idtech
S. Y. 2 0 1 1 - 2 0 1 2
Principles of
Design Essentials
of the Structure
• INVISIBLE STRCUTURE
the plan is the beginning of the structure.
From within
to
without
VISIBLE STRUCTURE
FORM
-direction
-shape
SURFACE
-texture
-tone
-color
• FORM – the primary identifying characteristic of a volume, it is
determined by the shapes and interrelationships of the plans that
describe the boundaries of the volume.
“general to the particular” , mass to detail
• MASS - a shape or three-dimensional volume that has or gives the
illusion of having weight, density, and bulk.
• VOLUME - The amount of space occupied by a three-dimensional
object or region of space, expressed in cubic units.
VISIBLE STRUCUTRE
-direction
Vertical
Dominant vertical with
horizontals
Horizontal
Major & two minor horizontals
VISUAL PROPERTIES OF FORM
The principal identifying characteristic of form
Shape
The real dimension of form
Size
The hue, intensity and total value
Color
The surface characteristic of form
Texture
The form’s location relative to its
Position
environment or visual field
The form’s position relative to the
Orientation ground plane. Compass point
The degree of concentration
Visual Inertial and stability of form
•
VISUAL PROPERTIES OF FORM
a. Shape – the principal identifying
characteristic of form.
circle – is centralized, introverted figure that
is normally stable and self centering in
its environment.
triangle – signifies stability when resting on one of
its sides but tends to fall over onto one of its sides.
square – represents the pure and national. It is
static and neutral figure having no preferred
direction
PLATONIC SOLIDS
SPHERE Rak Convention and
Exhibition Center, UAE
By: Ras Al Khaimah
By: C Ledoux
PLATONIC SOLIDS
CYLINDER
Rotonda de la Villette, Paris
by: Arch. C. Ledoux
Chapel of MIT
by: Arch Eero Saarimen
PLATONIC SOLIDS
CONICAL
Museum of Glass
Metropolitan
Cathedral, Rio,
Brazil
TRANSFORMATION OF FORMS
DIMENSIONAL TRANSFORMATION
ADDITIVE TRANSFORMATION
SUBTRACTIVE TRANSFORMATION
• ADDITIVE FORMS
by SPATIAL TENSION – two forms relatively close to
each other, or share a common visual traits such as
shape, material of color
• ADDITIVE FORMS
by EDGE TO EDGE CONTACT – to forms share
a common edge, and can pivot about an edge
Claude-Nicolas-Ledoux-Architecture
• ADDITIVE FORMS
by FACE TO FACE CONTACT – two forms to have
flat, planar surface that are parallel to each other.
• ADDITIVE FORMS
by INTERLOCKING VOLUMES – two forms
interpenetrate each other’s space
• FIVE DIAGRAMS OF FORMS
CENTRALIZED FORMS – a number of secondary forms
clustered about dominant, central, parent forms.
• FIVE DIAGRAMS OF FORMS
LINEAR FORMS – consist of forms arranged
sequentially in a row.
• FIVE DIAGRAMS OF FORMS
RADIAL FORMS – composition of linear forms
that extend outward from central forms in radial
manner.
• FIVE DIAGRAMS OF FORMS
CLUSTERED FORMS – consist of forms that are
grouped together by proximity or sharing of a
common visual trait.
Same Shape
Same Shape
different sizes
same size
• FIVE DIAGRAMS OF FORMS
GRID FORMS – modular forms whose
relationship are regulated by three dimensional
grids.