Trevor Lewis
What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
There are many minor changes. In general, they are trying
to make the rules say better what most people thought they
meant anyway – and to remove inconsistencies. ►
These changes include some minor game changes.►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
The Full Works
Mainly for Competitors
Mainly for Organizing Authorities and Race
Committees
Mainly for Protest Committees
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
There is a new general statement at the start of the rules:
‘As the leading authority for the sport, the International Sailing
Federation promotes and supports the protection of the environment in
all sailing competitions and related activities throughout the world.’ ►
There is a new Basic Principle:
ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY
Participants are encouraged to minimise any adverse environmental
impact of the sport of sailing. ►
There is a new rule that applies at all times when boats are on the water:
55
TRASH DISPOSAL
A competitor shall not intentionally put trash in the water. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
CONTENTS
There is an index of ISAF online rules documents
The RYA has added in YR1 (the RYA version of the rule book) a
statement explaining the status of the Equipment Rules of Sailing ►
There is a new kiteboarding Appendix F, and old Appendix F,
Procedures for Appeals and Requests becomes Appendix R ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
INTRODUCTION
In Terminology, a ‘vessel’ is clarified to mean any boat or ship.
Excluding appendices, the word vessel is used in: ►
-The definition Obstruction
- Rule 1.1, Helping Those in Danger
- Rule 23, Capsized, Anchored or Aground; Rescuing
- The preamble to Part 2
- Rule 41(b), Outside Help
- Rule 42.3(g), Propulsion
- Rule 42.3(h), Propulsion
- Rule 47.2, Limitations on Equipment and Crew
- Rule 62.1(b), Redress ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
There are six changes to definitions:
Definition Finish
The words ‘…crosses the finishing line in the direction of the course
from the last mark…’ are simplified to crosses the finishing line from
the course side. No change of meaning is intended. ►
A third case of a boat that has crossed the finishing line but has not
finished is added – where the boat continues to sail the course. This
addresses a conceptual difficulty of a course that includes (typically)
‘starting / finishing line’ at the end of each lap. ►
It also deals with a course where the finishing line is away from the
rest of the course – e.g., it is laid to windward of the windward mark –
and the leading boat miscounts her laps, sails to cross the finishing
line too early, realises her mistake and returns to do another lap. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
The definition Keep Clear now says:
A boat keeps clear of a right-of-way boat
(a) if the right-of-way boat can sail her course with no need to take
avoiding action and
(b) when the boats are overlapped, if the right-of-way boat can also
change course in both directions without immediately making
contact. ►
The test of keeping clear remains in two parts (which are now
separated for clarity). The first line now reminds us that keeping clear
is relevant only when near a right-of-way boat – no change. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Keep Clear
A boat keeps clear of a right-of-way boat
(a) if the right-of-way boat can sail her course with no need to take
avoiding action ►
There is no change to this first part of the keep-clear test, which
applies in all cases. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Keep Clear
A boat keeps clear of a right-of-way boat
(a) if the right-of-way boat can sail her course with no need to take
avoiding action and ►
(b) when the boats are overlapped, if the right-of-way boat can also
change course in both directions without immediately making
contact. ►
(b) is for situations where boats are sailing on similar headings – the
right-of-way boat will be able to sail her course with no need to take
avoiding action, but the other boat could be too close. ►
There is a small game change in this second part of the test – it now
applies to boats that are overlapped on opposite tacks. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Keep Clear
A boat keeps clear of a right-of-way boat … (b) when the boats are
overlapped, if the right-of-way boat can also change course in both
directions without immediately making contact. ►
This used to refer to the effect of a course change by a leeward boat,
which confined this part of the test to rule 11 situations. ►
By referring now to any overlapped right-of-way boat, this test will
now apply to boats sailing downwind overlapped on opposite tacks. ►
The definition Overlap continues to say that the term ‘overlapped’
applies to boats on opposite tacks when rule 18 applies or both boats
are sailing more than ninety degrees from the true wind. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Keep Clear
A boat keeps clear of a right-of-way boat … (b) when the boats are
overlapped, if the right-of-way boat can also change course in both
directions without immediately making contact. ►
Red, on port tack, passes the first part of the keep-clear test,
because Green on starboard tack can sail her course with no
need to take avoiding action. ►
Red was previously not affected by the second part of the
test, as it applied only to same-tack boats. ►
Red may now fail the second part of the test, as it now
applies to any downwind overlap situation. So Red must keep
further away from Green. The same is true for opposite-tack
situations if rule 18 also applies between them. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Mark
This used to say …an object attached temporarily or accidentally to a
mark is not part of it.
There were disagreements over the meaning of ‘temporarily’. ►
The highlighted words have been removed, and the definition now
says:
…an object attached accidentally to a mark is not part of it. ►
The intention is to make it clearer that committee boats may attach
RIBs and other devices to themselves to protect against damage
from boats that are starting. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
The definition Room is now:
The space a boat needs in the existing conditions, including space to
comply with her obligations under the rules of Part 2 and rule 31,
while manoeuvring promptly in a seamanlike way. ►
Here are some examples of the effect of the new words that are
underscored here (which do not change the game, but rather make
explicit what was implicit and only explained in cases). ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Room
The space a boat needs …to comply with her obligations under the
rules of Part 2…
This frequently concerns ‘three-boat’ situations.
Green is an obstruction to Yellow,
but not to Blue or Red. ►
Blue must give Yellow room
under rule 19 to pass Green. ►
Red must give Blue space for
Blue to comply with that Part 2
obligation. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Room
The space a boat needs …to comply with her obligations under the
rules of Part 2…
This frequently concerns ‘three-boat’ situations.
If they were overlapped at
zone entry, Yellow must give
mark-room to Red. ►
Blue must give Yellow space
to comply with that Part 2
obligation. ►
Nothing new, just clearer ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Room
The space a boat needs …to comply with her obligations under the
rules of Part 2… ►
Other examples include:
- Under rule 23, space that one boat must give to a second boat to
avoid a third boat that is capsized, anchored, aground or giving help. ►
- Under rule 24, space that one boat that has right of way but is not
racing must give to a second boat required to keep clear but also not
racing, so as not to interfere with a third boat that is racing. ►
- Under rule 24, space that one boat that has right of way but is not
sailing a proper course must give to a second boat required to keep
clear but also not sailing a proper course, so as not to interfere with a
third boat that is taking a penalty or sailing on another leg. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Room
The space a boat needs …to comply with her obligations … under
rule 31 ►
If they were overlapped at zone entry,
Yellow must give Red space to avoid
touching the mark. ►
Nothing new, just clearer. ►
It is not the definition that creates an
obligation to give room to avoid
touching a mark – it will be rule 18. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Mark-Room
This is largely new, but it is not aimed at changing the game – it is an
example of trying to find the words to say unambiguously what most
people understand to be how mark-rounding should operate when
rule 18 requires mark-room to be given. The definition comprises: ►
- In all cases, room (as redefined) to leave a mark on the required
side ►
- In some cases, room (as redefined) to ‘sail to the mark’ ►
- When necessary, room (as redefined) to round the mark ►
- Room (as redefined) to tack at a mark in some situations, which are
slightly more restrictive than before ►
We can look at those components in more detail.. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Mark-Room
Room for a boat to leave a mark on the required side…
This is self-evident. It harmonises with the redefinition of Room to
include room for a boat to comply with rule 31. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Mark-Room
Also, (a) room to sail to the mark when her proper course is to sail
close to it… ►
If they were overlapped at zone
entry, Yellow must give room to Red
to sail to the mark. ►
Nothing new. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Mark-Room
Also, (a) room to sail to the mark when her proper course is to sail
close to it…
If they were overlapped at zone entry,
Yellow’s proper course is not to sail to the
mark, because of the presence of Red. ►
It is now clearer that Blue cannot pretend
that Red is not there. She must give room
for two, not just for one. ►
Blue must not squeeze Yellow. Instead, as
we have already seen, Blue must give
Yellow room to meet her Part 2 obligation
to give room to Red, and room for Red to
avoid touching the mark. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Mark-Room
Also, (a) room to sail to the mark when her proper course is to sail
close to it… ►
Note that the obligation is to give room to
sail to the mark, not room to sail a proper
course. Consider boat with high gybing
angles. ►
Red’s proper course may be to carry on to
her right gybing angle for the mark. ►
However, all that Green is require to give
her is room to sail to the mark, because
Red’s proper course is to sail close to it. ►
Green must bear away now, to give room
for Red to sail directly to the mark. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Mark-Room
And, (b) room to round the mark as necessary to sail the course. ►
This replaces ‘room to sail a proper course while at the mark’. ►
This makes clear that the room to be given at the mark is the space
for seamanlike manoeuvring, but not (if greater) the space for an
inside boat or a boat ahead to sail the course round the mark that will
get her quickest to the finishing line. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Mark-Room
However, mark-room does not include room to tack unless she is
overlapped inside and to windward of he boat required to give markroom and she would be fetching the mark after her tack.
Yellow must give Blue room to tack. ►
Nothing new. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Mark-Room
However, mark-room does not include room to tack unless she is
overlapped inside and to windward of he boat required to give markroom and she would be fetching the mark after her tack.
Blue is not entitled to room to tack from Yellow,
as Blue would not be fetching the mark after
her tack. It’s a clarification. ►
Definition Fetching (unchanged)
A a boat is fetching a mark when she is in a
position to pass to windward of it and leave it
on the required side without changing tack. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
Definition Party
The definition is reordered for clarity, and to make the inspection
committee or measurement committee for the event a party to a
redress hearing when it is alleged that the committee acted improperly
– as we will see under rule 62.1(a), Redress. (A ‘committee’ can be
one person.) ►
This does not make the inspection committee or measurement
committee for the event a party when there is a protest concerning
class rules or personal equipment – even if the protest was made by
the race committee under rule 60.2 following a report under rule
43.1(c) or (more commonly) under rule 78.3, by an equipment
inspector or measurer for the event. ►
In these cases, the inspector or measurer will be a witness in the race
committee’s protest – the race committee is the party. ►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
PART 1, FUNDAMENTAL RULES
There is no change ►
PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
Section A, RIGHT OF WAY
There is a small clarification in the preamble to section A, which now
says that:
A boat has right of way over another boat when the other boat is
required to keep clear of her…
(Previously, ‘A boat has right of way when another boat is required…’)
►
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What’s New for 2013?
THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION B, GENERAL LIMITATIONS
Rule 14, AVOIDING CONTACT
Rule 14(b) is changed from
(b) shall not be penalized under this rule unless there is contact that
causes damage or injury.
to
(b) shall be exonerated if she breaks this rule and the contact does not
cause damage or injury. ►
This brings rule 14 into line with instant exonerations not requiring a
hearing under Section C rules and removes an inconsistency with the
fundamental obligation to retire or rotate when a boat breaks a rule. ►
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THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
In the preamble to Section C, the following sentence no longer
appears: When rule 20 applies, rules 18 and 19 do not.
That is because, when rule 20 begins to apply when a boat hails for
room to tack, the response required implicitly disapplies rule 19, Room
to Pass an Obstruction – so it does not need saying.
There is a potential conflict between rule 20, Room to Tack at an
Obstruction, and rule 18.2, as discussed under rule 20, which resolves
the conflict.
Also, all exonerations under Section C now lie in a new rule 21,
Exoneration. ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
There is a new rule 18.2 (c)(2), which clarifies that, when a boat is
required to give mark-room by rule 18.2(b) because of their positions
when entering the zone – If she becomes overlapped inside the boat
entitled to mark-room, she shall also give that boat room to sail her
proper course while they remain overlapped. ►
So when a boat gets a too-late inside overlap, she must not only give
the other boat space to sail to the mark, but also (if different) space to
sail as near the mark as she wants – and if the boat entitled to markroom does squeeze the barger out, rule 21, Exoneration will exonerate
almost all other rules she breaks in so doing, except rule 14, Avoiding
Contact when there is contact resulting in damage or injury. ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Rule 18.2(e) tells us that a boat is not required to give mark-room to
an inside overlapped boat when she is unable to do so. Previously, this
applied only to a inside overlap from clear astern (usually gained near
the zone inside one of several overlapped boats that were all
previously ahead).
It now also applies at a windward mark, when one boat tacks into a
windward inside overlap, and the leeward boat is unable to give markroom. ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Rule 18.3 is retitled Tacking in the Zone, and its wording is simplified.
There is a small game change. The rule used to apply when a boat
changes tack and as a result is subject to rule 13 in the zone (when
the other is fetching the mark).
The rule now applies when a boat in the zone passes head to wind
and is then on the same tack (as a boat that is fetching the mark).
So now some part of a boat must be in the zone before changing tack
in order to switch on rule 18.3. However, the reduction of distance from
the mark at which a tack will switch on rule 18.3 must be very small. ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Rule 18.3(a) used to tell the boat that tacked not to cause the other
boat to sail above close-hauled to avoid her.
It now says that she shall not cause the other boat to sail above closehauled to avoid contact.
The ‘other boat’ could be the windward of two same-tack boats,
responding to the presence of the boat to leeward. ►
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THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Rule 20, ROOM TO TACK AT AN OBSTRUCTION
The rule is rewritten into a more logical order. It says explicitly that a
boat hailed for room to tack must respond, even if the hailing boat
hailed when she was not entitled to do so – it is an issue to be
resolved by penalty turns or a protest. ►
When three or more boats are involved, and the boat that is leeward or
clear ahead hails for room to tack, the nearest boat herself acquires
the right for room to carry out her tack by hailing the next boat for room
to tack, even if she was not yet at sufficient proximity to the obstruction
to entitle her to hail if she had not been hailed. The rule title says it all
– 20.3, Passing on a Hail to an Additional Boat. ►
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THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Rule 20, ROOM TO TACK AT AN OBSTRUCTION
Rule 20 conflicts with rule 18 only
when two port-tack boats approach a
starboard-tack boat at a port-hand
windward mark. ►
Rule 20.2(e) says that from the time
a boat hails until she has tacked and
avoided the hailed boat, rule 18.2
does not apply between them.
Room at
the mark!
No, room to
tack!
Blue must give room for Yellow to
tack and avoid Blue (and Green). ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Rule 21, EXONERATION
This new rule combines all the exonerations previously set out
separately in rules 18 and 20.
It adds exoneration for breaking rule 31, Touching a Mark, when
compelled to hit a mark because mark-room was wrongfully denied. ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Rule 21, EXONERATION
Rule 21 also adds an exoneration when rule 19 applies at an
obstruction, for a boat is sailing within the room to which she is
entitled, if, in an incident with the boat required to give her that room,
she breaks a rule of Section A, rule 15 or rule 16.
So when room is not given, the inside boat can decide not to keep
clear of the outside boat - or even to touch the outside boat rather than
the obstruction.
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THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
Section C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Rule 21, EXONERATION
Note that rule 14 is not listed as one of the rules giving rise to
exoneration under rule 21. Rule 14(b) may give exoneration, but not if
damage or injury results.
In that case, exoneration may still be granted by a protest committee
under rule 64.1(a), Decisions: Penalties and Exoneration when the
boat was compelled to break rule 14. ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION D, OTHER RULES
Because of the new rule 21, Exoneration, rules 21, 22 and 23 are
renumbered to rules 22, 23 and 24.
Rule 22.3 now makes clear that is only when moving astern through
the water by backing a sail that the boat must keep clear of one that is
not.
So the rule will apply even if, because of a strong current, she is still
moving ahead with respect to the ground. ►
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PART 3, CONDUCT OF A RACE
Rule 25, Notice of Race, Sailing Instructions and Signals is divided for
clarity.
New rule 25.3 says that a race committee may display a visual signal
by using either a flag or other object of a similar appearance.
So boards can be used instead of flags, even when a rule (as do many
rules in Part 3) refers to a flag.
This removes the need for rule 33 to specify a board. ►
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THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
PART 3, CONDUCT OF A RACE
Rule 28, Sailing the Course is rewritten, mainly for clarity.
There are two important changes. ►
Rule 28 now says that a boat may correct errors to comply with this
rule, provided that she has not finished.
(However, the definition Finish opens the door for a boat to correct her
course by continuing to sail it after crossing the finishing line). ►
Secondly, the string test now starts to apply to a boat when she
beings to approach the starting line from its pre-start side to start,
rather than when she starts.
This may increase the possibility that a starting limit mark laid on the
pre-course side of the starting line must be respected. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
Despite the Part’s title, its preamble now says that new rule 55, Trash
Disposal applies at all times when boats are on the water. ►
RULE 41, OUTSIDE HELP
Rule 41(a) now allows help for a crew member who is ill, injured or in
danger. This is moderated by an additional clause:
However, a boat that receives a significant advantage in the race from
help received under rule 41(a) may be protested and penalized: any
penalty may be less than disqualification.
Rule 41(b) permits help, after a collision, from the crew of the other
vessel to get clear. Previously, it said ‘from the crew of the other boat’
This makes clear that it does not matter whether the other is racing or
not (see Terminology in the Introduction). ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
RULE 42, PROPULSION
Rule 42.3(c), Exceptions, has changed the meaning of Surfing to:
Rapidly accelerating down the front of a wave
This is because the direction of the wave may not be to leeward – for
instance a wave created by a passing vessel.
However, pumping to surf down a wave would still not be permitted on
a beat to windward, because the rule says so. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
RULE 42, PROPULSION
Rule 42.3(c), Exceptions, now makes clear that a sail may be pulled in
only once per wave or gust to plane or surf, as opposed to sequential
pulling of sheet and guy. The means of pulling the sail is not specified,
so it could include a gybing line. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
RULE 42, PROPULSION
New rule 42.3(e) is inserted, to allow pumping to ‘uninvert’ an inverted
batten, unless this clearly propels the boat.
The next two exceptions are relettered. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
RULE 42, PROPULSION
Rule 42.3(h) copies rule 41(b) in referring to a collision with another
vessel, rather than another boat.
Rule 42.3(h) also makes clear that rule 42.3(i) allows an exception to
be made to rule 42.3(h)’s prohibition of the use of an engine for getting
clear after grounding or collision.
(Rule 42.3(i) continues to allow the sailing instructions to permit the
use of engine propulsion in stated circumstances, which could include
getting clear after grounding or collision.) ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
RULE 44.1, PENALTIES AT THE TIME OF AN INCIDENT: Taking a
Penalty
It is now clearer that, when the sailing instructions specify the Scoring
Penalty or some other penalty, this replaces the One-Turn or TwoTurns Penalty.
It is now clearer that the question of whether a boat gained a
significant advantage by breaking a rule (thus requiring her to retire) is
not tested until after a boat has taken a penalty at the time of the
incident. So a boat need not retire if a significant advantage from
breaking rule was temporary, because she no longer had it after she
had spun. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
Rule 48, FOG SIGNALS AND LIGHTS; TRAFFIC SEPARATION
SCHEMES
New rule 48.2 says that a boat shall comply with rule 10, Traffic
Separation Schemes, of the IRPCAS.
The rule title reflects this addition.
Race committees for coastal and oceanic races should consider the
implications of a course that goes close to a TSS. RYA guidance is that
making the whole of the TSS (excluding any inshore zone) a prohibited
area may be best. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
Rule 49.2’s title is now CREW POSITION; LIFELINES. The addition of
lifelines to the title draws attention to a significant change. The torso
rule applies in all cases when there is an upper and lower lifeline (as
opposed previously only when they were of wire): and, if class rules do
not specify the material or minimum diameter of lifelines, they shall
comply with the corresponding specifications in the ISAF Offshore
Special Regulations.
This may require prompt attention in the rules of some classes. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
Rule 50.4, Headsails is redrafted, but the RYA still overrides this with
its own prescription. ►
Rule 52, Manual Power refers to the power provided by the crew, in
place of manual power. This will permit pedal power, and, perhaps,
stored energy derived from physical effort. ►
Finally in Part 4, as previously noted, new rule 55, Trash Disposal says
that a competitor shall not intentionally put trash in the water. Despite
this rule’s association with a general statement and new fundamental
principle, it can be changed by sailing instructions, which might be
useful to clarify the use of rubber bands or wool for banding
spinnakers. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
SECTION A, PROTESTS; REDRESS; RULE 69 ACTION
Rule 60.1, Right to Protest now says that a boat cannot protest under
rule 31, Touching a Mark, unless she saw the incident. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
SECTION A, PROTESTS; REDRESS; RULE 69 ACTION
Rule 61.1(a), INFORMING THE PROTESTEE
The words ‘When her protest concerns an incident in the racing area’
are changed to ‘When her protest will concern an incident in the racing
area’.
This makes clearer that the protest is what will later be written on the
protest form. The hail is evidence of an intention to do so. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
SECTION A, PROTESTS; REDRESS; RULE 69 ACTION
Rule 61.1(a), INFORMING THE PROTESTEE
New rule 61.1(a)(3) makes a rule of an ISAF Case.
If the incident was an error by the other boat in sailing the course, she
need not hail or display a red flag but she shall inform the other boat
before that boat finishes or at the first reasonable opportunity after she
finishes.
So the notification can be by hailing and flagging at the time the other
boat is seen to have made an error, or by hailing alone at that time, or
by later notification, and a protest intention that is notified after the
other boat finishes is valid even if it could have been made before. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
SECTION A, PROTESTS; REDRESS; RULE 69 ACTION
Rule 61.1(a), INFORMING THE PROTESTEE
The new rule 61.1(a)(3) just discussed means that the former rule
61.1(a)(3) concerning incidents resulting in damage or injury is now
rule 61.1(a)(4).
Rule 61.1(b) has new words without a change to the meaning, to
correct the tenses, and a similar minor tense correction is made to rule
61.3, Protest Time Limit. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 62.1, REDRESS
The basis for redress is clarified to be…that a boat’s score in a race or
series has been OR MAY BE, through not fault of her own, made
significantly worse…
This reflects the fact that the full scoring impact of what has happened
may not be fully clear until later in a series. ►
The bodies whose improper actions or omissions can lead to redress
now include the equipment inspection committee or measurement
committee for the event.
As with a protest committee, this might be a single person, but it or
they must be appointed to carry out those functions at the event. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 62.2, REDRESS
The rule now makes clear that a request for redress must ‘identify the
reason for making it.’
The time limit for delivering the written request to the race office is
clearer – for an incident in the racing area, it remains the later of the
protest time limit or two hours after the incident. ►
For other requests, it is ‘as soon as reasonably possible after learning
of the reasons for making the request.’
That could apply to a scoring error that might not be learned of for
some days after the race in question. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 63.6, TAKING EVIDENCE AND FINDING FACTS
The position of a protest committee member who saw the incident is
clarified.
A member of the protest committee who saw the incident shall, while
the parties are present, state that fact and may give evidence.
Note that the statement must be made even if the protest committee
member has no useful evidence to offer. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 64.1, DECISIONS: PENALTIES AND EXONERATION
The contents of the rule have been reordered and reworded. A new
rule 64.1(c) says that, if the race is restarted or resailed, rule 36
applies.
That is just a reminder. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 64.3, DECISIONS ON PROTESTS CONCERNING CLASS
RULES
This is a new title – it was previously Decisions on Measurement
Protests.
This may have expanded the scope of the rule a little, since class rules
address more than measurement issues.
The rule itself has references to measurement replaced with
references to class rules. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
The old rule 67 concerning hearings and penalties for breaking rule 42
has been deleted, since it had been overtaken by the procedures and
penalties in Appendix P, Special Procedures for Rule 42.
What had been rule 68, Damages is now rule 67, and there is no
longer any rule 68. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 69, Allegations of Gross Misconduct has been substantially revised.
Rule 69.1(a) now for the first time places a positive responsibility on
competitors:
A competitor shall not commit gross misconduct, including a gross breach
of a rule, good manners or sportsmanship, or conduct bringing the sport
into disrepute. Throughout rule 69, ‘competitor’ means a member of the
crew, or the owner, of a boat. ►
There is a new ‘standard of proof’ in rule 69.2 hearings – has it been
established to the comfortable satisfaction of the protest committee,
bearing in mind the seriousness of the alleged misconduct, that the
competitor has broken rule 69.1(a)? (A national prescription could change
this if it conflicts with national law – the RYA has not made one). ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 70.1(b), APPEALS AND REQUESTS TO A NATIONAL AUTHORITY
This says that
A boat may appeal when she is denied a hearing required by rule 63.1.
(i.e., she was denied the normal hearing of a protest or request). ►
Rule 71.2, National Authority Decisions now also says that
When the national authority decides that there shall be a new hearing, it
may appoint the protest committee. ►
Both of these changes arose from RYA submissions reflecting current
RYA practice. ►
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PART 6, ENTRY AND QUALIFICATION
Also based on an RYA submission reflecting RYA practice, in rule 76.1,
Exclusion of Boats or Competitors there are added rights for excluded
competitors and for boats whose entry has been rejected:
On request, the boat shall promptly be given the reason in writing. The
boat may request redress if she considers that the rejection or
exclusion is improper. ►
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PART 6, ENTRY AND QUALIFICATION
Rule 78, COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS RULES; CERTIFICATES
The rule is modified to take account of the fact that certificates are not
always issued in paper form, but are held electronically. The rule
therefore talks of the verification of a certificate’s existence being
equally as valid as its production. ►
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PART 6, ENTRY AND QUALIFICATION
Rule 81 rewritten, with references to Rescheduled Races replaced
with Rescheduled Event. This may slightly reduce the application of
the rule.
Rule 81, RESCHEDULED EVENT
When an event is rescheduled to dates different from the dates stated
in the notice of race, all boats entered shall be notified. The race
committee may accept new entries that meet all the entry requirements
except the original deadline for entries. ►
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PART 7, RACE ORGANIZATION
The option in rule 86.1(b) to vary the size of the zone of a mark from
three to two or four lengths is deleted. All zones are therefore of three
hull lengths of the nearer boat, and this cannot be changed. ►
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PART 7, RACE ORGANIZATION
Rule 89.1, ORGANIZING AUTHORITY
The following continue to be acceptable organizing authorities:
- The ISAF, a member national authority of the ISAF (e.g., the RYA),
an affiliated club.
There are then newly defined bodies:
(d) an affiliated organization other than a club and, if so prescribed by
the national authority, with the approval of the national authority or in
conjunction with an affiliated club;
This would include a class association affiliated to the national
authority. It could also be an affiliated commercial concern. The RYA
does not prescribe to this rule. ►
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PART 7, RACE ORGANIZATION
Rule 89.1, ORGANIZING AUTHORITY (Cont’d)
(e) an unaffiliated class association, either with the approval of the
national authority or in conjunction with an affiliated club.
(f) two or more of the above organizations (i.e., ISAF, RYA, affiliated
club, other affiliated organization, unaffiliated class association.
The rule continues to allow the following to be organizing authorities
(g) an unaffiliated body in conjunction with an affiliated club where the
body is owned and controlled by the club…
(f) if approved by the ISAF and the national authority of the club, an
unaffiliated body in conjunction with an affiliated club where the body is
not owned or controlled by the club. ►
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PART 7, RACE ORGANIZATION
Rule 89.1, ORGANIZING AUTHORITY
The rule goes on to clarify affiliation:
In rule 89.1, an organization is affiliated if it is affiliated to the national
authority of the venue; otherwise the organization is not affiliated.
However, if boats will pass through the waters of more than one
national authority while racing, an organization is affiliated if it is
affiliated to the national authority of one of the ports of call. ►
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PART 7, RACE ORGANIZATION
Rule 90.3, SCORING
(c) When the race committee determines from its own records or
observations that it has scored a boat incorrectly, it shall correct the
error and make the corrected scores available to the competitors.
This new rule simplifies things for those race committees that thought
that this might require some sort of hearing. ►
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PART 7, RACE ORGANIZATION
Rule 91(b), PROTEST COMMITTEE
The rule is edited to clarify that an international jury shall be composed
as required by rule N1 and have the authority and responsibilities
stated in rule N1. ►
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APPENDIX A, SCORING
The Bonus Point System of scoring has been removed. Therefore, in
order to use it, sailing instructions must specify it in full (keep the old
rule book as a reference).
In A11, Scoring Abbreviations, RAF (Retired after finishing) no longer
appears, and RET (Retired) returns after a long absence (but DNF
remains). DPI (Discretionary penalty Imposed) is added. ►
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APPENDIX J, NOTICE OF RACE AND SAILING INSTRUCTIONS
There is a revised RYA Addendum A which recommends a
strengthened replacement for the ISAF-recommended Disclaimers of
Liability wording in para 20 of the Notice of Race Guide ( Appendix K)
and in para 29 of the Sailing Instructions Guide (Appendix L).
The recommended strengthened text (on page 115 of RY1, the RYA
version of the Racing Rules) is to be described as a ‘Risk Statement’.
Organizing authorities need to review 2013 Notices of Race, and
‘before using these clauses … are recommended to:
- conduct a risk assessment…
- consider whether appropriate safety measures have been taken…
- consider whether the suggested clauses are right for the event.’
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APPENDIX L, SAILING INSTRUCTIONS GUIDE
L 5.4 now reads:
To alert boats that a race or sequence of races will begin soon, the
orange starting line flag will be displayed with one sound at least five
minutes before a warning signal is made.
The changes to this recommended sailing instruction are:
- the procedure is for general use, not just after a postponement
- the orange flag is clarified to be the flag used to identify one end of
the starting line
- the time interval moves from at least four minutes to at least five
minutes before the warning signal. ►
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APPENDIX L, SAILING INSTRUCTIONS GUIDE
L11.5 offers an alternative to rule 30.3, Black Flag Rule.
In it, there is no disqualification without a hearing if there is a general
recall or the race is abandoned after the starting signal. Flag U is
specified as the preparatory signal for this. Disqualification without a
hearing will apply to boats on the course in the only last minute of a
race that starts and is completed. ►
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APPENDIX L, SAILING INSTRUCTIONS GUIDE
The suggested wording in L16.2 for the protest time limit includes
saying that the time will also run from the race committee signalling no
more racing today, if that is later than the time the last boat finishes the
last race of the day.
This addresses the situation when boats are held afloat while the race
committee unsuccessfully tries to get another race started – so if AP
over A is then displayed, this may already be several hours after the
end of what is now the last race of the day. ►
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APPENDIX M, RECOMMENDATION FOR PROTEST COMMITTEES
M4.2 gives guidance on what is ‘new evidence’ in connection rule 66,
Reopening a Hearing.
Evidence is ‘new’
• if it was not reasonably possible for the party to asking for the
reopening to have discovered the evidence before the original hearing,
• if the protest committee is satisfied that before the original hearing
the evidence was diligently but unsuccessfully sought by the party
asking for the reopening, or
• if the protest committee learns from any source that the evidence was
not available to the parties at the time of the original hearing.
(This clarification arose from an RYA submission) ►
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APPENDIX R, PROCEDURES FOR APPEALS AND REQUESTS
Rule R2, Submission of Documents now provides for a failure to hold
the hearing of a protest or request for redress, and a failure to provide
a potential appellant with a copy of the decision.
Rule R4 is now titled Comments and Clarifications, reflecting the fact
that new rule R4.3 entitles the national authority to seek clarifications
of rules governing the event from organizations that are not parties to
the hearing.
These will include class associations and rating authorities. Unlike a
reference to one of those bodies by a protest committee under rule
64.3(b), the answer is not binding on the national authority. ►
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RYA PRESCRIPTIONS
The words underscored here were added to the prescription to what is now
rule 67, Damages in 2012:
Any issue of liability or claim for damages…. ►
The prescription to rule 76, Exclusion of Boats or Competitors is deleted,
since the rule has been changed. ►
The submission to rule R2.1, Submission of Appeal is simplified. A new rule
R2.4 is added by prescription:
If the appellant does not comply with rule R2.1 as prescribed or the protest
committee does not comply with rule R2.3, the RYA will refuse to hear the
appeal unless there are exceptional circumstances. If other parties to the
protest or the protest committee do not meet the requirements of the
procedure, the RYA may decide the appeal as it sees fit. ►
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THAT’S IT!
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION – BEST WISHES FOR
SAFE, SUCCESSFUL AND REWARDING RACING.
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The Full Works
Mainly for Competitors
Mainly for Organizing Authorities and Race
Committees
Mainly for Protest Committees
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There is a new general statement at the start of the rules:
‘As the leading authority for the sport, the International Sailing
Federation promotes and supports the protection of the environment in
all sailing competitions and related activities throughout the world.’ ►
There is a new Basic Principle:
ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY
Participants are encouraged to minimise any adverse environmental
impact of the sport of sailing. ►
There is a new rule that applies at all times when boats are on the water:
55
TRASH DISPOSAL
A competitor shall not intentionally put trash in the water. ►
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THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
CONTENTS
There is an index of ISAF online rules documents
The RYA has added in YR1 (the RYA version of the rule book) a
statement explaining the status of the Equipment Rules of Sailing ►
There is a new kiteboarding Appendix F, and old Appendix F,
Procedures for Appeals and Requests becomes Appendix R ►
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There are six changes to definitions:
Definition Finish
The words ‘…crosses the finishing line in the direction of the course
from the last mark…’ are simplified to crosses the finishing line from
the course side. No change of meaning is intended. ►
A third case of a boat that has crossed the finishing line but has not
finished is added – where the boat continues to sail the course. This
addresses a conceptual difficulty of a course that includes (typically)
‘starting / finishing line’ at the end of each lap. ►
It also deals with a course where the finishing line is away from the
rest of the course – e.g., it is laid to windward of the windward mark –
and the leading boat miscounts her laps, sails to cross the finishing
line too early, realises her mistake and returns to do another lap. ►
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The definition Keep Clear now says:
A boat keeps clear of a right-of-way boat
(a) if the right-of-way boat can sail her course with no need to take
avoiding action and
(b) when the boats are overlapped, if the right-of-way boat can also
change course in both directions without immediately making
contact. ►
The test of keeping clear remains in two parts (which are now
separated for clarity). The first line now reminds us that keeping clear
is relevant only when near a right-of-way boat – no change. ►
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Definition Keep Clear
A boat keeps clear of a right-of-way boat
(a) if the right-of-way boat can sail her course with no need to take
avoiding action ►
There is no change to this first part of the keep-clear test, which
applies in all cases. ►
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Definition Keep Clear
A boat keeps clear of a right-of-way boat
(a) if the right-of-way boat can sail her course with no need to take
avoiding action and ►
(b) when the boats are overlapped, if the right-of-way boat can also
change course in both directions without immediately making
contact. ►
(b) is for situations where boats are sailing on similar headings – the
right-of-way boat will be able to sail her course with no need to take
avoiding action, but the other boat could be too close. ►
There is a small game change in this second part of the test – it now
applies to boats that are overlapped on opposite tacks. ►
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Definition Keep Clear
A boat keeps clear of a right-of-way boat … (b) when the boats are
overlapped, if the right-of-way boat can also change course in both
directions without immediately making contact. ►
This used to refer to the effect of a course change by a leeward boat,
which confined this part of the test to rule 11 situations. ►
By referring now to any overlapped right-of-way boat, this test will
now apply to boats sailing downwind overlapped on opposite tacks. ►
The definition Overlap continues to say that the term ‘overlapped’
applies to boats on opposite tacks when rule 18 applies or both boats
are sailing more than ninety degrees from the true wind. ►
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Definition Keep Clear
A boat keeps clear of a right-of-way boat … (b) when the boats are
overlapped, if the right-of-way boat can also change course in both
directions without immediately making contact. ►
Red, on port tack, passes the first part of the keep-clear test,
because Green on starboard tack can sail her course with no
need to take avoiding action. ►
Red was previously not affected by the second part of the
test, as it applied only to same-tack boats. ►
Red may now fail the second part of the test, as it now
applies to any downwind overlap situation. So Red must keep
further away from Green. The same is true for opposite-tack
situations if rule 18 also applies between them. ►
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Definition Mark
This used to say …an object attached temporarily or accidentally to a
mark is not part of it.
There were disagreements over the meaning of ‘temporarily’. ►
The highlighted words have been removed, and the definition now
says:
…an object attached accidentally to a mark is not part of it. ►
The intention is to make it clearer that committee boats may attach
RIBs and other devices to themselves to protect against damage
from boats that are starting. ►
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The definition Room is now:
The space a boat needs in the existing conditions, including space to
comply with her obligations under the rules of Part 2 and rule 31,
while manoeuvring promptly in a seamanlike way. ►
Here are some examples of the effect of the new words that are
underscored here (which do not change the game, but rather make
explicit what was implicit and only explained in cases). ►
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Definition Room
The space a boat needs …to comply with her obligations under the
rules of Part 2…
This frequently concerns ‘three-boat’ situations.
Green is an obstruction to Yellow,
but not to Blue or Red. ►
Blue must give Yellow room
under rule 19 to pass Green. ►
Red must give Blue space for
Blue to comply with that Part 2
obligation. ►
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Definition Room
The space a boat needs …to comply with her obligations under the
rules of Part 2…
This frequently concerns ‘three-boat’ situations.
If they were overlapped at
zone entry, Yellow must give
mark-room to Red. ►
Blue must give Yellow space
to comply with that Part 2
obligation. ►
Nothing new, just clearer ►
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Definition Room
The space a boat needs …to comply with her obligations under the
rules of Part 2… ►
Other examples include:
- Under rule 23, space that one boat must give to a second boat to
avoid a third boat that is capsized, anchored, aground or giving help. ►
- Under rule 24, space that one boat that has right of way but is not
racing must give to a second boat required to keep clear but also not
racing, so as not to interfere with a third boat that is racing. ►
- Under rule 24, space that one boat that has right of way but is not
sailing a proper course must give to a second boat required to keep
clear but also not sailing a proper course, so as not to interfere with a
third boat that is taking a penalty or sailing on another leg. ►
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Definition Room
The space a boat needs …to comply with her obligations … under
rule 31 ►
If they were overlapped at zone entry,
Yellow must give Red space to avoid
touching the mark. ►
Nothing new, just clearer. ►
It is not the definition that creates an
obligation to give room to avoid
touching a mark – it will be rule 18. ►
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Definition Mark-Room
This is largely new, but it is not aimed at changing the game – it is an
example of trying to find the words to say unambiguously what most
people understand to be how mark-rounding should operate when
rule 18 requires mark-room to be given. The definition comprises: ►
- In all cases, room (as redefined) to leave a mark on the required
side ►
- In some cases, room (as redefined) to ‘sail to the mark’ ►
- When necessary, room (as redefined) to round the mark ►
- Room (as redefined) to tack at a mark in some situations, which are
slightly more restrictive than before ►
We can look at those components in more detail.. ►
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Definition Mark-Room
Room for a boat to leave a mark on the required side…
This is self-evident. It harmonises with the redefinition of Room to
include room for a boat to comply with rule 31. ►
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Definition Mark-Room
Also, (a) room to sail to the mark when her proper course is to sail
close to it… ►
If they were overlapped at zone
entry, Yellow must give room to Red
to sail to the mark. ►
Nothing new. ►
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Definition Mark-Room
Also, (a) room to sail to the mark when her proper course is to sail
close to it…
If they were overlapped at zone entry,
Yellow’s proper course is not to sail to the
mark, because of the presence of Red. ►
It is now clearer that Blue cannot pretend
that Red is not there. She must give room
for two, not just for one. ►
Blue must not squeeze Yellow. Instead, as
we have already seen, Blue must give
Yellow room to meet her Part 2 obligation
to give room to Red, and room for Red to
avoid touching the mark. ►
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Definition Mark-Room
Also, (a) room to sail to the mark when her proper course is to sail
close to it… ►
Note that the obligation is to give room to
sail to the mark, not room to sail a proper
course. Consider boat with high gybing
angles. ►
Red’s proper course may be to carry on to
her right gybing angle for the mark. ►
However, all that Green is require to give
her is room to sail to the mark, because
Red’s proper course is to sail close to it. ►
Green must bear away now, to give room
for Red to sail directly to the mark. ►
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Definition Mark-Room
And, (b) room to round the mark as necessary to sail the course. ►
This replaces ‘room to sail a proper course while at the mark’. ►
This makes clear that the room to be given at the mark is the space
for seamanlike manoeuvring, but not (if greater) the space for an
inside boat or a boat ahead to sail the course round the mark that will
get her quickest to the finishing line. ►
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Definition Mark-Room
However, mark-room does not include room to tack unless she is
overlapped inside and to windward of he boat required to give markroom and she would be fetching the mark after her tack.
Yellow must give Blue room to tack. ►
Nothing new. ►
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Definition Mark-Room
However, mark-room does not include room to tack unless she is
overlapped inside and to windward of he boat required to give markroom and she would be fetching the mark after her tack.
Blue is not entitled to room to tack from Yellow,
as Blue would not be fetching the mark after
her tack. It’s a clarification. ►
Definition Fetching (unchanged)
A a boat is fetching a mark when she is in a
position to pass to windward of it and leave it
on the required side without changing tack. ►
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PART 1, FUNDAMENTAL RULES
There is no change ►
PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
Section A, RIGHT OF WAY
There is a small clarification in the preamble to section A, which now
says that:
A boat has right of way over another boat when the other boat is
required to keep clear of her…
(Previously, ‘A boat has right of way when another boat is required…’)
►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION B, GENERAL LIMITATIONS
Rule 14, AVOIDING CONTACT
Rule 14(b) is changed from
(b) shall not be penalized under this rule unless there is contact that
causes damage or injury.
to
(b) shall be exonerated if she breaks this rule and the contact does not
cause damage or injury. ►
This brings rule 14 into line with instant exonerations not requiring a
hearing under Section C rules and removes an inconsistency with the
fundamental obligation to retire or rotate when a boat breaks a rule. ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
In the preamble to Section C, the following sentence no longer
appears: When rule 20 applies, rules 18 and 19 do not.
That is because, when rule 20 begins to apply when a boat hails for
room to tack, the response required implicitly disapplies rule 19, Room
to Pass an Obstruction – so it does not need saying.
There is a potential conflict between rule 20, Room to Tack at an
Obstruction, and rule 18.2, as discussed under rule 20, which resolves
the conflict.
Also, all exonerations under Section C now lie in a new rule 21,
Exoneration. ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
There is a new rule 18.2 (c)(2), which clarifies that, when a boat is
required to give mark-room by rule 18.2(b) because of their positions
when entering the zone – If she becomes overlapped inside the boat
entitled to mark-room, she shall also give that boat room to sail her
proper course while they remain overlapped. ►
So when a boat gets a too-late inside overlap, she must not only give
the other boat space to sail to the mark, but also (if different) space to
sail as near the mark as she wants – and if the boat entitled to markroom does squeeze the barger out, rule 21, Exoneration will exonerate
almost all other rules she breaks in so doing, except rule 14, Avoiding
Contact when there is contact resulting in damage or injury. ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Rule 18.2(e) tells us that a boat is not required to give mark-room to
an inside overlapped boat when she is unable to do so. Previously, this
applied only to a inside overlap from clear astern (usually gained near
the zone inside one of several overlapped boats that were all
previously ahead).
It now also applies at a windward mark, when one boat tacks into a
windward inside overlap, and the leeward boat is unable to give markroom. ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Rule 18.3 is retitled Tacking in the Zone, and its wording is simplified.
There is a small game change. The rule used to apply when a boat
changes tack and as a result is subject to rule 13 in the zone (when
the other is fetching the mark).
The rule now applies when a boat in the zone passes head to wind
and is then on the same tack (as a boat that is fetching the mark).
So now some part of a boat must be in the zone before changing tack
in order to switch on rule 18.3. However, the reduction of distance from
the mark at which a tack will switch on rule 18.3 must be very small. ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Rule 18.3(a) used to tell the boat that tacked not to cause the other
boat to sail above close-hauled to avoid her.
It now says that she shall not cause the other boat to sail above closehauled to avoid contact.
The ‘other boat’ could be the windward of two same-tack boats,
responding to the presence of the boat to leeward. ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Rule 20, ROOM TO TACK AT AN OBSTRUCTION
The rule is rewritten into a more logical order. It says explicitly that a
boat hailed for room to tack must respond, even if the hailing boat
hailed when she was not entitled to do so – it is an issue to be
resolved by penalty turns or a protest. ►
When three or more boats are involved, and the boat that is leeward or
clear ahead hails for room to tack, the nearest boat herself acquires
the right for room to carry out her tack by hailing the next boat for room
to tack, even if she was not yet at sufficient proximity to the obstruction
to entitle her to hail if she had not been hailed. The rule title says it all
– 20.3, Passing on a Hail to an Additional Boat. ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Rule 20, ROOM TO TACK AT AN OBSTRUCTION
Rule 20 conflicts with rule 18 only
when two port-tack boats approach a
starboard-tack boat at a port-hand
windward mark. ►
Rule 20.2(e) says that from the time
a boat hails until she has tacked and
avoided the hailed boat, rule 18.2
does not apply between them.
Room at
the mark!
No, room to
tack!
Blue must give room for Yellow to
tack and avoid Blue (and Green). ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Rule 21, EXONERATION
This new rule combines all the exonerations previously set out
separately in rules 18 and 20.
It adds exoneration for breaking rule 31, Touching a Mark, when
compelled to hit a mark because mark-room was wrongfully denied. ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Rule 21, EXONERATION
Rule 21 also adds an exoneration when rule 19 applies at an
obstruction, for a boat is sailing within the room to which she is
entitled, if, in an incident with the boat required to give her that room,
she breaks a rule of Section A, rule 15 or rule 16.
So when room is not given, the inside boat can decide not to keep
clear of the outside boat - or even to touch the outside boat rather than
the obstruction.
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
Section C, AT MARKS AND OBSTRUCTIONS
Rule 21, EXONERATION
Note that rule 14 is not listed as one of the rules giving rise to
exoneration under rule 21. Rule 14(b) may give exoneration, but not if
damage or injury results.
In that case, exoneration may still be granted by a protest committee
under rule 64.1(a), Decisions: Penalties and Exoneration when the
boat was compelled to break rule 14. ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION D, OTHER RULES
Because of the new rule 21, Exoneration, rules 21, 22 and 23 are
renumbered to rules 22, 23 and 24.
Rule 22.3 now makes clear that is only when moving astern through
the water by backing a sail that the boat must keep clear of one that is
not.
So the rule will apply even if, because of a strong current, she is still
moving ahead with respect to the ground. ►
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PART 3, CONDUCT OF A RACE
Rule 28, Sailing the Course is rewritten, mainly for clarity.
There are two important changes. ►
Rule 28 now says that a boat may correct errors to comply with this
rule, provided that she has not finished.
(However, the definition Finish opens the door for a boat to correct her
course by continuing to sail it after crossing the finishing line). ►
Secondly, the string test now starts to apply to a boat when she
beings to approach the starting line from its pre-start side to start,
rather than when she starts.
This may increase the possibility that a starting limit mark laid on the
pre-course side of the starting line must be respected. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
Despite the Part’s title, its preamble now says that new rule 55, Trash
Disposal applies at all times when boats are on the water. ►
RULE 41, OUTSIDE HELP
Rule 41(a) now allows help for a crew member who is ill, injured or in
danger. This is moderated by an additional clause:
However, a boat that receives a significant advantage in the race from
help received under rule 41(a) may be protested and penalized: any
penalty may be less than disqualification.
Rule 41(b) permits help, after a collision, from the crew of the other
vessel to get clear. Previously, it said ‘from the crew of the other boat’
This makes clear that it does not matter whether the other is racing or
not (see Terminology in the Introduction). ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
RULE 42, PROPULSION
Rule 42.3(c), Exceptions, has changed the meaning of Surfing to:
Rapidly accelerating down the front of a wave
This is because the direction of the wave may not be to leeward – for
instance a wave created by a passing vessel.
However, pumping to surf down a wave would still not be permitted on
a beat to windward, because the rule says so. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
RULE 42, PROPULSION
Rule 42.3(c), Exceptions, now makes clear that a sail may be pulled in
only once per wave or gust to plane or surf, as opposed to sequential
pulling of sheet and guy. The means of pulling the sail is not specified,
so it could include a gybing line. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
RULE 42, PROPULSION
New rule 42.3(e) is inserted, to allow pumping to ‘uninvert’ an inverted
batten, unless this clearly propels the boat.
The next two exceptions are relettered. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
RULE 42, PROPULSION
Rule 42.3(h) copies rule 41(b) in referring to a collision with another
vessel, rather than another boat.
Rule 42.3(h) also makes clear that rule 42.3(i) allows an exception to
be made to rule 42.3(h)’s prohibition of the use of an engine for getting
clear after grounding or collision.
(Rule 42.3(i) continues to allow the sailing instructions to permit the
use of engine propulsion in stated circumstances, which could include
getting clear after grounding or collision.) ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
RULE 44.1, PENALTIES AT THE TIME OF AN INCIDENT: Taking a
Penalty
It is now clearer that, when the sailing instructions specify the Scoring
Penalty or some other penalty, this replaces the One-Turn or TwoTurns Penalty.
It is now clearer that the question of whether a boat gained a
significant advantage by breaking a rule (thus requiring her to retire) is
not tested until after a boat has taken a penalty at the time of the
incident. So a boat need not retire if a significant advantage from
breaking rule was temporary, because she no longer had it after she
had spun. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
Rule 48, FOG SIGNALS AND LIGHTS; TRAFFIC SEPARATION
SCHEMES
New rule 48.2 says that a boat shall comply with rule 10, Traffic
Separation Schemes, of the IRPCAS.
The rule title reflects this addition.
Race committees for coastal and oceanic races should consider the
implications of a course that goes close to a TSS. RYA guidance is that
making the whole of the TSS (excluding any inshore zone) a prohibited
area may be best. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
Rule 49.2’s title is now CREW POSITION; LIFELINES. The addition of
lifelines to the title draws attention to a significant change. The torso
rule applies in all cases when there is an upper and lower lifeline (as
opposed previously only when they were of wire): and, if class rules do
not specify the material or minimum diameter of lifelines, they shall
comply with the corresponding specifications in the ISAF Offshore
Special Regulations.
This may require prompt attention in the rules of some classes. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
Rule 50.4, Headsails is redrafted, but the RYA still overrides this with
its own prescription. ►
Rule 52, Manual Power refers to the power provided by the crew, in
place of manual power. This will permit pedal power, and, perhaps,
stored energy derived from physical effort. ►
Finally in Part 4, as previously noted, new rule 55, Trash Disposal says
that a competitor shall not intentionally put trash in the water. Despite
this rule’s association with a general statement and new fundamental
principle, it can be changed by sailing instructions, which might be
useful to clarify the use of rubber bands or wool for banding
spinnakers. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
SECTION A, PROTESTS; REDRESS; RULE 69 ACTION
Rule 60.1, Right to Protest now says that a boat cannot protest under
rule 31, Touching a Mark, unless she saw the incident. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
SECTION A, PROTESTS; REDRESS; RULE 69 ACTION
Rule 61.1(a), INFORMING THE PROTESTEE
The words ‘When her protest concerns an incident in the racing area’
are changed to ‘When her protest will concern an incident in the racing
area’.
This makes clearer that the protest is what will later be written on the
protest form. The hail is evidence of an intention to do so. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
SECTION A, PROTESTS; REDRESS; RULE 69 ACTION
Rule 61.1(a), INFORMING THE PROTESTEE
New rule 61.1(a)(3) makes a rule of an ISAF Case.
If the incident was an error by the other boat in sailing the course, she
need not hail or display a red flag but she shall inform the other boat
before that boat finishes or at the first reasonable opportunity after she
finishes.
So the notification can be by hailing and flagging at the time the other
boat is seen to have made an error, or by hailing alone at that time, or
by later notification, and a protest intention that is notified after the
other boat finishes is valid even if it could have been made before. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
SECTION A, PROTESTS; REDRESS; RULE 69 ACTION
Rule 61.1(a), INFORMING THE PROTESTEE
The new rule 61.1(a)(3) just discussed means that the former rule
61.1(a)(3) concerning incidents resulting in damage or injury is now
rule 61.1(a)(4).
Rule 61.1(b) has new words without a change to the meaning, to
correct the tenses, and a similar minor tense correction is made to rule
61.3, Protest Time Limit. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 62.1, REDRESS
The basis for redress is clarified to be…that a boat’s score in a race or
series has been OR MAY BE, through not fault of her own, made
significantly worse…
This reflects the fact that the full scoring impact of what has happened
may not be fully clear until later in a series. ►
The bodies whose improper actions or omissions can lead to redress
now include the equipment inspection committee or measurement
committee for the event.
As with a protest committee, this might be a single person, but it or
they must be appointed to carry out those functions at the event. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 62.2, REDRESS
The rule now makes clear that a request for redress must ‘identify the
reason for making it.’
The time limit for delivering the written request to the race office is
clearer – for an incident in the racing area, it remains the later of the
protest time limit or two hours after the incident. ►
For other requests, it is ‘as soon as reasonably possible after learning
of the reasons for making the request.’
That could apply to a scoring error that might not be learned of for
some days after the race in question. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 69, Allegations of Gross Misconduct has been substantially revised.
Rule 69.1(a) now for the first time places a positive responsibility on
competitors:
A competitor shall not commit gross misconduct, including a gross breach
of a rule, good manners or sportsmanship, or conduct bringing the sport
into disrepute. Throughout rule 69, ‘competitor’ means a member of the
crew, or the owner, of a boat. ►
There is a new ‘standard of proof’ in rule 69.2 hearings – has it been
established to the comfortable satisfaction of the protest committee,
bearing in mind the seriousness of the alleged misconduct, that the
competitor has broken rule 69.1(a)? (A national prescription could change
this if it conflicts with national law – the RYA has not made one). ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 70.1(b), APPEALS AND REQUESTS TO A NATIONAL AUTHORITY
This says that
A boat may appeal when she is denied a hearing required by rule 63.1.
(i.e., she was denied the normal hearing of a protest or request). ►
Rule 71.2, National Authority Decisions now also says that
When the national authority decides that there shall be a new hearing, it
may appoint the protest committee. ►
Both of these changes arose from RYA submissions reflecting current
RYA practice. ►
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PART 6, ENTRY AND QUALIFICATION
Also based on an RYA submission reflecting RYA practice, in rule 76.1,
Exclusion of Boats or Competitors there are added rights for excluded
competitors and for boats whose entry has been rejected:
On request, the boat shall promptly be given the reason in writing. The
boat may request redress if she considers that the rejection or
exclusion is improper. ►
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PART 6, ENTRY AND QUALIFICATION
Rule 81 rewritten, with references to Rescheduled Races replaced
with Rescheduled Event. This may slightly reduce the application of
the rule.
Rule 81, RESCHEDULED EVENT
When an event is rescheduled to dates different from the dates stated
in the notice of race, all boats entered shall be notified. The race
committee may accept new entries that meet all the entry requirements
except the original deadline for entries. ►
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THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
APPENDIX M, RECOMMENDATION FOR PROTEST COMMITTEES
M4.2 gives guidance on what is ‘new evidence’ in connection rule 66,
Reopening a Hearing.
Evidence is ‘new’
• if it was not reasonably possible for the party to asking for the
reopening to have discovered the evidence before the original hearing,
• if the protest committee is satisfied that before the original hearing
the evidence was diligently but unsuccessfully sought by the party
asking for the reopening, or
• if the protest committee learns from any source that the evidence was
not available to the parties at the time of the original hearing.
(This clarification arose from an RYA submission) ►
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THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
RYA PRESCRIPTIONS
The words underscored here were added to the prescription to what is now
rule 67, Damages in 2012:
Any issue of liability or claim for damages…. ►
The prescription to rule 76, Exclusion of Boats or Competitors is deleted,
since the rule has been changed. ►
The submission to rule R2.1, Submission of Appeal is simplified. A new rule
R2.4 is added by prescription:
If the appellant does not comply with rule R2.1 as prescribed or the protest
committee does not comply with rule R2.3, the RYA will refuse to hear the
appeal unless there are exceptional circumstances. If other parties to the
protest or the protest committee do not meet the requirements of the
procedure, the RYA may decide the appeal as it sees fit. ►
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THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
THAT’S IT!
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION – BEST WISHES FOR
SAFE, SUCCESSFUL AND REWARDING RACING.
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THE RACING RULES OF SAILING 2013 – 2016
The Full Works
Mainly for Competitors
Mainly for Organizing Authorities and Race
Committees
Mainly for Protest Committees
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There are six changes to definitions:
Definition Finish
The words ‘…crosses the finishing line in the direction of the course
from the last mark…’ are simplified to crosses the finishing line from
the course side. No change of meaning is intended. ►
A third case of a boat that has crossed the finishing line but has not
finished is added – where the boat continues to sail the course. This
addresses a conceptual difficulty of a course that includes (typically)
‘starting / finishing line’ at the end of each lap. ►
It also deals with a course where the finishing line is away from the
rest of the course – e.g., it is laid to windward of the windward mark –
and the leading boat miscounts her laps, sails to cross the finishing
line too early, realises her mistake and returns to do another lap. ►
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Definition Mark
This used to say …an object attached temporarily or accidentally to a
mark is not part of it.
There were disagreements over the meaning of ‘temporarily’. ►
The highlighted words have been removed, and the definition now
says:
…an object attached accidentally to a mark is not part of it. ►
The intention is to make it clearer that committee boats may attach
RIBs and other devices to themselves to protect against damage
from boats that are starting. ►
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Definition Party
The definition is reordered for clarity, and to make the inspection
committee or measurement committee for the event a party to a
redress hearing when it is alleged that the committee acted improperly
– as we will see under rule 62.1(a), Redress. (A ‘committee’ can be
one person.) ►
This does not make the inspection committee or measurement
committee for the event a party when there is a protest concerning
class rules or personal equipment – even if the protest was made by
the race committee under rule 60.2 following a report under rule
43.1(c) or (more commonly) under rule 78.3, by an equipment
inspector or measurer for the event. ►
In these cases, the inspector or measurer will be a witness in the race
committee’s protest – the race committee is the party. ►
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PART 3, CONDUCT OF A RACE
Rule 25, Notice of Race, Sailing Instructions and Signals is divided for
clarity.
New rule 25.3 says that a race committee may display a visual signal
by using either a flag or other object of a similar appearance.
So boards can be used instead of flags, even when a rule (as do many
rules in Part 3) refers to a flag.
This removes the need for rule 33 to specify a board. ►
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PART 3, CONDUCT OF A RACE
Rule 28, Sailing the Course is rewritten, mainly for clarity.
There are two important changes. ►
Rule 28 now says that a boat may correct errors to comply with this
rule, provided that she has not finished.
(However, the definition Finish opens the door for a boat to correct her
course by continuing to sail it after crossing the finishing line). ►
Secondly, the string test now starts to apply to a boat when she
beings to approach the starting line from its pre-start side to start,
rather than when she starts.
This may increase the possibility that a starting limit mark laid on the
pre-course side of the starting line must be respected. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
RULE 42, PROPULSION
Rule 42.3(h) copies rule 41(b) in referring to a collision with another
vessel, rather than another boat.
Rule 42.3(h) also makes clear that rule 42.3(i) allows an exception to
be made to rule 42.3(h)’s prohibition of the use of an engine for getting
clear after grounding or collision.
(Rule 42.3(i) continues to allow the sailing instructions to permit the
use of engine propulsion in stated circumstances, which could include
getting clear after grounding or collision.) ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
Rule 48, FOG SIGNALS AND LIGHTS; TRAFFIC SEPARATION
SCHEMES
New rule 48.2 says that a boat shall comply with rule 10, Traffic
Separation Schemes, of the IRPCAS.
The rule title reflects this addition.
Race committees for coastal and oceanic races should consider the
implications of a course that goes close to a TSS. RYA guidance is that
making the whole of the TSS (excluding any inshore zone) a prohibited
area may be best. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
Rule 49.2’s title is now CREW POSITION; LIFELINES. The addition of
lifelines to the title draws attention to a significant change. The torso
rule applies in all cases when there is an upper and lower lifeline (as
opposed previously only when they were of wire): and, if class rules do
not specify the material or minimum diameter of lifelines, they shall
comply with the corresponding specifications in the ISAF Offshore
Special Regulations.
This may require prompt attention in the rules of some classes. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 62.1, REDRESS
The basis for redress is clarified to be…that a boat’s score in a race or
series has been OR MAY BE, through not fault of her own, made
significantly worse…
This reflects the fact that the full scoring impact of what has happened
may not be fully clear until later in a series. ►
The bodies whose improper actions or omissions can lead to redress
now include the equipment inspection committee or measurement
committee for the event.
As with a protest committee, this might be a single person, but it or
they must be appointed to carry out those functions at the event. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
The old rule 67 concerning hearings and penalties for breaking rule 42
has been deleted, since it had been overtaken by the procedures and
penalties in Appendix P, Special Procedures for Rule 42.
What had been rule 68, Damages is now rule 67, and there is no
longer any rule 68. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 69, Allegations of Gross Misconduct has been substantially revised.
Rule 69.1(a) now for the first time places a positive responsibility on
competitors:
A competitor shall not commit gross misconduct, including a gross breach
of a rule, good manners or sportsmanship, or conduct bringing the sport
into disrepute. Throughout rule 69, ‘competitor’ means a member of the
crew, or the owner, of a boat. ►
There is a new ‘standard of proof’ in rule 69.2 hearings – has it been
established to the comfortable satisfaction of the protest committee,
bearing in mind the seriousness of the alleged misconduct, that the
competitor has broken rule 69.1(a)? (A national prescription could change
this if it conflicts with national law – the RYA has not made one). ►
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PART 6, ENTRY AND QUALIFICATION
Also based on an RYA submission reflecting RYA practice, in rule 76.1,
Exclusion of Boats or Competitors there are added rights for excluded
competitors and for boats whose entry has been rejected:
On request, the boat shall promptly be given the reason in writing. The
boat may request redress if she considers that the rejection or
exclusion is improper. ►
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PART 6, ENTRY AND QUALIFICATION
Rule 78, COMPLIANCE WITH CLASS RULES; CERTIFICATES
The rule is modified to take account of the fact that certificates are not
always issued in paper form, but are held electronically. The rule
therefore talks of the verification of a certificate’s existence being
equally as valid as its production. ►
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PART 6, ENTRY AND QUALIFICATION
Rule 81 rewritten, with references to Rescheduled Races replaced
with Rescheduled Event. This may slightly reduce the application of
the rule.
Rule 81, RESCHEDULED EVENT
When an event is rescheduled to dates different from the dates stated
in the notice of race, all boats entered shall be notified. The race
committee may accept new entries that meet all the entry requirements
except the original deadline for entries. ►
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PART 7, RACE ORGANIZATION
The option in rule 86.1(b) to vary the size of the zone of a mark from
three to two or four lengths is deleted. All zones are therefore of three
hull lengths of the nearer boat, and this cannot be changed. ►
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PART 7, RACE ORGANIZATION
Rule 89.1, ORGANIZING AUTHORITY
The following continue to be acceptable organizing authorities:
- The ISAF, a member national authority of the ISAF (e.g., the RYA),
an affiliated club.
There are then newly defined bodies:
(d) an affiliated organization other than a club and, if so prescribed by
the national authority, with the approval of the national authority or in
conjunction with an affiliated club;
This would include a class association affiliated to the national
authority. It could also be an affiliated commercial concern. The RYA
does not prescribe to this rule. ►
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PART 7, RACE ORGANIZATION
Rule 89.1, ORGANIZING AUTHORITY (Cont’d)
(e) an unaffiliated class association, either with the approval of the
national authority or in conjunction with an affiliated club.
(f) two or more of the above organizations (i.e., ISAF, RYA, affiliated
club, other affiliated organization, unaffiliated class association.
The rule continues to allow the following to be organizing authorities
(g) an unaffiliated body in conjunction with an affiliated club where the
body is owned and controlled by the club…
(f) if approved by the ISAF and the national authority of the club, an
unaffiliated body in conjunction with an affiliated club where the body is
not owned or controlled by the club. ►
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PART 7, RACE ORGANIZATION
Rule 89.1, ORGANIZING AUTHORITY
The rule goes on to clarify affiliation:
In rule 89.1, an organization is affiliated if it is affiliated to the national
authority of the venue; otherwise the organization is not affiliated.
However, if boats will pass through the waters of more than one
national authority while racing, an organization is affiliated if it is
affiliated to the national authority of one of the ports of call. ►
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PART 7, RACE ORGANIZATION
Rule 90.3, SCORING
(c) When the race committee determines from its own records or
observations that it has scored a boat incorrectly, it shall correct the
error and make the corrected scores available to the competitors.
This new rule simplifies things for those race committees that thought
that this might require some sort of hearing. ►
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APPENDIX A, SCORING
The Bonus Point System of scoring has been removed. Therefore, in
order to use it, sailing instructions must specify it in full (keep the old
rule book as a reference).
In A11, Scoring Abbreviations, RAF (Retired after finishing) no longer
appears, and RET (Retired) returns after a long absence (but DNF
remains). DPI (Discretionary penalty Imposed) is added. ►
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APPENDIX J, NOTICE OF RACE AND SAILING INSTRUCTIONS
There is a revised RYA Addendum A which recommends a
strengthened replacement for the ISAF-recommended Disclaimers of
Liability wording in para 20 of the Notice of Race Guide ( Appendix K)
and in para 29 of the Sailing Instructions Guide (Appendix L).
The recommended strengthened text (on page 115 of RY1, the RYA
version of the Racing Rules) is to be described as a ‘Risk Statement’.
Organizing authorities need to review 2013 Notices of Race, and
‘before using these clauses … are recommended to:
- conduct a risk assessment…
- consider whether appropriate safety measures have been taken…
- consider whether the suggested clauses are right for the event.’
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APPENDIX L, SAILING INSTRUCTIONS GUIDE
L 5.4 now reads:
To alert boats that a race or sequence of races will begin soon, the
orange starting line flag will be displayed with one sound at least five
minutes before a warning signal is made.
The changes to this recommended sailing instruction are:
- the procedure is for general use, not just after a postponement
- the orange flag is clarified to be the flag used to identify one end of
the starting line
- the time interval moves from at least four minutes to at least five
minutes before the warning signal. ►
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APPENDIX L, SAILING INSTRUCTIONS GUIDE
L11.5 offers an alternative to rule 30.3, Black Flag Rule.
In it, there is no disqualification without a hearing if there is a general
recall or the race is abandoned after the starting signal. Flag U is
specified as the preparatory signal for this. Disqualification without a
hearing will apply to boats on the course in the only last minute of a
race that starts and is completed. ►
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APPENDIX L, SAILING INSTRUCTIONS GUIDE
The suggested wording in L16.2 for the protest time limit includes
saying that the time will also run from the race committee signalling no
more racing today, if that is later than the time the last boat finishes the
last race of the day.
This addresses the situation when boats are held afloat while the race
committee unsuccessfully tries to get another race started – so if AP
over A is then displayed, this may already be several hours after the
end of what is now the last race of the day. ►
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RYA PRESCRIPTIONS
The words underscored here were added to the prescription to what is now
rule 67, Damages in 2012:
Any issue of liability or claim for damages…. ►
The prescription to rule 76, Exclusion of Boats or Competitors is deleted,
since the rule has been changed. ►
The submission to rule R2.1, Submission of Appeal is simplified. A new rule
R2.4 is added by prescription:
If the appellant does not comply with rule R2.1 as prescribed or the protest
committee does not comply with rule R2.3, the RYA will refuse to hear the
appeal unless there are exceptional circumstances. If other parties to the
protest or the protest committee do not meet the requirements of the
procedure, the RYA may decide the appeal as it sees fit. ►
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THAT’S IT!
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION – BEST WISHES FOR
SAFE, SUCCESSFUL AND REWARDING RACING.
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The Full Works
Mainly for Competitors
Mainly for Organizing Authorities and Race
Committees
Mainly for Protest Committees
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There is a new general statement at the start of the rules:
‘As the leading authority for the sport, the International Sailing
Federation promotes and supports the protection of the environment in
all sailing competitions and related activities throughout the world.’ ►
There is a new Basic Principle:
ENVIRONMENT RESPONSIBILITY
Participants are encouraged to minimise any adverse environmental
impact of the sport of sailing. ►
There is a new rule that applies at all times when boats are on the water:
55
TRASH DISPOSAL
A competitor shall not intentionally put trash in the water. ►
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CONTENTS
There is an index of ISAF online rules documents
The RYA has added in YR1 (the RYA version of the rule book) a
statement explaining the status of the Equipment Rules of Sailing ►
There is a new kiteboarding Appendix F, and old Appendix F,
Procedures for Appeals and Requests becomes Appendix R ►
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INTRODUCTION
In Terminology, a ‘vessel’ is clarified to mean any boat or ship.
Excluding appendices, the word vessel is used in: ►
-The definition Obstruction
- Rule 1.1, Helping Those in Danger
- Rule 23, Capsized, Anchored or Aground; Rescuing
- The preamble to Part 2
- Rule 41(b), Outside Help
- Rule 42.3(g), Propulsion
- Rule 42.3(h), Propulsion
- Rule 47.2, Limitations on Equipment and Crew
- Rule 62.1(b), Redress ►
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PART 2, WHEN BOATS MEET
SECTION B, GENERAL LIMITATIONS
Rule 14, AVOIDING CONTACT
Rule 14(b) is changed from
(b) shall not be penalized under this rule unless there is contact that
causes damage or injury.
to
(b) shall be exonerated if she breaks this rule and the contact does not
cause damage or injury. ►
This brings rule 14 into line with instant exonerations not requiring a
hearing under Section C rules and removes an inconsistency with the
fundamental obligation to retire or rotate when a boat breaks a rule. ►
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PART 4, OTHER REQUIREMENTS WHEN RACING
Rule 48, FOG SIGNALS AND LIGHTS; TRAFFIC SEPARATION
SCHEMES
New rule 48.2 says that a boat shall comply with rule 10, Traffic
Separation Schemes, of the IRPCAS.
The rule title reflects this addition.
Race committees for coastal and oceanic races should consider the
implications of a course that goes close to a TSS. RYA guidance is that
making the whole of the TSS (excluding any inshore zone) a prohibited
area may be best. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
SECTION A, PROTESTS; REDRESS; RULE 69 ACTION
Rule 60.1, Right to Protest now says that a boat cannot protest under
rule 31, Touching a Mark, unless she saw the incident. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
SECTION A, PROTESTS; REDRESS; RULE 69 ACTION
Rule 61.1(a), INFORMING THE PROTESTEE
The words ‘When her protest concerns an incident in the racing area’
are changed to ‘When her protest will concern an incident in the racing
area’.
This makes clearer that the protest is what will later be written on the
protest form. The hail is evidence of an intention to do so. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
SECTION A, PROTESTS; REDRESS; RULE 69 ACTION
Rule 61.1(a), INFORMING THE PROTESTEE
New rule 61.1(a)(3) makes a rule of an ISAF Case.
If the incident was an error by the other boat in sailing the course, she
need not hail or display a red flag but she shall inform the other boat
before that boat finishes or at the first reasonable opportunity after she
finishes.
So the notification can be by hailing and flagging at the time the other
boat is seen to have made an error, or by hailing alone at that time, or
by later notification, and a protest intention that is notified after the
other boat finishes is valid even if it could have been made before. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
SECTION A, PROTESTS; REDRESS; RULE 69 ACTION
Rule 61.1(a), INFORMING THE PROTESTEE
The new rule 61.1(a)(3) just discussed means that the former rule
61.1(a)(3) concerning incidents resulting in damage or injury is now
rule 61.1(a)(4).
Rule 61.1(b) has new words without a change to the meaning, to
correct the tenses, and a similar minor tense correction is made to rule
61.3, Protest Time Limit. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 62.1, REDRESS
The basis for redress is clarified to be…that a boat’s score in a race or
series has been OR MAY BE, through not fault of her own, made
significantly worse…
This reflects the fact that the full scoring impact of what has happened
may not be fully clear until later in a series. ►
The bodies whose improper actions or omissions can lead to redress
now include the equipment inspection committee or measurement
committee for the event.
As with a protest committee, this might be a single person, but it or
they must be appointed to carry out those functions at the event. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 62.2, REDRESS
The rule now makes clear that a request for redress must ‘identify the
reason for making it.’
The time limit for delivering the written request to the race office is
clearer – for an incident in the racing area, it remains the later of the
protest time limit or two hours after the incident. ►
For other requests, it is ‘as soon as reasonably possible after learning
of the reasons for making the request.’
That could apply to a scoring error that might not be learned of for
some days after the race in question. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 63.6, TAKING EVIDENCE AND FINDING FACTS
The position of a protest committee member who saw the incident is
clarified.
A member of the protest committee who saw the incident shall, while
the parties are present, state that fact and may give evidence.
Note that the statement must be made even if the protest committee
member has no useful evidence to offer. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 64.1, DECISIONS: PENALTIES AND EXONERATION
The contents of the rule have been reordered and reworded. A new
rule 64.1(c) says that, if the race is restarted or resailed, rule 36
applies.
That is just a reminder. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 64.3, DECISIONS ON PROTESTS CONCERNING CLASS
RULES
This is a new title – it was previously Decisions on Measurement
Protests.
This may have expanded the scope of the rule a little, since class rules
address more than measurement issues.
The rule itself has references to measurement replaced with
references to class rules. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
The old rule 67 concerning hearings and penalties for breaking rule 42
has been deleted, since it had been overtaken by the procedures and
penalties in Appendix P, Special Procedures for Rule 42.
What had been rule 68, Damages is now rule 67, and there is no
longer any rule 68. ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 69, Allegations of Gross Misconduct has been substantially revised.
Rule 69.1(a) now for the first time places a positive responsibility on
competitors:
A competitor shall not commit gross misconduct, including a gross breach
of a rule, good manners or sportsmanship, or conduct bringing the sport
into disrepute. Throughout rule 69, ‘competitor’ means a member of the
crew, or the owner, of a boat. ►
There is a new ‘standard of proof’ in rule 69.2 hearings – has it been
established to the comfortable satisfaction of the protest committee,
bearing in mind the seriousness of the alleged misconduct, that the
competitor has broken rule 69.1(a)? (A national prescription could change
this if it conflicts with national law – the RYA has not made one). ►
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PART 5, PROTESTS, REDRESS, HEARINGS, MISCONDUCT AND
APPEALS
Rule 70.1(b), APPEALS AND REQUESTS TO A NATIONAL AUTHORITY
This says that
A boat may appeal when she is denied a hearing required by rule 63.1.
(i.e., she was denied the normal hearing of a protest or request). ►
Rule 71.2, National Authority Decisions now also says that
When the national authority decides that there shall be a new hearing, it
may appoint the protest committee. ►
Both of these changes arose from RYA submissions reflecting current
RYA practice. ►
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PART 7, RACE ORGANIZATION
Rule 90.3, SCORING
(c) When the race committee determines from its own records or
observations that it has scored a boat incorrectly, it shall correct the
error and make the corrected scores available to the competitors.
This new rule simplifies things for those race committees that thought
that this might require some sort of hearing. ►
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PART 7, RACE ORGANIZATION
Rule 91(b), PROTEST COMMITTEE
The rule is edited to clarify that an international jury shall be composed
as required by rule N1 and have the authority and responsibilities
stated in rule N1. ►
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APPENDIX L, SAILING INSTRUCTIONS GUIDE
The suggested wording in L16.2 for the protest time limit includes
saying that the time will also run from the race committee signalling no
more racing today, if that is later than the time the last boat finishes the
last race of the day.
This addresses the situation when boats are held afloat while the race
committee unsuccessfully tries to get another race started – so if AP
over A is then displayed, this may already be several hours after the
end of what is now the last race of the day. ►
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APPENDIX M, RECOMMENDATION FOR PROTEST COMMITTEES
M4.2 gives guidance on what is ‘new evidence’ in connection rule 66,
Reopening a Hearing.
Evidence is ‘new’
• if it was not reasonably possible for the party to asking for the
reopening to have discovered the evidence before the original hearing,
• if the protest committee is satisfied that before the original hearing
the evidence was diligently but unsuccessfully sought by the party
asking for the reopening, or
• if the protest committee learns from any source that the evidence was
not available to the parties at the time of the original hearing.
(This clarification arose from an RYA submission) ►
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APPENDIX R, PROCEDURES FOR APPEALS AND REQUESTS
Rule R2, Submission of Documents now provides for a failure to hold
the hearing of a protest or request for redress, and a failure to provide
a potential appellant with a copy of the decision.
Rule R4 is now titled Comments and Clarifications, reflecting the fact
that new rule R4.3 entitles the national authority to seek clarifications
of rules governing the event from organizations that are not parties to
the hearing.
These will include class associations and rating authorities. Unlike a
reference to one of those bodies by a protest committee under rule
64.3(b), the answer is not binding on the national authority. ►
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RYA PRESCRIPTIONS
The words underscored here were added to the prescription to what is now
rule 67, Damages in 2012:
Any issue of liability or claim for damages…. ►
The prescription to rule 76, Exclusion of Boats or Competitors is deleted,
since the rule has been changed. ►
The submission to rule R2.1, Submission of Appeal is simplified. A new rule
R2.4 is added by prescription:
If the appellant does not comply with rule R2.1 as prescribed or the protest
committee does not comply with rule R2.3, the RYA will refuse to hear the
appeal unless there are exceptional circumstances. If other parties to the
protest or the protest committee do not meet the requirements of the
procedure, the RYA may decide the appeal as it sees fit. ►
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THAT’S IT!
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION – BEST WISHES FOR
SAFE, SUCCESSFUL AND REWARDING RACING.
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The Full Works
Mainly for Competitors
Mainly for Organizing Authorities and Race
Committees
Mainly for Protest Committees
193