非谓语动词
Non-Predicate Verbs
不定式、动名词和分词
Infinitives, Gerunds
and Participles
非谓语动词作主语
Non-predicate verbs as the subject
不定式和动名词可以在句中充当主语，但分
词不可以。
 现在分词和动名词的区别：e.g.
 a walking stick vs. a walking man
 不定式一般表示具体或一次性动作，而动名
词则表示一般或抽象的多次动作。


___ is not a serious disadvantage in life.
A) To be not tall
 C) Being not tall

B) Not to be tall
D) Not being tall
不定式和动名词都可以用it来代替作形式主语，
但在含有no, -less等否定词的句子里， 常用
动名词作主语。
 It is difficult to finish the work in one
hour.
 It is useless talking with her.
 It is no good discussing with her.


含否定意义的短语如：no use, such a pity,
a waste of time, not an easy task.
如果主语和表语都是非谓语动词，两者应保
持同样的形式（平行结构）。
 To see is to believe.
 Seeing is believing.

非谓语动词作宾语
Non-predicate verbs as the object
 不定式和动名词可以在句中充当宾语，但分
词不可以。
 不定式表示“未完成的”或者“未发生的”
动作，动名词表示“已完成的”或“已发生
的”动作。
 有些词如like, hate, prefer 后面，若表示一
般倾向，多用动名词，若表示特定的具体的
行为，多用不定式。
I don’t regret ____ the offer, for it was not
where my interest lay.
 A) not to accept
 B) not having accepted
 C) having not accepted
 D) not accepting

非谓语动词作补语
Non-predicate verbs as the complement
The Minister of Finance is believed ____
of imposing new taxes to raise extra
revenue.
 A) that he is thinking
 B) to be thinking
 C) that he is to think
 D) to think

非谓语动词作状语
Non-predicate verbs as the adverbial
主语应与分词保持一致。
 ？Hearing the terrible news, her eyes
were filled with tears.
 非谓语动词作主语和状语时，若要使用其否
定形式，则需要将否定词放在整个非谓语动
词结构之前。

____, he can now only watch it on TV at
home.
 A) Obtaining not a ticket for the match
 B) Not obtaining a ticket for the match
 C) Not having obtained a ticket for the
match
 D) Not obtained a ticket for the match

当不定式和分词有了自己的主语，便构成了
不定式和分词的独立结构。
 We divided the work, he to clean the
table and I to move the box. (表伴随情况)

现在分词的独立结构
Absolute Construction of present
participles
 1) 表时间。
 The dark clouds having dispersed, the
sun shone again.
2) 表原因。
 The monitor being ill, we’d better put the
meeting off.

3) 表条件。
 Time permitting, we will have a meeting.

4) 表方式和伴随情况。
 Their room was on the third floor, its
window overlooking the playground.
 He guiding her, they stumbled through
the street.

现在分词独立结构之前可用介词with, 比较口
语化。
 With Mr. Ade taking the lead, they
decided to set up a trading company.
 We went into a large waiting room with a
large fan spinning overhead.

过去分词的独立结构
Absolute Construction of past participles
This done, we went home.
 All our savings gone, we started looking
for jobs.
 It rained and rained, vehicles bogged
down and bridges washed out.

Practice
There are only ten apples left in the
baskets, ____ the spoilt ones.
 A) not counting
B) not to count
 C) don’t count
D) having not counted

What’s the chance of ________ a general
election this year?
 A. there being
B. there to be
 C. there be
D. there going to be

If not ____ with the respect he feels due
to him, Jack gets very ill-tempered and
grumbles all the time.
 A. being treated
B. treated
 C. be treated
 D. having been treated

Agriculture is the country’s chief source
of wealth, wheat ____ by far the biggest
cereal crop.
 A. is
B. been
C. be D. being

AIDS is said ___ the number-one killer of
both men and women over the past few
years in that region.
 A. being
B. to be
 C. to have been
D. having been

There___ nothing more for discussion,
the meeting came to an end half an hour
earlier.
 A. to be
B. to have been
 C. being
D. be

___ at in this way, the present economic
situation doesn’t seem so gloomy.
 A. Looking
B. Looked
 C. Having looked
D. To look

The three men tried many times to sneak
across the border into the neighboring
country, ___ by the police each time.
 A. had been captured
 B. being always captured
 C. only to be captured
 D. unfortunately captured

____ enough time and money, the
researchers would have been able to
discover more in this field.
 A) Giving
B) To give
 C) Given
D) Being given

The opening ceremony is a great
occasion. It is essential ____ for that.
 A) for us to be prepared
 B) that we are prepared
 C) of us to be prepared
 D) our being prepared

It is not uncommon for there ____
problems of communication between the
old and the young.
 A) being
B) would be
 C) be
D) to be
