CHAPTER 22- ALCOHOL
LESSON 1- CHOOSING TO BE ALCOHOL-FREE
YOU’LL LEARN TO
• IDENTIFY FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE DECISIONS ABOUT ALCOHOL USE & YOUR HEALTH
• ANALYZE THE PHYSICAL, MENTAL, SOCIAL, AND LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF ALCOHOL USE
• EXPLAIN THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ALCOHOL USE BY ADOLESCENTS & THE ROLE ALCOHOL
PLAYS IN UNSAFE SITUATIONS
• DEVELOP STRATEGIES FOR PREVENTING THE USE OF ALCOHOL
• DEMONSTRATE REFUSAL STRATEGIES REGARDING ALCOHOL USE & THE BENEFITS OF
CHOOSING TO BE ALCOHOL FREE
• VOCABULARY: ETHANOL, FERMENTATION, DEPRESSANT, INTOXICATION, ALCOHOL ABUSE
DO YOU KNOW WHICH IS A MYTH & WHICH IS A
FACT ABOUT ALCOHOL?
Read each statement below and respond by writing Myth or Fact for each.
• ALCOHOL HAS THE SAME CHEMICAL & PHYSICAL EFFECTS ON EVERYONE WHO DRINKS.
• SOMEONE WHO DOESN’T ACT DRUNK ISN’T DRUNK.
• WHEN A PERSON IS INTOXICATED, COFFEE, A COLD SHOWER, OR FRESH AIR WILL SOBER HIM OR
HER UP.
• ALCOHOL IMPAIRS JUDGMENT AND SOCIAL BEHAVIORS.
• DRINKING ALCOHOL ON WEEKENDS OR ONCE IN A WHILE IS NOT HARMFUL.
• NO AMOUNT OF ALCOHOL IS SAFE FOR PREGNANT WOMEN TO DRINK.
• BINGE DRINKING HAS NO LONG-TERM EFFECTS.
THE FACTS ABOUT ALCOHOL
ETHANOL- THE TYPE OF ALCOHOL IN ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES- IS A
POWERFUL & ADDICTIVE DRUG.
FERMENTATION- CHEMICAL ACTION OF YEAST ON SUGARS.
LET’S SEE HOW IT WORKS!
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL
CONSUMPTION
AT FIRST DRINKING ALCOHOL MAY PROVIDE A KIND OF “ENERGY RUSH”
THIS INITIAL REACTION MASKS ALCOHOL’S TRUE EFFECT AS A DEPRESSANT.
DEPRESSANT- A DRUG THAT SLOWS THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
ALCOHOL QUICKLY AFFECTS A PERSON’S MOTOR SKILLS BY SLOWING
REACTION TIME & IMPAIRING VISION.
INTOXICATION- IS THE STATE IN WHICH THE BODY IS POISONED BY ALCOHOL
OR ANOTHER SUBSTANCE AND THE PERSON’S PHYSICAL & MENTAL CONTROL
IS SIGNIFICANTLY REDUCED.
LET’S TAKE A LOOK!
DISCLAIMER- THERE IS REALLY NOTHING FUNNY ABOUT THESE PEOPLE, THEY
OBVIOUSLY HAVE ISSUES! BUT THE VIDEO SHOWS HOW A PERSON’S MOTOR
SKILLS ARE EFFECTED BY ALCOHOL!
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ALCOHOL USE
DID YOU KNOW?
DESPITE THE MANY PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED
WITH ALCOHOL USE, MANY TEENAGERS
STILL CHOOSE TO DRINK. WHY?
PEER PRESSURE- TO FIT IN AND BE
ACCEPTED
 BY THE TIME TEENS REACH 9TH
GRADE, MOST WILL HAVE SEEN
MORE ADS FOR BEER OR WINE
THAN FOR ANY OTHER PRODUCT
 FAMILY- PARENTS WHO DISCOURAGE
AND AVOID THE USE OF ALCOHOL ARE
MORE LIKELY TO HAVE TEENS WHO DO
THE SAME
 A RECENT STUDY FOUND THAT
93% OF THE 200 MOST POPULAR
MOVIE RENTAL DEPICTED
ALCOHOL USE
 MEDIA MESSAGES- TARGET TEEN
AUDIENCE
 A REVIEW OF TOP-SELLING RAP
RECORDINGS FOUND ALCOHOL
MENTIONED 47% OF THE SONGS

LET’S TAKE A LOOK!
AVOID ALCOHOL: AVOID UNSAFE BEHAVIORS
DID YOU KNOW?
• ALCOHOL-RELATED TRAFFIC COLLISIONS ARE
THE #1 CAUSE OF DEATH & DISABILITY
AMONG TEENS.
• ALCOHOL USE IS LINKED WITH DEATHS BY
DROWNING, FIRE, SUICIDE & HOMICIDE
ALCOHOL IS A SERIOUS MATTER. IT IS THE KEY FACTOR IN
• 33% OF SUICIDES
• 50% OF HOMICIDES
• 62% OF ASSAULTS
• 68% OF MANSLAUGHTER CASES
• 50% OF HEAD INJURIES
• 41% OF TRAFFIC FATALITIES
• ALCOHOL ALSO PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN DOMESTIC ABUSE
AND INJURY, CHILD ABUSE AND NEGLECT, AND WORKPLACE
INJURIES.
• MORE THAN HALF OF ALL PEOPLE WHO DROWN HAVE
CONSUMED ALCOHOL BEFORE ENTERING THE WATER.
CHAPTER 22 ALCOHOL
LESSON 2 HARMFUL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL USE
YOU’LL LEARN TO
• EXAMINE THE SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL USE.
• APPLY RESPONSIBLE DECISION MAKING BY ASSOCIATING THE RISKS & CONSEQUENCES OF
DRINKING AND DRIVING.
• RECOGNIZES THE DANGERS OF ALCOHOL-DRUG INTERACTIONS.
• DEMONSTRATES REFUSAL STRATEGIES CONCERNING ALCOHOL USE.
• VOCABULARY: METABOLISM, BLOOD ALCOHOL CONCENTRATION, BINGE DRINKING,
ALCOHOL POISONING
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF
DRINKING
THE SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ARE DIFFERENT FOR EACH
INDIVIDUAL. SOME FACTORS THAT INFLUENCES THE ONSET OF THESE
EFFECTS INCLUDE:
 BODY SIZE & GENDER
 FOOD
 AMOUNT & RATE OF INTAKE
PHYSICAL & MENTAL IMPAIRMENT BEGIN WITH THE FIRST DRINK OF
ALCOHOL AND INCREASES AS MORE ALCOHOL IS CONSUMED
ALCOHOL & DRUG INTERACTION
ALCOHOL & DRUGS DON’T MIX…WHY?
•
ALCOHOL COMBINED WITH ANOTHER DRUG CAN RESULT IN A
MULTIPLIER AFFECT.
•
TYPICAL ALCOHOL-DRUG INTERACTIONS:
•
ALCOHOL MAY SLOW DOWN A DRUGS ABSORPTION, INCREASING THE
LENGTH OF TIME ITS IN THE BODY
•
INCREASE IN NUMBER OF METABOLIZING ENZYMES CAUSING MEDS TO BE
BROKEN DOWN FASTER, DECREASING THEIR EFFECTIVENESS
•
METABOLIZING ENZYMES CAN CHANGE SOME MEDS INTO CHEMICALS
THAT CAN DAMAGE THE LIVER AND OTHER ORGANS
•
ALCOHOL CAN INCREASE THE EFFECTS OF SOME DRUGS.
•
METABOLISM IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH THE BODY BREAKS DOWN
SUBSTANCES
DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE
•
DRINKING ALCOHOL IMPAIRS VISION, REACTION TIME, AND
COORDINATION.
•
DRIVING WHILE INTOXICATED (DWI), ALSO KNOWN AS DRIVING
UNDER THE INFLUENCE (DUI), IS THE LEADING CAUSE OF DEATH
AMONG TEENS.
•
A PERSON IS INTOXICATED WHEN THEIR BLOOD ALCOHOL
CONCENTRATION (BAC) EXCEEDS THE STATE’S LEGAL LIMIT.
•
BAC- IS THE AMOUNT OF ALCOHOL IN A PERSON’S BLOOD,
EXPRESSED AS A PERCENTAGE. (.08% IN NJ)
LET’S TAKE A LOOK!
BINGE DRINKING & ALCOHOL POISONING
• BINGE DRINKING IS DRINKING 5 OR MORE
ALCOHOLIC DRINKS AT ONE SITTING.
• BINGE DRINKING CAN LEAD TO ALCOHOL
POISONING.
• ALCOHOL POISONING IS A SEVERE A
POTENTIALLY FATAL PHYSICAL REACTION TO
AN ALCOHOL OVERDOSE.
• ALCOHOL ACTS AS A DEPRESSANT & SHUTS
DOWN INVOLUNTARY ACTION (BREATHING,
GAG REFLEX).
• A PERSON CAN CHOKE & BE ASPHYXIATED
BY HIS OR HER OWN VOMIT.
Rutgers student dies after drinking at frat house party
EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL
POISONING
PASSING OUT IS A COMMON EFFECT OF DRINKING TOO MUCH.
ALCOHOL DOESN’T STOP ENTERING THE BLOODSTREAM AFTER PASSING
OUT .
SYMPTOMS THAT INDICATE ALCOHOL POISONING:
•
MENTAL CONFUSION, STUPOR, COMA, VOMITING AND SEIZURES
•
SLOW RESPIRATION (10 SECONDS BETWEEN BREATHS OR FEWER THAN
8 BREATHS PER MINUTE)
•
IRREGULAR HEARTBEAT
•
HYPOTHERMIA OR LOW BODY TEMP
•
SEVERE DEHYDRATION FROM VOMITING
A PERSON WHO EXHIBITS ANY OF THESE SIGNS OR HAS PASSED OUT MAY
DIE IF LEFT UNTREATED. CALL 9-1-1 IMMEDIATELY IF YOU SUSPECT SOMEONE
WITH ALCOHOL POISONING.
CHAPTER 22
LESSON 3 ALCOHOL, THE INDIVIDUAL, & SOCIETY
YOU’LL LEARN TO
• EXAMINE THE EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL USE ON THE BODY SYSTEMS & THE RISK OF DISEASE
CAUSED BY ALCOHOL USE.
• ANALYZE THE HARMFUL EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL ON A FETUS.
• IDENTIFY & ASSESS COMMUNITY HEALTH SERVICES FOR THE PREVENTION AND TREATMENT OF
ALCOHOLISM & ALCOHOL USE
• VOCABULARY- FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME (FAS), ALCOHOLISM, ALCOHOLIC, RECOVERY,
DETOXIFICATION, SOBRIETY
QUICK START
FOLD A SHEET OF PAPER INTO 3 SECTIONS. LABEL THE SECTIONS “PHYSICAL,” “MENTAL/EMOTIONAL,”
AND “SOCIAL.” THEN LIST THE WAYS THAT ALCOHOL USE AFFECTS EACH PART OF THE HEALTH
TRIANGLE.
LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF
ALCOHOL ON THE BODY
•
IN TEENS ALCOHOL USE CAN INTERFERE WITH GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT.
•
EXCESSIVE USE OVER A PROLONGED PERIOD OF TIME CAN
DAMAGE MOST BODY SYSTEMS.
LET’S TAKE A LOOK!
ALCOHOL DURING PREGNANCY
•
WHEN A PREGNANT FEMALE DRINKS SO DOES HER FETUS
•
FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME (FAS), A GROUP OF ALCOHOL-RELATED
BIRTH DEFECTS THAT INCLUDE PHYSICAL AND MENTAL PROBLEMS
•
EFFECTS OF FAS:
•
SMALL HEAD AND DEFORMITIES OF THE FACE, HANDS OR FEET.
•
HEART, LIVER, AND KIDNEY DEFECTS.
•
VISION AND HEARING IMPAIRMENTS.
•
LEARNING DISABILITIES (ATTENTION, MEMORY & PROBLEM SOLVING)
•
LEADING CAUSE OF MENTAL RETARDATION IN THE US
ALCOHOLISM
ALCOHOLISM IS A DISEASE IN WHICH A PERSON HAS A PHYSICAL
OR PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE ON DRINKS THAT CONTAIN
ALCOHOL.
IMPAIRED ABILITY TO STUDY, WORK, OR SOCIALIZE NORMALLY.
ALCOHOLIC IS AN ADDICT WHO IS DEPENDENT ON ALCOHOL.
ALCOHOLIC
MAY DISPLAY HARMFUL BEHAVIORS SUCH AS DRUNK DRIVING, VIOLENT
OR AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR.
MIGHT DISPLAY THESE SYMPTOMS:
•
CRAVING- STRONG NEED TO DRINK
•
LOSS OF CONTROL- CANNOT LIMIT DRINKING, PREOCCUPIED WITH
ALCOHOL
•
PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE- WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS (NAUSEA, SWEATS,
SHAKY, ANXIETY)
•
TOLERANCE- DRINK GREATER AMOUNTS TO FEEL ITS EFFECTS
•
HEALTH, FAMILY, & LEGAL PROBLEMS
STAGES OF ALCOHOLISM
STAGE 1 ABUSE- BEGINS WITH SOCIAL TO RELAX, OVER TIME
DEPENDENCE ON ALCOHOL TO MANAGE STRESS. BECOMES
INTOXICATED REGULARLY & BUILDS A TOLERANCE
STAGE 2 DEPENDENCE- CANNOT STOP DRINKING & IS PHYSICAL
AND PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENT ON THE DRUG.
STAGE 3 ADDICTION- DRINKING IS THE MOST IMPORTANT THING
IN A PERSON’S LIFE. LIFE IS OUT OF CONTROL BUT MAY NOT
REALIZE OR ACKNOWLEDGE IT. IF THE ALCOHOLIC STOPPED
DRINKING, HE OR SHE WOULD EXPERIENCE WITHDRAWAL
SYMPTOMS.
EFFECTS ON FAMILY & SOCIETY
•
14 MILLION ALCOHOLICS IN US
•
ALCOHOL USE IS A MAJOR FACTOR IN THE FOUR LEADING CAUSES
OF ACCIDENTAL DEATH (CAR ACCIDENT, FALLS, DROWNINGS,
HOUSE FIRES)
•
PLAYS A MAJOR ROLE IN VIOLENT CRIME (HOMICIDE, FORCIBLE
RAPE, ROBBERY).
•
40% OF VIOLENT CRIMES ARE ALCOHOL RELATED
•
2/3 OF VICTIMS OF DOMESTIC VIOLENCE
•
NEARLY HALF OF ALL HOMICIDE VICTIMS HAD ALCOHOL IN THEIR
BLOOD STREAM
TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOL ABUSE
CANNOT BE CURED ONLY TREATED.
THE PROCESS OF LEARNING TO LIVE AN ALCOHOL-FREE LIFE IS CALLED
RECOVERY.
THE GOAL OF TREATMENT PROGRAMS IS TO STOP OR CONTROL THE INTAKE
OF ALCOHOL.
SOBRIETY, LIVING WITHOUT ALCOHOL, IS A LIFELONG COMMITMENT.
STEPS TO RECOVERY:
•
ADMISSION
•
DETOXIFICATION- A PROCESS IN WHICH THE BODY ADJUSTS TO
FUNCTIONING WITHOUT ALCOHOL.
•
COUNSELING
•
RECOVERY
WHERE TO GET HELP
•
AL-ANON/ALATEEN
•
ALCOHOLICS ANONYMOUS
•
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR CHILDREN OF ALCOHOLICS
•
NATIONAL CLEARINGHOUSE FOR ALCOHOL & DRUG
INFORMATION
•
NATIONAL DRUG & TREATMENT REFERRAL ROUTING SERVICE