Present Tenses
Present Simple: ve třetí osobě j.č. se přidává -s / -es, v ostatních osobách
zůstává sloveso ve svém základním tvaru
I
you
go / do / write / sing / hurry / play
he
she
goes / does / writes / sings / hurries / plays
it
we
you
go / do / write / sing / hurry / play
they
otázky a krátké odpovědi se tvoří pomocí pomocného slovesa DO, DON´T
Do you go to school? – Yes, I do. / No, I don´t.
Does she sing well? – Yes, she does. / No, she doesn´t.
Do they play tennis? – Yes, they do. / No, they don´t.
zápor: He doesn´t go to work. We don´t go school.
Present Continuous: složený slovesný tvar, skládá se z příslušného
tvaru slovesa to be a slovesa zakončeného příponou –ing
I
am
You
are
He
is
She
is
It
is
We
are
You
are
They
are
reading a book at the moment.
otázky se tvoří převrácením slovosledu:
Is he reading a book?
Are they reading a book?
Present tense contrast
Present Simple - usage:
• when we speak about situations / states that
are true at the present time or usually true
(permanent)
She works in an office.
We visit our friends every weekend.
• when we speak about schedules, timetables
etc.
The train arrives at half past two.
Our plane takes off at midnight.
• with adverbs of frequency (always, never,
often, sometimes etc.)
I always get up at 6 a.m.
• when we speak about habitual and repeated
actions / events
It rains a lot here.
• when we speak about facts that are always
true
The sun rises in the east.
Present Continuous - usage
 for situations / states that are true for a
limited period (temporary)
I’m living in Hamburg at the moment.
He is working on an international project this
month.
 for actions in progress at the moment of
speaking
Oh no! It’s raining again!
Hi, what are you doing? – I’m cooking the dinner.
 for situations / states that are changing
Our summers are getting hotter.
The population is increasing.
 with always, to show that st happens often
and is surprising or annoying
I’m always losing my keys!
State verbs
•
•
•
•
•
•
verbs that describe states (popisují stavy = „stavová“)
are not usually used in the continuous form
there are several groups of state verbs
mental / thinking verbs : agree, believe,
know, remember, think, understand, forget
attitude verbs : hate, like, love, need,
prefer, want, wish
sense / perception verbs : hear, see, smell,
taste
appearance, qualities : appear, look (seem),
seem, sound
being, possession : be, belong, contain,
have, own
other : cost, fit, mean, owe,
Examples:
I’m sorry, I don’t understand.
Your job sounds really interesting.
He owes me £200.
Does this car belong to you?
I don’t agree with you.
The soup tastes awful!
Sophie thinks I watch too much television.
Excuse me, how much do these DVDs cost?
I know him quite well.
Paul loves Jane.
He has two brothers.
Word order with time expressions
• with most verbs we put the time expression
before the main verb:
He never travels by bus.
• we put the time expression after the verb to
be and auxiliary verbs:
She is often late for class.
We don´t always have lunch at home.
• we put longer expressions at the end of the
sentence:
My sister and I go to the cinema every Friday.