Chapter 13 North and South
(1820-1860)
Section 3 Southern Cotton
Kingdom
What do you think contributed most to the
continued use of enslaved workers in the South?
A. The invention of the cotton gin
B. The rise of cotton as the dominant
cash crop in the South
0%
0%
0%
D
A
B
C
D
C
0%
A
D. The lack of industry and
factory work in the South
A.
B.
C.
D.
B
C. The sparse population of
the South
How did the South’s industry and
economy differ from the industry and
economy of the North?
Rise of the Cotton Kingdom
• Eli Whitney’s cotton
gin transformed
cotton production
• To the South it was
the “most perfect
and the most
valuable invention”
• 1790- The South
was an
underdeveloped
agricultural region
• In 1790, most
Southerners lived in
Maryland, Virginia,
and North Carolina
(Upper South)
Changes in the South
• 1850- Population
spread inland to the
Deep South
• Georgia, South
Carolina, Alabama,
Louisiana, and Texas
• The economy was
thriving
• But DEPENDED on
slavery
• Slavery was growing
stronger than ever in
the South
• Due to cotton
Cotton Rules the Deep South
• In colonial times, the
main crops of the South
were…
• Tobacco, Rice, and
Indigo
• After the American
Revolution, the demand
for these crops
decreased
• European mills wanted
Southern cotton
• Cotton took a lot of work
to produce and workers
had to separate the
sticky seeds from the
cotton fibers
Making Cotton Production Easier
• With Eli Whitney’s cotton gin a
worker could produce 50 times
more each day
• Because the cotton gin processed
cotton fibers so quickly, farmers
wanted to grow more cotton to
increase their profits
• Southern planters depended on
slave labor to plant and pick their
cotton
• The Upper South produced
tobacco, hemp, wheat, and
vegetables
• The Deep South was COMMITTED
to cotton
• The value on enslaved people
increased
• The Upper South became a center
for the sale and transport of
enslaved people
By how much did Whitney’s cotton gin
increase production of cotton per day?
A. 10 times more
B. 50 times more
0%
D
C
B
D. It did not increase cotton
production at all.
A. A
B. B
0% C.
0% C0%
D. D
A
C. 100 times more
Industry in the South
• Very little manufacturing took
place in the South
• The entire South had a lower
value of manufactured goods
than the state of Pennsylvania
• There were many barriers to
industry in the South
• 1. Cotton was so valuable (Main
reason)
• 2. There was a lack of capital
(Would have to sell slaves to
build factories)
• 3. The market for manufactured
goods in the South was small
(Enslaved people didn’t have
money)
• 4. Southerners simply didn’t
want industry
• “As long as we have our rice,
our sugar, our tobacco and our
cotton, we can command wealth
to produce all we want”
What was the main reason that the Southern
economy remained largely agricultural?
A. Southerners lacked the
capital to start industries.
B. Cotton sales were very
profitable.
D.
0%
D
0%
C
0%
B
0%
A
C.
A. A
Southerners refused to
B. B
work in factories.
C. C
Costs to ship goods to markets were too high.
D. D
Southern Factories
• Some Southern leaders
wanted to develop industry in
the South
• They realized they depended
too much on the North for
manufactured goods
• They also said the factories
would help the less
prosperous economy of the
Upper South
• William Gregg (S.C.) opened
his own textile factory
• Joseph Reid Anderson (Va)
took over the Tredegar Iron
Works
• During the Civil War, Tredegar
provided artillery and other
iron products for the Southern
forces
• These industries were the
exception rather than the rule
in the South
Southern Transportation
• Natural rivers were used
for transportation in the
South
• Most towns were located
on the coast or by rivers
• Few canals existed and
roads were poor
• The South had fewer
railroads than the North
• Southern railroads were
short, local, and not
interlinked
• Only 1/3 of the nation’s
rail lines were in the
South
• This rail shortage would
seriously hinder the
South during the Civil
War
How did the South’s industry and economy
differ from the industry and economy of the
North?
-The South’s economy was based on
agriculture/ The North’s economy was based
on industry
-The South’s economy depended on slavery,
while slavery had almost disappeared in the
North
The demand for cotton from the
South came from mills in
th
e
si
a
A
ro
p
ex
25% 25%
e
25%
No
rt
h
ic
o
25%
Eu
Mexico
the North
Europe
Asia
M
A.
B.
C.
D.
s
ro
ad
er
s
r iv
s
ilr
oa
d
ra
ca
na
ls
A shortage of what would have devastating
consequences for the South during the Civil
War?
A. canals
25% 25% 25% 25%
B. railroads
C. rivers
D. roads
What did the thriving economy
of the South depend on?
ilr
oa
d
ra
er
y
av
25%
s
25%
e
25%
sl
ba
c
co
25%
r ic
tobacco
rice
slavery
railroads
to
A.
B.
C.
D.
Which of the following kept the price of
cotton high in the years before 1860?
cotton gin
demand in Europe
slavery
large plantations
ns
pl
an
la
rg
e
in
d
m
an
de
ta
tio
er
y
av
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n
Eu
ro
p
e
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n
25% 25% 25% 25%
co
A.
B.
C.
D.
ar
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in
a
a
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ui
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ee
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er
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h
ou
th
Which area became a center for the sale
and transport of enslaved people throughout
the South?
A. Deep South
25% 25% 25% 25%
B. Upper South
C. Louisiana
D. South Carolina
The main crop of the Deep
South was
sugarcane.
tobacco.
cotton.
rice.
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co
.
co
ba
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to
ga
rc
a
ne
.
25% 25% 25% 25%
su
A.
B.
C.
D.
The entire South had a lower value
of manufactured goods than
Rhode Island.
Pennsylvania.
Ohio.
Massachusetts.
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a.
25% 25% 25% 25%
R
A.
B.
C.
D.
What South Carolina merchant
opened a textile factory?
A. William Gregg
B. Joseph Reid
Anderson
C. Eli Whitney
D. Eyre Crowe
Jo
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25% 25% 25% 25%
Participant Scores
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