Respiratory System
呼吸系统(hūxīxìtǒng)
Pharyngeal tonsils 咽(yān)扁桃体(biǎntáotǐ)
Collections of lymph [淋巴(línbā)] tissue in the nasopharynx [鼻咽(bíyān)].
alveolus 肺泡(fèipào)
Air sac in the lung.
Apex of the lung 肺(fèi)尖(jiān)
Uppermost [最高的(zuìgāodē)] portion of the lung.

Respiratory System
Base of the lung 肺(fèi)底(dǐ)
Lower [较低的(jiàodīdē)] portion of the lung.
bronchioles 细(xì)支气管(zhīqìguǎn)
Smallest [最小的(zuìxiǎodē)] branches of the bronchi.
bronchus 支气管(zhīqìguǎn)
Branch [分支(fēnzhī)] of the trachea.

Respiratory System
Carbon dioxide 二氧化碳(èryǎnghuàtàn)
A gas [气体(qìtǐ)] produced by body when oxygen and food combine; exhaled through the lung.
cilia 纤毛(xiānmáo)
Thin hairs [细毛(xìmáo)] attached to the mucous membrane epithelium [粘膜(niánmó)上皮(shàngpí)] lining the respiratory tract.
diaphragm 膈(gé)膜(mó)
Muscle [肌肉(jīròu)] separating the chest and abdomen.

Respiratory System epiglottis 会厌(huìyàn)
Lid-like piece of cartilage [软骨(ruǎngǔ)] that covers the larynx, preventing food from entering the larynx and trachea during swallowing [吞咽(tūnyān)].
expiration 呼(hū)气(qì)
Breathing out.
glottis 声门(shēngmén)
Opening to the larynx.

Respiratory System
Hilum of lung 肺(fèi)门(mén)
Midline [中间(zhōngjiàn)] region where the bronchi, blood vessels and nerves enter and exit the lungs.
inspiration 吸气(xīqì)
Breathing in larynx 喉(hóu)
Voice box

Respiratory System lobe 肺叶(fèiyè)
Division of a lung.
mediastinum 纵隔(zònggé)
Region between the lungs in the chest cavity. It contains the trachea, heart, aorta, esophagus and bronchial tubes.
oxygen 氧气 (yǎngqì)

Respiratory System
Palatine tonsil 腭(è)扁桃体(biǎntáotǐ)
One of a pair of almond-shaped masses of lymphoid tissue in the oropharynx [口咽(kǒuyān)].
Parietal pleura 壁(bì)层(céng)胸膜(xiōngmó)
The outer fold [外层(wàicéng)] of pleura lying closest to the ribs [肋骨(lèigǔ)] and wall of the thoracic cavity.
pharynx 咽(yān)
Throat; composed of the nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx [喉(hóu)咽(yān)].

Respiratory System pleura 胸膜(xiōngmó)
Double-folded [双层(shuāngcéng)] membrane surrounding each lung.
Pleural cavity 胸膜(xiōngmó)腔(qiāng)
Space between the folds of the pleura.
Pulmonary parenchyma 肺(fèi)实质(shízhì)
The essential cells of the lung.

Respiratory System trachea 气管(qìguǎn)
Windpipe.
Visceral pleura 脏(zàng)层(céng)胸膜(xiōngmó)
The inner fold [内层(nèicéng)] of pleura lying closest to the lung tissue.

Respiratory System
Diagnostic and Pathological Conditions auscultation 听诊(tīngzhěn)
Listening to sounds [声音(shēngyīn)] within the body.
Stethoscope [听诊器(tīngzhěnqì)] percussion 叩诊(kòuzhěn)
Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of the underlying structure.
Solid organ: Dull sound [浊音(zhuóyīn)]
Air-filled structure: hollow note [清音(qīngyīn)]
Pleural rub 胸膜摩擦音(xiōngmómócāyīn)
Scratchy sound produced by the motion of inflamed or irritated pleural surfaces rubbing against each other.

Respiratory System
Diagnostic and Pathological Conditions rales 罗(luó)音(yīn)
Abnormal cracking sounds heard during inspiration when there is fluid, blood or pus in the alveoli.
Rhonchi [干罗音(gānluóyīn)] sputum 痰(tán)
Material expelled from the chest by coughing or clearing the throat.
Purulent sputum [脓(nóng)痰(tán)] stridor 喘(chuǎn)鸣(míng)
Strained, high-pitched, noisy sound made on inspiration; associated with obstruction [阻塞(zǔsè)] of the larynx or trachea

Respiratory System
Diagnostic and Pathological Conditions wheezes 喘息(chuǎnxī)
Continuous [连续的(liánxùdē)] high-pitched whistling [口哨
(kǒushào)] sounds heard when air is forced through a narrow space during inspiration or expiration croup 哮(xiào)吼(hǒu)
Acute viral infection in infants [婴儿(yīng‘ér)] and children; characterized by obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor.
Causes: influenza viruses [流感病毒(liúgǎnbìngdú)] diphtheria 白喉(báihóu)
Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract [上呼
吸道(shànghūxīdào)] caused by the diphtheria bacterium [白
喉杆菌(báihóugǎnjūn)].

Respiratory System
Pathological Conditions epistaxis 鼻出血 bi chu xue asthma 哮喘 xiao chuan bronchiectasis
Lung cancer
支气管扩张 zhi qi guan kuo zhang
肺癌 fei ai
Chronic bronchitis 慢性支气管炎 man xing zhi qi guan yan
Cystic fibrosis
atelectasis
emphysema pneumoconiosis
纤维囊泡症 xian wei nang pao zheng
肺不张 fei bu zhang
肺气肿 fei qi zhong
矽肺 xi fei

Respiratory System
Diagnostic and Pathological Conditions pneumonia
Pulmonary abscess
肺炎 fei yan
肺脓肿 fei nong zhong
Pulmonary edema 肺水肿 fei shui zhong
Pulmonary embolism 肺栓塞 fei shuan sai
Pulmonary fibrosis 肺纤维化 fei xian wei hua sarcoidosis 肉瘤样病 rou liu yang bing tuberculosis mesothelioma
Pleural effusion
肺结核 fei jie he
间皮瘤 jian pi bing
胸腔积液 xiong qiang ji ye

Respiratory System
Diagnostic and Pathological Conditions pleurisy
pneumothorax
胸膜炎 xiong mo yan
气胸 qi xiong

Respiratory System
Laboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures
Ventilation-perfusion 通气血流比 tong qi xue liu bi
bronchoscopy
Endotracheal intubation 气管插管 qi guan cha guan laryngoscopy
支气管镜检 zhi qi guan jing jian
喉镜检查 hou jing jian cha mediastinoscopy thoracentesis thoracotomy tracheostomy
纵膈镜检 zong ge jing jian
胸腔穿刺 xiong qiang chuan ci
胸廓切开 xiong kuo qie kai
气管切开 qi guan qie kai

Respiratory System
Laboratory Tests, Clinical Procedures
Tuberculin test 结核菌素试验 jie he jun su shi yan
Tube thoracostomy 管状胸廓造口 guan zhuang xiong kuo zao kou

Respiratory System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: Can I help you?
P: Yes, I think I have a cold.
医生：你有什么需要？
Ni you shen me xu yao?
病人：我想我感冒了。
Wo xiang wo gan mao le .

Respiratory System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: How long have you been ill?
P: About three days.
医生：病多长时间了？
Bing duo chang shi jian le?
病人：大约三天。
Da yue san tian.

Respiratory System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: Why didn’t you come here three days ago.
P: I just thought that it would go away by itself, and I was busy with work.
医生：为什么三天前不来看病？
Wei shen me san tian qian bu lai kan bing?
病人：我以为它自己会好，而且我工作很忙。
Wo yi wei ta zi ji hui hao, er qie wo gong zuo hen mang.

Respiratory System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: What’re the main symptoms and signs?
P: I have a running nose, a low grade fever. What’s the worst, I have a sore throat, a mild headache .
医生：主要的症状和体征是什么？
Zhu yao de zheng zhuang he ti zheng shi shen me?
病人：流鼻涕，发低烧。最糟糕的是喉咙痛，头痛。
Liu bi ti, fa di shao. Zui zao gao de shi hou long tong, tou tong.

Respiratory System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: Do you have a cough?
P: No, never.
医生：咳嗽吗？
Ke sou ma ?
病人：不咳。
Bu ke.

Respiratory System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: I want to have a look at your throat, please open your mouth and say “ah~”.
P: Ah~.
医生：我看看你的喉咙，张大嘴巴说“啊~”。
Wo kan kan ni de hou long, zhang da zui ba shuo ah.
病人：啊~。 ah.

Respiratory System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: Ok, I think you have a common cold. But you have to take at least three days off because you’d better stay at home until you’re all right. And what kind of medicines do you prefer, chinese traditional or western?
P: Western
医生：好了，我认为你只是一般的感冒。但你至少请三天假，因
为你得呆在家里休息，直到病好为止。你想吃什么药，中药还是
西药？
Hao le, wo ren wei ni zhi shi yi ban de gan mao. Dan ni zhi shao qing san tian jia, yin wei ni de dai zai jia li xiu xi, zhi dao bing hao wei zhi. Ni xiang chi shen me yao, zhong yao hai shi xi yao?
病人：西药。Xi yao.

Respiratory System
Dialogue Ⅰ
D: And you should keep your child away from you.
P: I have done that already.
D: Ok. You’ll be well soon.
医生：另外你得把你孩子和你隔离开来。
Ling wai ni de ba ni hai zi he ni ge li kai lai.
病人：我已经那样做了。Wo yi jing na yang zuo le.
医生：很好，你会很快康复的。
Hen hao ni hui hen duai kang fu de.

Respiratory System
Dialogue Ⅱ
P: I have difficulty in breathing.
D: Please lie down in your back. (exam the heart and lung by auscultation and percussion). Please sit on the bed with your back against me. (percuss the upper back). I think you have hydrothorax.
病人：我有点呼吸困难？
Wo you dian hu xi kun nan?
医生：请你仰卧于床上（通过听诊和叩诊来检查心肺）。请背
对我坐在床上（叩诊上背部）。我想你有胸腔积液。
Qing ni yang wo yu chuang shang (tong guo ting zhen he kou zhen lai jian cha xin fei) . Qing bei dui wo zuo zai chuang shang (kou zhen shang bei bu). Wo xiang ni you xiong qiang ji ye

Respiratory System
Dialogue Ⅱ
P: What’s that?
D: Some diseases like pneumonia, lung cancer, tuberculosis, can make the plerua produce much more fluid. We call the excessive fluid hydrothorax, and it can cause dyspnea.
病人：那是什么？
Na shi shen me?
医生：在有些疾病状态下，如肺炎、肺癌、肺结核，胸膜会产生
过量的液体，我们把它叫做胸腔积液。它可以引起呼吸困难。
Zai you xie ji bing zhuang tai xia, ru fei yan, fei ai, fei jie he, xiong mo hui chan sheng huo liang de ye ti, wo men ba ta jiao zuo xiong qiang ji ye. Ta ke yi yin qi hu xi kun nan .

Respiratory System
Dialogue Ⅱ
P: So what now? what can you do for me?
D: There is a spontaneous absorption with the pace of your pneumonia’s recovery. But the fluid is too much to influence your breath now, so we must do something.
病人：那现在怎么办？
Na xian zai zen me ban?
医生：胸腔积液可以随着肺炎的好转而逐渐自发吸收。但现在
胸腔积液太多，影响了你的呼吸，所以我们会采取一些措施。
Xiong qiang ji ye ke yi sui zhe fei yan de hao zhuan er zhu jian zi fa xi shou. Dan xian zai xiong qiang ji ye tai duo le, ying xiang le ni de hu xi, suo yi wo men hui cai qu yi xie cuo shi .

Respiratory System
Dialogue Ⅱ
P: What exactly?
D: It’s a simple operation called thoracentesis. There is an ultrasound examination you will take to estimate the amount. In course of the exam we could also make an anchor point to ensure the safety.
病人：怎么讲？Zen me jiang?
医生：就是一个叫做胸腔穿刺的小手术。你先要做一个超声检查
来估计胸水量，同时我们可以用超声进行穿刺点定位，来保证胸
穿的安全。
Jiu shi yi ge jiao zuo xiong qiang chuan ci de xiao shou shu. Ni xian yao zuo yi ge chao sheng jian cha lai gu ji xiong shui liang. Tong shi wo men ke yi yong chao sheng lai jin xing chuan ci dian ding wei, lai bao zheng xiong chuan de an quan .

Respiratory System
Dialogue Ⅱ
P: How long will it take to finish that?
D: Twenty minutes or less. I’m going to prepare for that.
病人：那得花多长时间啊？
Na de hua duo chang shi jian a?
医生：20分钟或更少。我现在去准备一下。
20 fen zhong huo geng shao. Wo xian zai qu zhun bei yi xia .

Respiratory System
Dialogue Ⅱ
P: Is there any pain?
D: You can’t feel any pain after taking local anesthesia.
P: Sounds acceptable.
病人：会痛吗？
Hui tong ma?
医生：局部麻醉后你不会觉得痛的。
Ju bu ma zui hou ni bu hui jue de tong de.
病人：那还差不多。
Na hai cha bu duo