Chemical Bonding
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Leyda 2012
1. Define compound:
A substance formed when 2 or more
elements combine chemically.
2. Electrons are found outside the nucleus of
an atom. They travel in regions of space
called orbitals.
3. What are valence electrons?
The outermost electrons of an atom.
Why are they important?
The valence electrons help scientists
predict what chemicals will bond
with each other.
4. What determines whether or not an atom
will form a chemical bond?
An atom will form chemical bonds if it
needs to gain or lose electrons to have a
full outer orbital.
5. A Bohr diagram shows
the location of an atom’s
electrons. Begin by putting
the first two electrons in
the first orbital. Then add
up to 8 electrons in the
second orbital. The first
four electrons occupy
separate spaces. The next
four electrons each pair up
with one of the first four.
The third orbital can also
hold 8 electrons.
2 Electrons
First Orbital: __
7 Electrons
 Second Orbital: __
0 Electrons
 Third Orbital: __

family have the
6. Elements in the same _________
same number of valence electrons
noble gas family
7. Atoms of elements in the __________
have filled outermost electron orbitals and
therefore do not form chemical bonds with
other atoms.
8. In order to become stable, atoms will either
gain
lose electrons. An atom will bond
_____ or ________
with another atom if the bonding gives both
full outer orbital
atoms________________________.
9. Atoms that have gain or lost electrons are
ions
called_________.
Chemical Bonding
10. When atoms lose electrons, the form ions
positive charge. When atoms gain
with_________
negative
electrons, they form ions with _________
charge.
11. Atoms on the left side of the periodic table
lose electrons. Atoms on the right
tend to ______
gain
side of the periodic table tend to______
electrons.
Chemical Bonding
1 valence electron(s). It tends to
12. Sodium has __
losing valence electron(s). The
form ions by _______
+1
charge on sodium ion is ____.
13. Predict the charge on ions of the following
elements:
+2 Li__
+1 O__
-2 Si__
+/- 4 Al__
+3 N__
-3 Ne__
0
Cl -1
__ Mg__
Chemical Bonding
14. A bond that involves a transfer of electrons
from one atom to another is called
ionic bond
an_________________.
15. Atoms of a given element always have the
protons but can have
same number of___________,
electrons or _________
neutrons
different numbers of_________
Types of Bonds
gains
16. In an ionic bond, one atom ______electrons
loses
while the other__________
electrons. Thus,
ionic bonds usually form between atoms from
periodic table
opposite sides of_______________.
17. Calcium and chlorine may combine to form
an ionic compound. Predict how atoms of
chlorine would bond with one atom of
2 (Hint: what is the charge on each
calcium.____
Cl-1 _____
Ca2+ )
of the ions involved _____
How many electrons does calcium need to
2 How many electrons does each
gain/lose____
chlorine atom need to gain/lose___
1 )
Types of Bonds
18. A bond that forms when electrons are
covalent
shared between atoms is called a____________
bond
___________.
The shared electrons are in the
outermost energy level of both atoms at the
_____________
positively charged nucleus
same time. The _____________
negatively charged
of both atoms attracts the ___________
electrons that are being shared.
19. What is a diatomic element?
Elements that always exist in nature as
two atoms of the same element
covalently bonded.
Which elements are often found in nature as
diatomic?
O2, H2, Cl2, N2, F2, I2
Types of bonds
20. The combination of atoms formed by a
molecule
covalent bond is called a _______________
and
is represented by a ___________
____________
chemical formula
which contains the symbol of each element
involved in the bond. Following each symbol is
subscript or a small number which
a ____________,
how many atoms of that element
indicates_________________________________
are in each molecule
______________________.
Types of Bonds
21. What is the chemical formula for a
molecule that has one carbon atom and four
chlorineCCl
atoms?__________
4
What is the chemical formula for carbon
CO2
dioxide?( Hint: what does di- mean?) _________
Types of Bonds

Sodium
Extra Practice

Phosphorus
Extra Practice

Beryllium
Extra Practice
Do Not Eat YET!
 Place M&M’s in the
correct orbital(s).
 Then identify how
many valence
electrons the element
has.

M&M Activity
Nitrogen
Lithium
Magnesium
Chlorine
Sodium
Fluorine
Oxygen
Argon