By
Remilekun Odetoyinbo
GPST1

• Bacteria campylobacter salmonella e-coli
Shigella Staph clotridium
Cholera
• Viral
Rota, Adeno, Noro virus
• Parasites like giardia,
• Worms hook worms,pin worms
• Others amoebic dysentery

• Diarrhoea
• Abdominal pain
• Vomiting
• Fever
• Bloating
• Weight loss
• Malaise
• nausea

• E coli.
• Commonest cause of travellers diarrhoea
• Main route is feacal to oral transmission .
• Can get it from contaminated vegetables, cheese
• Can be treated with amoxicillin or cephalosporin

• Clostridium difficile.
• Most serious cause of antibiotic associated diarrhoea.
• Presentation is mainly after antibiotics with abdominal pain , bloating, loose foul smelling stools
• Can be treated with metronidazole or vancomycin if no response.

• Rota Virus
• Commonest cause of severe diarrhoea in infants and children.
• Incubation period of 2 days
• Symptoms start with vomiting followed by 4-8 days of watery stools
• More associated with dehydration than bacterial causes.
• Symptomatic management and rehydration is essential

• Noro virus affects all ages
• Common in semiclosed or closed communities. camps, hospital, dormitories
• Transmitted from person to person or from contaminated food and water
• Incubation period 1-2 days.
• Last for 24-60 hours.
• Symptoms are mainly forceful vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain
• Handwashing is essential to reduce spread.

• Gardia Lamblia.
• Protozoa parasite.
• Got from contaminated water or faecal –oral transmission.
• Causes villous atropy.
• Presents with weight loss, bloating steatorrhoea epigastric pain nausea and explosive diarrhoea
• Treat with metronidazole first line . Others tinidazole ,nitazoxamide

• Most common cause of severe diarrhoea in infants and children
• The cause of 90% of non bacterial outbreaks of diarrhoea in the world.
• Antibiotic of choice for campylobacter
• Commonest cause of travellers diarrhoea.
• Antibiotic of choice for Clostridium difficille

A Rota virus
B E-coli
C Noro virus
D Metronidazole
E Erythromycin

1 Gardia lamblia is a protozoan
2 Dehydration is twice more likely to occur in diarrhoea of bacteria origin than with rota virus
3 Noro virus infection can follow breathing air near an episode of vomiting .
4 Alcohol gel is inadequate for infection control when in contact with noro virus patients