas1887
Le Moulin de la Galette 1876
Villa by the Seaside,1874-
Berthe Morisot
Pointillism
• 1880’s
• Developed by
Seurat and Signac
• Dots that were to
mix in the eyes of
its viewers
• Also called
divisionism or
neoimpressionism
La Grande Jatte, Seurat,
1884-86
Post Impressionism
• Turn of the century
• Reaction against
Impressionism
• Examples:
• Paul Cezanne and
• Paul Gauguin
The Basket of Apples , Cézanne 1895
Van Gogh
Art Nouveau
• MODERN IMAGINATION AND
ESTHETICS
posters for the theater
• Example: Henri de
Toulouse – Lautrec
• A Mucha
( Sarah Bernhardt )
Sculpture –Auguste Rodin
The Thinker/Le Penseur [1881)
Louvre
Camille Claudel, L’Age mur
(1899-1913) Musée d'Orsay
• Frédéric-Auguste
Bartholdi
• French Sculptor, 18341904
• The Statue of Liberty
–Gustave
Eiffel
–The Eiffel
Tower
(1889)
Art Nouveau: architecture
Victor Horta, architect
Belgian, 1861 – 1947
Subway in Paris by
Guimard
Interior of the Tassel
House, 1893
20th century (1900-1950)
The School of Paris, Modernism:
abstraction and color
Avant-Garde until World War II
Fauvism
Cubism
Abstract ART
Dada
Surrealism
Post-modernism (After WWII)
Pop Art
Op Art
Performance Art
Neo-Expressionism
Henri MATISSE
http://www.matissepicasso.org/home.asp
Fauvism:
Liberation of Color, reinterpretation of “reality”
Woman with the
Hat (1905)
Red Interior on Blue
Table (1947)
Henri Rousseau: naïve art
Cubism ( leader Picasso:
geometrical forms, interpretation of space)
Houses at L’Estaque – Georges Braque (1908)
DADA
Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968)
Ready-made, scandalous art
Surrealism
• 1920’s and 1930’s
• Tries to explore the
subconcious
pictorially
• Example: René
Magritte (Belgian)
The Treachery of Images -Magritte
1928
Paul Delvaux (Belgian)
1897-1994
The Village of the
Mermaids, 1942
Pygmalion, 1939
Postmodernism
(Post World War II)
Jean Helion
Nature morte aux pains et salueurs, 1946
Le second Royaume (1983)
Vasarely (1906-1997)—Op Art
Contemporary art.
Jean Tinguely
Homage to Stravinsky, Paris 1980
Nikki de St Phalle
• 1961, New Realists
Nanas, 1974
Christo
(wrappings) 1985
Modern Architecture—
Pompidou Center (1971-77)
PEI
(architect)
(The Louvre
glass pyramid)