Skeletal System
4 Functions of the Skeletal
System
1. Supports the body.
The backbone is the
main support center for
the upper body. It holds
your head up and
protects your spinal
cord.
2. Protects internal
organs: The bones of
your skull protect your
brain. Your ribs protect
your lungs and heart
from injury
Muscle attached to
bones!!
4 Functions of the Skeletal
System
3. Works with Muscles to
produce movement:
Skeletal system provides
points of attachment for
muscles. Your legs and
arms move when the
muscles pull on the bones.
4. Makes Blood: Red and
white blood cells are
formed by tissue called
marrow, which is in the
center of the bone.
Bone Structure
• Typical Four Layers:
– Periosteum:
• Covers Bones
– Compact Bone:
• Lies beneath the
periosteum
– Spongy Bone:
• Lies beneath the
compact bone
– Bone Marrow:
• Fills the gaps
between the spongy
bone
Spongy Bone
Compact Bone
Bone Marrow /Marrow Cavity
Bones of the Cranium
• Some are thicker
than others!!!
Parietal Bone
Cranium BonesParietal Bone
Frontal Bone
Occipital Bone
Temporal
Bone
Cranium
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Mandible
The mandible is the largest and
strongest bone of the face.
?
What else is it
called?
Maxilla
Cranium
Mandible
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Clavicle or Collarbone
• The clavicle, or
collar bone, holds
the shoulder joint
away from the rest
of the upper body
and is only as thick
as your little finger.
Cranium
Mandible
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Clavicle
Scapula
• The scapula is
located on the back
side of the ribcage
and helps provide
part of the shoulder
joint and movement
for the arms.
Cranium
Scapula
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Mandible
Clavicle
Vertebral column
Also known as the spine, or
vertebrae.
A column usually
consisting of 24
articulating
vertebrae
Cranium
Scapula
Vertebrae
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Mandible
Clavicle
Coccyx and Sacrum
Cranium
Scapula
Vertebrae
Coccyx
Sacrum
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Mandible
Clavicle
Humerus (Upper Arm Bone)
Cranium
Scapula
Humerus
Vertebrae
Coccyx
Sacrum
Phalanges
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Mandible
Clavicle
Radius and Ulna
• Radius on Top
• Ulna on Bottom
Cranium
Scapula
Mandible
Clavicle
Humerus
Vertebrae
Coccyx
Sacrum
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Radius
Ulna
Carpals or (Wrist Bones)
Cranium
Scapula
Mandible
Clavicle
Humerus
Vertebrae
Coccyx
Carpels (Wristbone)
Sacrum
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Radius
Ulna
Metacarpals (Top of Hands)
Cranium
Scapula
Mandible
Clavicle
Humerus
Vertebrae
Coccyx
Carpels (Wristbone)
Sacrum
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Radius
Ulna
Metacarpals
Phalanges (Little Fingers)
Cranium
Scapula
Mandible
Clavicle
Humerus
Vertebrae
Coccyx
Carpels (Wristbone)
Sacrum
Phalanges
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Radius
Ulna
Metacarpals
Rib Cage
Cranium
Scapula
Humerus
Vertebrae
Coccyx
Carpels (Wristbone)
Sacrum
Phalanges
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Mandible
Clavicle
Rib Cage
Radius
Ulna
Metacarpals
Sternum (Breastbone)
Cranium
Scapula
Mandible
Clavicle
Sternum (Breastbone)
Humerus
Vertebrae
Coccyx
Carpels (Wristbone)
Sacrum
Phalanges
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Rib Cage
Radius
Ulna
Metacarpals
Pelvis (Dancing Bone)
Cranium
Scapula
Mandible
Clavicle
Sternum (Breastbone)
Humerus
Vertebrae
Pelvis
Coccyx
Carpels (Wristbone)
Sacrum
Phalanges
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Rib Cage
Radius
Pelvis
Ulna
Metacarpals
Femur
(Largest Bone in the Body)
Cranium
Scapula
Mandible
Clavicle
Sternum (Breastbone)
Humerus
Vertebrae
Pelvis
Coccyx
Carpels (Wristbone)
Sacrum
Phalanges
Rib Cage
Radius
Pelvis
Ulna
Metacarpals
Femur
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
The Tibia and Fibula
Cranium
Scapula
Mandible
Clavicle
Sternum (Breastbone)
Humerus
Vertebrae
Pelvis
Coccyx
Carpels (Wristbone)
Sacrum
Phalanges
Rib Cage
Radius
Pelvis
Ulna
Metacarpals
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Tarsals
Cranium
Scapula
Mandible
Clavicle
Sternum (Breastbone)
Humerus
Vertebrae
Pelvis
Coccyx
Carpels (Wristbone)
Sacrum
Phalanges
Rib Cage
Radius
Pelvis
Ulna
Metacarpals
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsales
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Metatarsals
Cranium
Scapula
Mandible
Clavicle
Sternum (Breastbone)
Humerus
Vertebrae
Pelvis
Coccyx
Carpels (Wristbone)
Sacrum
Phalanges
Rib Cage
Radius
Pelvis
Ulna
Metacarpals
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Metatarsales
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Tarsales
Phalanges
Cranium
Scapula
Mandible
Clavicle
Sternum (Breastbone)
Humerus
Vertebrae
Pelvis
Coccyx
Carpels (Wristbone)
Sacrum
Phalanges
Rib Cage
Radius
Pelvis
Ulna
Metacarpals
Femur
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Metatarsales
Picture from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/labeled-human-skeleton-diagram.html
Tarsales
Phalanges
The Connectors of the Body
• Ligaments: Connect
bone to bone
The Connectors of the Body!!
• Tendon: Attaches muscles to bones
The Connectors of the Body
• Cartilage: It acts as a cushion between
bones at a joint and protects the bones.
Joints of the Body
• Ball and Socket
Joint: Round end of
bone fitting snuggly
within another
bone.
– Ex. Shoulder and
Hip
Joints of the Body
• Hinge Joint:
Movement at joint in
one direction like a
door.
– Ex. Knee and Elbow
Joints of the Body
• Pivot Joint: one
bone rotates in the
ring of another bone.
– Ex. Neck, Wrist and
Ankles
Joints of the Body
• Gliding Joint: Bones
glide over another
bone.
– Ex. Knuckles
Problems of the Skeletal
System
• Fracture: Break
• Dislocation: Out of
joint
Problems of the Skeletal
System
• Sprain: Swelling in
the joint
• Arthritis: Inflamed
and stiff joints
Problems of the Skeletal
System!!
• Scoliosis: Curvature
of the spine
• Osteoporosis:
Brittle bones