Anatomy of Phonation
Chapter 4
Perry C. Hanavan
Stars
Functions of Larynx
• Phonation
• Sphincter
– Swallowing
• Aspiration (during
swallow)
– Holding breath
Phonation
• Phonation or
voicing
– Vibrating the
vocal folds in
the larynx
– Video Stroboscopy
of the Vocal Cords
• Subglottis
Phonation
• Voiced
• Unvoiced
• Subglottal
Bernoulli
• Bernoulli effect
– Inverse relationship
– Increase in air flow results
in air pressure decrease
– YouTube
– YouTube
Summary of Phonation
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Phonation is the act of voicing
Vocal fold vibrates
Bernoulli effect
Interaction between subglottal
pressure, elasticity of vocal folds, and
Bernoulli
Larynx
• Musculocartilaginous
structure located at
upper end of
trachea
• Valve
• Size varies with
age and gender
Question
Which of the following cartilages of the
larynx consist of pairs (2)?
A. Cricoid
B. Thyroid
C. Arytenoid
D. Corniculate
SMART Response Que
E. Epiglottis
F. Hyoid
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Question
Which of the following is an osseous
structure?
A. Cricoid
B. Thyroid
C. Arytenoid
D. Corniculate
SMART Response Que
E. Epiglottis
F. Hyoid
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Tour of Larynx
• Cartilaginous
structures
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Cricoid
Thyroid
Arytenoid
Corniculate
Epiglottis
Cricoid Cartilage
Aryteniod Cartilages
Crico-Arytenoid Articulation
Thyroid Cartilage
Thyroid/Cricoid Articulation
Tour of Larynx
• Cartilaginous
structures
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Cricoid
Thyroid
Arytenoid
Corniculate
Epiglottis
Tour of Larynx
• Cartilaginous
structures
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Cricoid
Thyroid
Arytenoid
Corniculate
Epiglottis
Valleculae
Valleculae
Osseous Structure
• Hyoid
Question
How many pairs of vocal folds do we have?
A. One
B. Two
C. Three
D. Four
E. Five
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Inside the Larynx
• True vocal folds
• False vocal folds
• Laryngeal ventricle
Zemlin: Tour of the Larynx
Questions
Draw or bring together?
A. Duct
B. Abduct
C. Adduct
D. Induct
E. Subduct
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Vocal Folds
Vocal folds in action
Vocal Folds
Question
Muscles that connect to the same structure
are referred to as ________ muscles.
A. Trinsic
B. Intrinsic
C. Extrinsic
D. Cotrinsic
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E. Subtrinsic
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Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Adducts vocal folds; X cranial nerve
Question
There is only one intrinsic tensor muscle of
the larynx?
True
False
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Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Aux
Add
Add
Aux
Tense
Tense
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscle
• Only abductor
• X cranial nerve
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Question
The text book suggests there are 2 muscles
of the vocal fold?
True
False
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Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
• Thyrovocalis
(vocalis) muscle
tensor
• Thyromuscularis
muscle is relaxor
• (debatable)
Intrinsic Laryngeal Muscles
Is it GERD or Is it?
External Laryngeal Muscles
External Laryngeal Muscles
Vocal Cord Paralysis
Intrinsic Muscles
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Instant Anatomy
UAMS Anatomy
Intrinsic Muscles
Intrinsic Muscles
Disorders of Voice
Extrinsic Muscles
• Larynx Anatomy Made Easy
• Extrinsic & Intrinsic Muscles
• Discover the Larynx
Joints
• Discover the Larynx
• Zemlin Slides
Nerves
• Discover the Larynx
Common Disorders
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University of Pittsburgh
Vocal Surgery
Pre-vocal surgery
Cancer
ENT Surgery