Pineal and Pancreas Gland
Charlie Lee and Ethan Hartman
Period 5 Anatomy
Function & Importance of the
Endocrine System

Endocrine System
Collection of glands
2. Glands produce
hormones
3. Hormones regulate
1.
a. Metabolism
b. Growth/Development
c. Tissue Function
d. Sexual
maturity/reproduction
e. Sleep and Mood
f. Etc…
Pineal and Pancreas Glands
Pineal Gland
It is located near the center of the
brain and has a tiny pine cone shape.
Pancreas Gland
A long, flat gland that lies in the
abdomen behind the stomach.
Location of the two glands
Role/Function
Pineal Gland
1. Manages alertness or consciousness of
one's self and produces "melatonin"
which regulates the sleep/wake patterns
Pancreas Gland
1. Enzymes secreted by the exocrine gland
in the pancreas help break down
carbohydrates, fats, proteins, and acids in
the duodenum.
2. The hormones, insulin and glucagon,
secreted by the endocrine gland regulate
the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood.
Hormones
Pancreas


Insulin
Glycogen
Pineal

Melatonin
Insulin



A peptide hormone produced by the pancreas that lowers blood
glucose levels
Insulin helps the amino acids that are extracted from dietary proteins
assimilate into new proteins. It also helps store the breakdown of
ingested fats into triglycerides
Stimulates insulin receptors which causes an increase in the glucose
uptake
Glucagon
A peptide hormone that elevates blood glucose levels
 Is produced in response to low blood sugar
 Encourages the metabolism of fats until blood levels
return to normal
 Reverse effect of insulin

Melatonin
Regulates bodies daily rhythm.
 Indicator of exposure to daylight
 Increase of production when darkness falls peaking
at 2 to 4 AM
 Believed to play some role in sleep

Type 1 Diabetes


As known as insulin dependent diabetes or juvenile
diabetes
Auto immune disease where the body's own immune syst
em destroys the beta cells of the pancreas, the
cells that create insulin.
Have to inject insulin everyday
Pancreatic Cancer
Cancer of the pancreas
Early symptoms, such as abdominal pain and discomfort, nausea, diarrh
ea, belching, a feeling of fullness, intolerance for fatty foods, weight loss,
loss of appetite, and loss of strength and energy,
resemble those of other digestive disorders
Later symptoms may include jaundice, severe back pain, and itchy skin
Interesting facts
The pancreas is carrot shaped
 Pancreatic cancer is the second deadly cancer
among males behind lung cancer
 No one is really positive what melatonin does
 Endocrine pancreatic cancer only accounts for
5% of all pancreatic cancer cases

Concept Check Questions
1. How do glucagon and insulin balance
the blood sugar levels in the human body?
 2. What are the two functions of the
Pancreas Gland?
 3. Why do Type 1 Diabetes patients have
to inject insulin to their blood everyday?
 4. Why is it harder to fall asleep when the
light is on?

Answers
1. Insulin lowers and glucagon elevates blood
sugar levels thus balancing the glucose level of the
body.
 2. a. Release of digestive enzymes
b. Regulation of blood sugar levels
 3. The body's own immune system destroys the
beta cells of the pancreas, the cells that create
insulin. Thus, the pancreas cannot create insulin.
 4. Melatonin production is shut down with the
presence of light.You need the eye to detect
darkness to produce melatonin.

Work cited
Petit, William A., Jr., and Christine Adamec. "melatonin." Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc.
Web. 10 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE48&SID=5&iPin=EEDD0179&SingleRecord=
True>.
Petit, William A., Jr., and Christine Adamec. "insulin." Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc.
Web. 5 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE48&SID=5&iPin=EEDD0158&SingleRecord=
True>.
Petit, William A., Jr., and Christine Adamec. "diabetes mellitus." Health Reference Center. Facts On
File, Inc. Web. 10 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE48&SID=5&iPin=ENDB0075&SingleRecord
=True>.
Sarg, Michael J., and Ann D. Gross. "pancreatic cancer." Health Reference Center. Facts On File, Inc.
Web. 10 Mar. 2013.
<http://www.fofweb.com/activelink2.asp?ItemID=WE48&SID=5&iPin=CDTE1271&SingleRecord
=True>.
Shmaefsky, Brian R. "The Endocrine Glands and Hormones." Applied Anatomy and Physiology. St.
Paul: Paradigm, 2007. 258-82. Print.
Photos
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Insulin_glucose_m
etabolism_ZP.svg
http://www.baileybio.com/plogger/images/anatomy
___physiology/09._powerpoint_-_endocrine_syst
em/glucagon_-_camp.jpg
http://www.themuslimtimes.org/2012/10/science/
melatonin-helps-patients-with-high-blood-pressur
e-to-sleep
http://www.healthcentral.com/diabetes/h/macrom
olecules-and-diabetes.html
http://www.typefreediabetes.com/Articles.asp?ID
=300http://www.lookfordiagnosis.com/mesh_info.
php?term=Pancreatic+Neoplasms&lang=1