TURBINE
&
COOLING SYSTEM
.
Presented By – AVIJEET PRATAP
07ME12
IET AGRA
DEFINITION
A Turbine is a Form of Engine Requires a suitable
working fluid in order to function- a source of High
Grade Energy and a Sink for Low Grade energy. When
a Fluid Flows through the Turbine ,Part of Energy
Content is Continuously Extracted and Converted in to
Useful mechanical Work.
PRICIPLE OF STEAM TURBINE
Steam turbine depends completely upon the dynamic
action of the steam. According to Newton’s second law of motion, the FORCE is
proportional to the rate of change of MOMENTUM (mass x velocity). If the rate of
change of momentum is caused in the steam by allowing a high velocity jet of steam
to pass over curved blade, the steam will impart a force to the blade. If the blade is
free, it will free off (rotate) in the direction of force.
mc1
Moving Blade
Force = mc1 - mc2
mc2
The steam from the boiler is expanded in a passage or nozzle , where due
to fall in pressure of steam is converted into Kinetic energy of steam & this KE of
steam is converted into work moving blade
TYPES OF TURBINE
On the basis of principle of operation
Impulse turbine
Reaction turbine
Impulse- Reaction turbine
Impulse Turbine .. In impulse the drop in pressure of steam takes
place only in nozzle & not in moving blades. This is obtained by making
the blade passage of constant cross section area it may be noted that
energy transformation takes place only in nozzles. Moving blades only
cause energy transfer.
X
X
X
Reaction turbine:Pressure drop take place in rotor (M.B.). Energy
transformation takes place in rotor. Energy transfer only in
rotor.
Impulse- Reaction turbine:In this turbine drop in pressure of steam takes
place in fixed blade as well as moving blade. It may be
noted that energy transformation occur in both fixed blade
& moving blade. The rotor blade cause energy transfer &
energy transformation.
COMPOUNDING
Compounding of Impulse turbine :One row of nozzles followed by one row of
blades is called a stage of turbines. Compounding
is a method for reducing the rotational speed of
the impulse turbine to practical limit. Boiler
pressure down to condenser pressure in a single
stages so high RPM & large diameter of turbine.
Three type of compounding
Pressure compounding
Velocity compounding
Pr & velocity compounding
STEAM SUPPLY
HP
IP
CRH
HRH
LP-A
CONDENSER
BOILER
LP-B
CONDENSER
G
~
CROSS SECTIONAL VIEW OF TURBINE
COOLING SYSTEM
.
CIRCULATING WATER SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
. Circulating Water system supplies cooling water to the
turbine condenser. .
• It is used to maintain the vacuum in the condenser.
Types of Circulating water system
1. Open or Once Through
It is used when there is a large source of water
available.
e.g.- river , ocean.
2. Closed Cooling system
In this system, warm water from condenser is
passed through a cooling device, like cooling tower.
Exhaust Stem from Turbine
Condenser
Filter
Condensate
Condensate
Pump
CW
Pump
Hot water
River
Open or Once Through
Exhaust Stem from Turbine
Condenser
Condensate
to boiler
Condensate
Pump
Cooling water
Hot air
Hot water
Cooling Tower
CW
Pump
Closed Cooling system
Make up water
from river
Cooling tower
• It cools the warm water discharged from the
condenser & feed the cool water back to the
condenser.
• It reduces the cooling water demand in the power
plant.
Types of cooling tower
1. Natural Draught Cooling Tower
2. Mechanical Draught Cooling Tower
A. Forced Draught Cooling Tower
B. Induced Draught Cooling Tower
Losses in cooling tower
1. Evaporation Losses
2. Drift Losses
3. Blowdown Losses
LUBE OIL SYSTEM
13 April 2015
TURBINE LUBE OIL SYSTEM
1.FLOW DIAGRAM OF LUBE OIL SYSTEM
2.NECESSITY OF LUBE OIL SYSTEM
3.COMPONENTS OF LUBE OIL SYSTEM
4.FUNCTIONS OF INDIVIDUAL
COMPONENTS OIL
5.FLOW TO DIFFERENT BRANCHES
6.FIRE PROTECTIONS
• Lubrication :
To supplies oil to the bearing to form a film
of oil as the shaft rotates.
• Temperature control :
To maintain temperature of the
bearing.
• Sealing medium :
To the prevent H2 leak out along the
Generator shaft.
• Jacking of shaft : Supply to jacking device.
13 April 2015
COMPONENTS OF LUBE OIL SYSTEM
The system mainly consists of Main oil pump, BOP,
main oil tank, AC lubricant pump, DC emergency oil
pump,MSP, spill valve, oil cooler, Transfer valve, oil
smoke separator, shaft jacking up device, oil hydrogen
separator, oil level indicator as well as connecting lines,
monitoring instruments, etc.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The oil tank adopts a combination mode as various
devices allocated on the tank as
AC lube oil pump,
DC emergency oil pump,
Oil smoke separator,
Oil level indicator,
Electric heater,
Spill valve,
BOP
MSP
13 April 2015
SEAL OIL SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
Hydrogen is used for the cooling of generator rotor. Hydrogen
is so much explosive when it come into contact with air . To
save this hydrogen from explosion we need sealing of this
hydrogen. For this purpose we generally use oil. This sealing
is very much similar to sealing of the pump on its gland.
The functions of the seal oil
control system
• Providing seal oil to a sealing continuously
•
Prevent the escape of hydrogen gas from the generator
at the point of rotor exit . A continuous film between the
rotor collar and seal liner is maintaining by means of oil at
a pressure which is slightly above then hydrogen pressure.
STATOR WATER COOLING
SYSTEM
FUNCTION
The Stator Coil Cooling Water System main function
is to guarantee cooling water uninterrupted flow
into stator coil. At the same time, the system
also must control enter the stator coil water
pressure , flow, temperature, conductivity
System consists of
2 Motor driven pumps,
2 Coolers,
2 Filters and
1 mixed Bed type Ion Exchanger.
EE OF Gen.
Teflon tubes
Winding
TE of Gen
Expansion
tank
Hot water output to
Expansion tank
Cold water enter
Generator
Turbine end
Excitation End