Sport Drug Testing
Adrian Smalley
Ryan Simpson
Jenessa Dilley
Points To Be Reviewed
World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)
Prohibited List
Standard Testing Protocol
False Accusations & Laboratories
Chain of Command
How to Cheat a Drug Test
Prohibited List
• Gene Doping
• Stimulants (In-Competition)
• Anabolic Agents
• Narcotics (In-Competition)
• Peptide Hormones, Growth
Factors and Related Substances
• Glucocorticosteroids (InCompetition)
• Beta-2 Agonists
• Cannabinoids (In-Competition)
• Hormone and Metabolic
Modulators
• Chemical and Physical
Manipulation
• Beta-Blockers (Some)
• Other Non-Approved Substances
• Enhancement of Oxygen Transfer
• Alcohol (Some)
• Diuretic and Other Masking
Agents
Standard Testing Protocol
Urine Analysis
Sample A
Sample B
Blood Analysis
WADA Laboratories
Strict guidelines to achieve accreditation
Malaysian lab false accusations
Hossam Ghaly – International footballer
Female American marathon runner
Previous false accusations
Suspended for 3 months
First of more than 35 labs in WADA’s worldwide network to
be barred from conducting tests
Statistics of False Accusations
Prescription Drugs
Of 161 legally prescribed and over-the-counter drugs, 65 gave a
false positive result (40%)
Tour de France
Of 126 samples taken at 99% specificity, the false-positive rate was
72%
Urine Test
15% of all urine test yield a false positive due to cross reacting
substances
Substances Falsely
Identified on Test
False Positive Rate
Barbiturates
0 – 6%
Amphetamines
0 – 37%
Cocaine
0 – 6%
Morphine
0 – 10%
Urine Test False-Positives
Substances Falsely
Identified on Test
Actual Substance
False Positive Rate
Amphetamine &
Methamphetmaine
Selegiline & Vicks
Inhaler
-
Barbiturate
NSAIDs
(Ibuprofen, Naproxen)
0.4%
Benzodiazepine
Oxaprozin (NSAID)
97% - 100%
Cannabinoid
NSAIDS
(Ibuprofen, Naproxen)
-
Opiate
Fluoroquinolone,
Rifampin &
Poppy Seeds
Phencyclidine
Venlafaxine &
Dextromethorphan
-
Substances & Conditions
That Cause False-Positives
THC
• Kidney Infection
• Dronabinol
• Naproxen (Aleve)
• Liver Disease
• Riboflavin (B2)
• Ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin)
Amphetamines
• Kidney Infection/Disease
• Diabetes
• Vicks Nyquil
• Liver Disease
• Robitussin
• Asthma Medication
Opiates
• Kidney Infection/Disease • Diabetes
• Cough Suppressants
• Liver Disease
• Tylenol (with
codeine)
• Nasal Sprays
• Poppy Seeds
Ecstasy
• Kidney Infection/Disease
• Diabetes
• Liver Disease
• Robitussin
• Asthma Medication
Cocaine
• Kidney Infection/Disease • Diabetes
• Liver Infection/Disease
• Tonic Water
• Amoxicillin
(Antibiotic)
Falsely Accused Athletes
• Ryan Braun (Baseball)
• Christian Hoffmann (Cross-Country Skiing)
• Bernard Lagat (Long Distance) • Vegard Hoidalen (Beach Volleyball)
• Hossam Ghaly (Soccer)
• Mark Hylton (Athletics)
• Jay Cutler (Bodybuilding)
• Benoit Joachim (Cycling)
• Mohammed Asif (Cricket)
• Brendan Katin (Baseball)
• Richard Gasquet (Tennis)
• Agnes Kovacs (Swimming)
• Daniel Bailey (Athletics)
• Silken Laumann (Rowing)
• Simon Daubney (Yachting)
• Iban Mayo (Cycling)
• Marc Farry (Golf)
• Michael Mifsud (Football)
• Udi Gal (Sailing)
• Diane Modahl (Athletics)
• Josep Guardiola (Soccer)
• Ross Rebagliati (Snowboarding)
• Vincent Guerin (Football)
• Greg Rusedski (Tennis)
• Michael Rogers (Cycling)
• Alessandro Petacchi (Cycling)
• Daniel Plaza (Race Walking)
• Kristian Smigun (Cross-Country Skiing)
Chain of Command
Paper Cases 1 & 4
Case 1
Sample replaced with beer
Case 4
Officer swapped samples
Ryan Braun
Basement storage
Bribery
http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/video/mlb/2011/12/12/121211.
epstein_braun.SportsIllustrated/index.html
How to Cheat a Drug Tests
All Test
Micro-Dosing
Epitestosterone
Detox Products
“Crisis Capsules”
Cleanse
1-30 Day Cleanse
Tattoos
Urine Test
Protease
Urine Replacement
“Oil Change “
Catheterization
Whizzinator
Diuretics
Blood Test
Blood Transfusion
http://www.passyourdrugtest.com/kits/urine-test.htm