PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
Intolerable
Description
ALARP = As Low As Reasonably Practicable
Tolerable if
ALARP
The ALARP principle is that the residual risk shall be as
low as reasonably practicable
Broadly
acceptable
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
2
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
Risk reducing measure
(risk reduction)
Description
ALARP = As Low As Reasonably Practicable
Original risk
The ALARP principle is that the residual risk shall be as
low as reasonably practicable
Residual risk
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
3
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
•
Usually talking about:
- Tolerable (acceptable - green)
- Intolerable (unacceptable - red)
•
And then…
- ALARP (control to ALARP/acceptable if ALARP - yellow)
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What is ALARP?
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
4
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
•
When is a risk tolerable (acceptable)?
•
What is a risk intolerable (unacceptable)?
•
How much risk reduction is possible?
•
How safe is safe enough?
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
5
INTOLERABLE RISK
•
In the intolerable risk region the risk cannot be
accepted and it is thus necessary to reduce the risk and
make it tolerable through implementation of risk
reducing measures (RRMs) or re-design.
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
6
TOLERABLE IF ALARP
•
In the tolerable risk region (often referred to as the
ALARP region) attempts should be made to reduce risk.
Risk in this region can only be accepted if it can be
demonstrated that risk is ALARP, i.e. that all reasonably
practicable measures have been implemented to reduce
risk.
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
7
BROADLY ACCEPTABLE
•
In the broadly acceptable region the risk is acceptable and no further
risk reduction is required. It should be noted that in some countries
there is no lower limit defining acceptable risk. Consequently, risks
below the intolerable limit shall be demonstrated to be ALARP.
•
According to the ALARP principle risks that are in the tolerable region
must be reduced further if not disproportionally costly, compared to
the risk reduction. The ALARP principle is applicable both in relation to
qualitative risk acceptance criteria (e.g. a risk matrix) and quantitative
acceptance criteria (used e.g. in QRAs).
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
8
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP - WORKFLOW
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
9
ALARP
SHEET
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
Probability/frequency
Risk matrix
Severe
Significant
Moderate
Minor
Negligible
Very
Unlikely Possible
unlikely
Likely
Very
likely
Consequence
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
12
OPERATOR INTERFACE WITH DESIGN
HAZID
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
13
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
•
Origin from the U.K. where it is a legal requirement
•
Different approaches through the world
•
In Denmark offshore Health and Safety Cases need to present ALARP justification
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For a risk to be ALARP it must be possible to demonstrate that the cost involved in reducing the risk further would be
grossly disproportionate to the benefit gained. The ALARP principle arises from the fact that infinite time, effort and
money could be spent on the attempt of reducing a risk to zero.
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
•
In the great majority of cases, we can achieve
ALARP by referring to existing ‘good practice’.
•
For high hazards and complex situations, we build
on “good practice”, using more formal decision
making techniques, including cost-benefit analysis,
to present ALARP.
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
•
In essence, making sure a risk has been reduced ALARP is about weighing the risk against the cost (or effort or time or
technical difficulties) needed to further reduce it. The decision is weighted in favour of health and safety because the
presumption is that the stakeholder should implement the risk reduction measure.
•
The majority of risks we face are already at this ALARP level and we accept them relatively unconsciously. For most of
us in our everyday lives, the risk of being pick-pocketed is so low, that we don’t feel the need to carry cash in separate
pockets or hidden money belts. We similarly manage slightly higher risks, such as crossing the road, by routine
procedures that we were taught as children.
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
INTRODUCTION TO ALARP
•
In the end, two conflicting objectives need to be balanced: We have a desire to do everything physically possible to
remove all risks. The reality is that we have limited resources and that it is nearly always not practical (nor physically
possible) to remove all risk.
•
The question is then: How much risk do we remove before we stop? How do we balance the two objectives?
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The level where we stop is defined by an acceptance criterion OR the ALARP principle!
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014
END ALARP
INOGATE PIPELINE QRA SEMINAR
SEPTEMBER 8-12, 2014