APPROACH TO WIDE QRS COMPLEX
TACHYCARDIA
Dr HA TUAN KHANH
Dr DAVID TRAN
Content
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Definition
Causes of WCT
Diagnosis criteria
Clinical history
Physical examination
ECG criteria: Brugada criteria, other criteria, findings favoring
SVT, VT vs AVRT criteria
Management
Unstable hemodynamic
Stable hemodynamic
Definition
Wide QRS complex tachycardia is a rhythm with a rate of more than
100 b/m and QRS duration of more than 120 ms
SVT (20%)
VT (80%)
Stewart RB. Ann Intern Med 1986
Causes of wide QRS complex tachycardia
• Supraventricular tachycardia
- with prexsisting BBB
- with BBB due to heart rate (aberrant conduction)
- antidromic tachycardia in WPW syndrome
• Ventricular tachycardia
SVT vs VT
Clinical history
Age
- ≥ 35 ys → VT (positive predictive value of 85%)
Underlying heart disease Previous MI → 98% VT
Pacemakers or ICD
Increased risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmia
Medication
Drug-induced tachycardia → Torsade de pointes
Diuretics
Digoxin-induced arrhythmia → [digoxin] ≥2ng/l or
normal if hypokalemia
SVT vs VT
Physical examination
 Physical findings that indicate presence of AV dissociation (cannon A
waves, variable-intensity S1,variation in BP unrelated to respiration)
if present are useful
 Termination of WCT in response to maneuvers like Valsalva, carotid
sinus pressure, or adenosine is strongly in-favor of SVT but there
are well-documented cases of VT responsive to these
SVT vs VT
ECG criteria: Brugada algorithm
Brugada P. Ciculation 1991
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4: LBBB - type wide QRS complex
VT
SVT
R wave >40ms
notching of S wave
small R wave
V1
fast downslope
of S wave
> 70ms
Q wave
V6
no Q wave
Step 4: RBBB - type wide QRS complex
VT
SVT
rSR’ configuration
V1
or
R/S > 1
V6
qR (or Rs) complex
monophasic R wave
R/S ratio < 1
QS complex
or
Step 4: RBBB morphology
Step 4: LBBB morphology
Other ECG criteria
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North - west QRS axis deviation
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Negative or positive concordance
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Fusion beats, capture beats
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Ventriculoatrial conduction with block
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RBBB morphology with LAD > - 300
•
LBBB morphology with RAD > + 900
•
Previous ECG show MI or previous ECG show that during sinus
rhythm, bifascular block is present, which changes in configuration
during tachycardia
Concordance and Northwest Axis
Fusion beat and capture beat
Ventriculoatrial conduction with block
RBBB morphology with LAD
LBBB morphology with RAD
Previous MI
Previous LBBB
Findings favoring SVT
• Triphasic pattern in V1 and V6
• Rabbit’s ear
• Previous ECG: Preexistent BBB or preexcitation
Triphasic pattern
Rabbit’s ear
Wide complex SVT from preexisting RBBB
Wide complex SVT from preexisting LBBB
VT vs AVRT
ECG criteria
Brugada P. Ciculation 1991
Wide complex SVT from bypass tract
Summary : diagnosis evaluation
ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for management of pt with SVT. Circulation 2003
Management – Hemodynamic compromise
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Unstable patient, but still responsible with a discernible BP and/or
pulse:
- Emergent synchronized cardioversion
- If the QRS complex and T wave cannot be distinguished
accurately → immediate defibrillation
Unstable patient, unresponsive or pulseless → standard ACLS
resusciation algorithms
ACLS pulseless arrest algorithm
AHA Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Ciurculation 2005
Management – Stable hemodynamic
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VT or WCT of uncertain etiology:
Any associated conditions (cardiac ischemia, heart failure,
electrolyte abnormalities or drug toxicities)
Class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs
- Amiodarone: 150mg IV/10mins followed by an infusion of
1mg/min for 6 hours, then 0,5mg/min
- Procainamide: 15-18mg/kg infusion over 25-30mins, followed
by 1-4mg/min by continuous infusion
- Lidocaine: 1-1,5mg/kg IV/2-3mins followed by an infusion of
1-4mg/min
Urgent or elective cardioversion
Management – Stable hemodynamic
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SVT
Vagal maneuvers: carotid sinus pressure (if no carotid bruits) or
Valsava maneuver
Adenosine: 6mg over 1-2 seconds. If the initial dose is
ineffective, a 12mg dose may be given and repeated once if
necessary
Calcium channel blocker (Verapamil 2.5 to 5mg IV) or beta
blokers (Metoprolol 5 to 10 mg IV)
Cardioversion
Acute management hemodynamically stable and regular tachycardia
ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for management of pt with SVT. Circulation 2003
Recommendation acute management hemodynamically stable
and regular tachycardia
ACC/AHA/ESC guidelines for management of pt with SVT. Circulation 2003
Tachycardia algorithm
AHA Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care. Ciurculation 2005
Tachycardia algorithm
Thank you for your attention