Static
Electricity
By: Annette Miles
http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/static.html
Everything around us is made of atoms.
115
So far, scientists have found only _____
different kinds of atoms. Everything you
see is made of different combinations of
these atoms.
PARTS OF AN ATOM
So, of what are atoms made? In the middle of each
nucleus The nucleus contains two
atom is a _____________.
protons and
kinds of tiny particles, called __________
neutrons Orbiting around the nucleus are even
___________.
smaller particles called ____________.
electrons
The 115 kinds of atoms are different from each
other because they have different
____________
numbers of protons, neutrons and
electrons.
Oxygen atom
Carbon atom
It is useful to think of a model of the atom as
similar to the solar system. The _________
nucleus is
in the center of the atom like the _____
sun is in
the center of the solar system. The
__________
electrons orbit around the nucleus like the
planets around the sun.
________
nucleus
Just like in the solar system, the ________is
large compared to the electrons. The atom is
empty space and the electrons are
mostly ______________,
very far away from the nucleus. While this
model is not completely accurate, we can use
it to help us understand static electricity.
Empty Space
Protons, neutrons and electrons are very different
from each other. They have their own properties, or
characteristics. One of these properties is called an
electrical charge
__________________.
positive (+)
• Protons have what we call a ___________charge.
• Electrons have a ____________charge.
negative (-)
no charge they are neutral.
• Neutrons have ___________;
equal in strength to
The charge of one proton is ______
the charge of one electron. When the number of
protons in an atom equals the number of
electrons, the atom itself has no overall charge; it
is _____________.
neutral
3 protons +
3 electrons
=
Neutral
Charge
The protons and neutrons in the nucleus are held
together very tightly. Normally the nucleus does not
change. But some of the outer electrons are held
very loosely. They can move from one atom to
another. An atom that loses electrons has more
positive charges (protons) than negative charges
(electrons). It is ____________
positively charged.
An atom that gains electrons has more
negative than positive particles. It has a
____________
negative charge. A charged atom is
called an “_________."
ion
Some materials hold their electrons very
tightly. Electrons do not move through
them very well. These things are called
____________.
insulators
Plastic, cloth, glass, and
dry air are good insulators.
Other materials have some loosely held
electrons, which move through them very
conductors
easily. These are called ___________.
Most metals are good conductors.
How can we move electrons from one place to another? One
very common way is to ____
rub two objects together. If they are
made of different materials, and are both insulators, electrons
may be transferred (or moved) from one to the other. The
more rubbing, the more electrons move, and the larger the
static charge that builds up.
Both
objects are
neutral
Balloon is
negatively
charged…the
hand is positively
charged.
imbalance of
Static electricity is the __________
__________
negative charges.
positive and _________
Now, positive and negative charges
behave in interesting ways. Did you ever
hear the saying that opposites attract?
Well, it's true.
Two things with opposite, or different
charges (a positive and a negative) will
attract or pull towards each other.
________
Things with the same charge (two
positives or two negatives) will ______
repel or
push away from each other.
What does that have to do with static electricity in
hair? When you take off your hat, it rubs against
your hair. Electrons move from your hair to the hat.
A static charge builds up and now each of the hairs
has the same positive charge. Remember, things
with the same charge repel each other. So the hairs
try to get as far from each other as possible.
Try rubbing a
balloon vigorously
against your hair.
What happens?
As you walk across a carpet, electrons move
from the rug to you. Now you have extra
electrons and a negative static charge. Touch
a door knob and ZAP! The door knob is a
conductor. The electrons jump from you to
the knob, and you feel the static shock.
We usually only notice static electricity in the
________
winter when the air is very _____.
dry The air is
more humid during the summer. The water in
the air helps electrons move off you more
quickly, so you cannot build up as big of a
static charge.
REVIEW
atoms
1. Everything around us is made of ___________.
nucleus
2. In the middle of an atom is the ___________.
protons and
3. The nucleus is made up of ___________
______________.
neutrons
electrons
4. Orbiting the nucleus are the ____________.
negative charge, and
5. Electrons have a ____________
protons have a ____________
positive charge.
6. When two objects rub together, ___________
electrons
can transfer from one of the objects to the
other.
positive
7. An atom that loses an electron has a __________
charge; an atom that gains an electron has a
___________
negative charge.
8. Static electricity is due to the ____________
imbalance of
positive and negative charges.
9. Two things with opposite charges ___________
attract
while two things with the same charges
________.
repel
RESOURCES
http://www.sciencemadesimple.com/static.html
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mvns&tbnid=cHtRK7rZq9AxWM:&imgrefurl=http://www.ndted.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Electricity/atommodels.htm&docid=1WekoOdXD0SY1M&imgurl=http://www.ndted.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Electricity/Graphics/atom.jpg&w=216&h=212&ei=Pgt_UI71AabO2AXWmIHIBQ&zoom=1&iact
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RESOURCES
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