Irish Project
Typology Approach
for Building Stock Energy Assessment
Michael Hanratty, IHER Energy Services
Energy Action Conference, 6th February 2012
"The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with the authors. It does not represent the opinion of the
Community. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein."1
2
Irish
Project
Irish TABULA Co-funders
"The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with the authors. It does not represent the opinion of the
Community. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein."3
What is the aim of TABULA ?
 TABULA aims to create a harmonised structure for European Building
Typologies
 Focus on residential buildings, but considerations also include nonresidential buildings
 13 European countries take part in the project to create a National
Building Typology based on the general approach
 Duration: June 2009 – May 2012
 Energy Action represents Ireland on the TABULA project
4
Expected results
 National data by each partner:
– typical values for thermal envelope areas,
U-values, performance of supply systems
– frequencies of building and system types
in the national stock
– energy saving measures on two levels:
calibration factors for adaptation of
calculated to measured consumption
 Energy saving potential for measures on the two
different levels - “standard” and “advanced”,
calculated with national methods and simplified
common method.
5
Main deliverables
 National Building Typology Brochures / Booklets
for each country
overview of the energy performance of typical buildings and
the possible energy saving by refurbishment measures /
target groups: national experts, energy consultants,
house owners, ...
 Building Typology Webtool Datasets of building and
system types from all countries + measures + online
calculation (common energy performance calculation method)
target group: experts involved in European /
international projects
6
The Irish TABULA Project
 Identify 25-40 national house/dwelling types
 Detailed analysis of each house type
– Model using DEAP and simplified common
TABULA method
– Model each type for both (1) standard and (2)
advanced improvements
– Present overview of each type on TABULA
Webtool and via brochures/ booklet
 Identify frequency of main house types to model
national housing stock
A National Advisory for TABULA includes representatives from
Government Departments (DCENR, DOEHLG), Local Authorities (DCC,
SDCC, DLR), ESB, ESRI and several consultants
7
Overview of Irish Housing Stock
Dwelling Type
Detached
house
Total
Semidetached
house
Terraced
house
Flat or
apartment
in a
purposebuilt block
Flat or
apartment
in a
converted
house or
commercial
building
Bed-sit
Not stated
Before 1919
154,352
82,951
15,748
37,111
3,037
11,235
2,678
1,592
1919 to 1940
107,645
48,394
22,056
29,146
2,552
3,339
978
1,180
1941 to 1960
142,414
49,140
40,935
43,461
4,634
2,300
661
1,283
1961 to 1970
112,969
41,777
40,435
22,727
5,248
1,369
486
927
1971 to 1980
212,382
98,182
67,698
37,306
5,763
1,348
417
1,668
1981 to 1990
166,021
85,700
45,064
24,337
7,977
1,134
396
1,413
1991 to 1995
93,086
43,071
30,232
8,341
9,604
927
243
668
1996 to 2000
154,774
71,973
51,327
11,455
17,093
1,450
355
1,121
2001 or later
249,443
94,408
71,378
32,957
44,991
2,230
783
2,696
69,210
10,392
13,487
10,681
8,967
4,674
1,754
19,255
1,462,296
625,988
398,360
257,522
109,866
30,006
8,751
31,803
Not stated
Total
Source:
Census 2006
8
Defining the Irish Typology in TABULA.xls
 Appendix S of DEAP Methodology used as starting
point
– Exposed Wall U Values for different age bands
– SEAI provided breakdown of 115,000 BER certs
published by September 2010
9
Exposed Wall U Values
Age Band
A
B
C
‘29
‘49
D
E
F[1]
G
H
‘77
‘82
‘93
‘99
I
J
to
Wall type
1900
‘66
‘04
‘05+
stone
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.1
0.6
0.45
0.45
0.27
225mm solid brick
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.1
0.6
0.45
0.45
0.27
325mm solid brick
1.64
1.64
1.64
1.64
1.64
1.1
0.6
0.45
0.45
0.27
300mm cavity
2.1
1.78
1.78
1.78
1.78
1.1
0.6
0.45
0.45
0.27
300mm filled cavity
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.45
0.45
0.27
solid mass concrete
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
2.2
1.1
0.6
0.45
0.45
0.27
concrete hollow block
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
1.1
0.6
0.45
0.45
0.27
timber frame
2.5
1.9
1.9
1.1
1.1
1.1
0.6
0.45
0.45
0.27
10
Irish Age Bands - based on Appendix S
Age Band
A
B
Before 19001900 1929
C
19301949
D
19501966
E
19671977
F
19781982
G
19831993
H
19941999
I
J
2000- 2005
2004 onwards Total
2,150
1,554
1,588
1,369
720
473
944
1,466
1,876
1,562
13,702
200
303
449
574
269
96
209
344
664
981
4,089
325 solid brick
351
417
660
570
180
81
203
202
261
220
3,145
300 mm cavity
300 mm filled
cavity
solid mass
concrete
concrete hollow
block
22
130
433
2,065
3,294
2,754
5,808
7,102 11,108 14,267
46,983
9
15
83
432
1,040
877
1,649
2,552
4,782
6,203
17,642
102
173
941
792
186
69
185
425
766
2,783
6,422
9
25
131
668
1,069
557
753
718
703
884
5,517
timber frame
12
11
8
26
138
46
169
712
2,338
5,891
9,351
other
94
89
111
91
115
80
237
264
1,042
6,526
8,649
2,949
2,717
4,404
6,587
7,011
Wall type
stone
255mm solid
brick
Total age walls:
5,033 10,157 13,785 23,540 39,317
Data from SEAI: September 2010
115,500
11
Irish Age Bands - based on Appendix S
Age Band
A
bef
1900
B
19001929
C
19301949
D
19501966
E
19671977
F
19781982
G
19831993
stone
255mm solid
brick
73%
57%
36%
21%
10%
9%
7%
11%
10%
9%
4%
325 solid brick
12%
15%
15%
9%
300 mm cavity
300 mm filled
cavity
solid mass
concrete
concrete hollow
block
1%
5%
10%
0%
1%
3%
Wall type
Same table by
H
I
J
percentages
199420002005
1999
2004
onw
9%
11%
8%
4%
2%
2%
2%
3%
2%
3%
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%
31%
47%
55%
57%
52%
47%
36%
2%
7%
15%
17%
16%
19%
20%
16%
6%
21%
12%
3%
1%
2%
3%
3%
7%
0%
1%
3%
10%
15%
11%
7%
5%
3%
2%
timber frame
0%
0%
0%
0%
2%
1%
2%
5%
10%
15%
other
3%
3%
3%
1%
2%
2%
2%
2%
4%
17%
Total age walls:
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Total age BER's
2,949
2,717
4,404
6,587
7,011
5,033
10,157 13,785 23,540 39,317
Data from SEAI: September 2010
12
Irish Age Bands - based on
Appendix S
Age Band
A
Before
1900
B
19001929
C
19301949
D
19501966
E
19671977
stone
225mm solid
brick
73%
57%
36%
21%
10%
9%
7%
11%
10%
9%
4%
2%
325 solid brick
12%
15%
15%
9%
3%
2%
2%
1%
1%
1%
300 mm cavity
300 mm filled
cavity
solid mass
concrete
concrete hollow
block
1%
5%
10%
31%
47%
55%
57%
52%
47%
36%
0%
1%
2%
7%
15%
17%
16%
19%
20%
16%
3%
6%
21%
12%
3%
1%
2%
3%
3%
7%
0%
1%
3%
10%
15%
11%
7%
5%
3%
2%
timber frame
0%
0%
0%
0%
2%
1%
2%
5%
10%
15%
other
3%
3%
3%
1%
2%
2%
2%
2%
4%
17%
Total age walls:
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
100%
Total age BER's
2,949
2,717
4,404
6,587
7,011
5,033 10,157 13,785 23,540 39,317
Wall type
F
G
H
I
J
1978- 1983- 1994- 20002005
1982 Certain
1993 wall
1999 types
2004 in onwds
selected
age bands
9%
11%
8%
were minimal and
2%
2%
3%
could
be ignored
Data from SEAI: September 2010
4%
2%
13
Irish Dwelling types
have been categorised and coded to create
the Irish building typology for TABULA
29 Irish house types
5 Irish apartment types
Buildings from all EU countries have
been coded in TABULA.xls
14
Building age coding
Five distinct building construction age bands have
been selected to cover Irish dwelling types.
Construction Year Class
Code
1800-1977
1
1978-1982
2
1983-1993
3
1994-2004
4
2005-onwards
5
15
Construction type coding
Range of additional parameters have been selected
to cover construction types
code
Stone
description
stone
code
MasConc
225SB 225mm solid brick
HBlock
325SB 325mm solid brick
HBlockHBF
gen
empty or filled cavity
HBlockFBF
Timbfr
description
mass concrete
hollow block
hollow block- half
brick front
hollow block -full
brick front
Timber frame
construction
16
Irish TABULA House Types within
Appendix S Age Bands & Wall Types
Age Band
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
Wall type
bef
1900
19001929
19301949
19501966
19671977
19781982
19781983
19941999
20002004
2005
onw
stone
255mm solid
brick
3,4
325 solid brick
7,8
300 mm cavity
300 mm filled
cavity
solid mass
concrete
concrete hollow
block
1,2
timber frame
5,6
14,15
18,19
16,17
20,21
22,23
26,27
9&10
11,12,13
24,25
28,29
17
TABULA Building Matrix of Irish Dwellings
18
Standard Measures (Stage 1)
Based on SEAI Better Energy Homes Standard
Stage 1 Measures
Roof U-Value
Flat roofs
Wall U-Value
Wooden Floor (replace)
Windows U-Value
Doors (PVC)
Space heat generator
efficiency
Water heat generator
efficiency
Upgrade Standards
0.13 W/m2K
0.22 W/m2K
0.27 W/m2K
0.25 W/m2K
2 W/m2K
2 W/m2K
Heating controls
Cylinder Insulation
Full zone control
50mm, spray foam
90% gas, oil
90% gas, oil
All of these improvement measures
are coded in TABULA.xls
19
Advanced Measures: (Stage 2) Proposal
Stage 2 Measures
Roof U-Value
Flat roof
Wall U-Value
Windows U-Value
Upgrade Standards
0.13 W/m2K
0.20 Wm2K
0.21 W/m2K
1.3 W/m2K
2 W/m2K
Heat pump: 380% min air, 400%
Space heat generator efficiency ground
Heat pump: 380% min air, 400%
Water heat generator efficiency ground
Doors (PVC)
(4m2
Plus Solar thermal
to
Heating controls
Cylinder Insulation
Mechanical Heat Recovery
Ventilation
6m2)
40% contribution of total energy
(10% electric immersion)
Full zone control
50mm, spray foam
80% minimum efficiency
Stage 2 is an advancement on
SEAI Better Energy Homes Scheme
U Values based on Part L 2011
20
no
Age Band:
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
1900-1977
1900-1977
1900-1977
1900-1977
1900-1977
1900-1977
1900-1977
1900-1977
9
House type
Current State
Stage 1
Stage 2
SFH.01.Gen
TH.01.Gen
SFH.01.Stone
TH.01.Stone
SFH.01.225SB
TH.01.225SB
SFH.01.325SB
TH.01.325SB
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
G
B3
B3
C1
C1
C1
B3
B2
C1
B1
B1
B1
B2
B3
B1
B1
B2
1900-1977
SFH.01.MassConc
G
C1
B3
10
11
1900-1977
1900-1977
TH.01.MassConc
SFH.01.Hblock
F
G
B2
B3
B1
B1
12
1900-1977
TH.01.HBlockFBF
G
B3
B1
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
1900-1977
1978-1982
1978-1982
1978-1982
1978-1982
1983-1993
1983-1993
1983-1993
1983-1993
1994-2004
1994-2004
1994-2004
1994-2004
2005-onw
2005-onw
2005-onw
2005-onw
TH.01.HBlockHBF
SFH.02.Gen
TH.02.Gen
SFH.02.Hblock
TH.02.Hblock
SFH.03.Gen
TH.03.Gen
SFH.03.Hblock
TH.03.Hblock
SFH.04.Gen
TH.04.Gen
SFH.04.Tframe
TH.04.Tframe
SFH.05.Gen
TH.05.Gen
SFH.05.Tframe
TH.05.Tframe
G
E2
E1
E1
E2
E1
D2
D1
D2
D2
C2
C3
C3
C1
B3
C1
B2
B2
B3
B2
B3
B2
B3
B3
B2
B2
C1
B2
B3
B3
B2
B2
B2
B2
B1
B1
B1
B1
B1
B2
B2
B1
A3
B3
B1
B2
B2
B1
B1
B1
B1
Refurbishment
Analysis
Results
(based on SEAI
DEAP
Calculation)
21
TABULA Brochures
of
Typical Irish Dwellings
22
23
24
25
Running costs (€)
House Type 11 Current State
6608
Standard Refurbishment
1738
Advanced Refurbishment
868
26
External Wall Insulation to 2 neighbouring
bungalows in Malahide in 2010
Before
After
kWh/m2/a BER Grade kWh/m2/a BER Grade
House A
297
D2
206
C3
House B
332
E1
238
D1
House A: Had 85% efficient oil boiler and limited heating
controls
House B: Had old Potterton gas boiler (68% efficient),
limited heating controls
Walls and roofs were insulated to 2008 Building
Regulations but neither house had floor insulation
27
TABULA Webtool
http://webtool.building-typology.eu/webtool/tabula.html?c=all
28
TABULA Webtool
Click on your Irish house type
for full details…..
29
TABULA Webtool
You can select Polish buildings
30
TABULA Webtool
Or Czech buildings
or……………. wherever you like
31
Then click on your heating
system option……
32
Lots of
calculation data
is provided for
the 3 stages…
…here is energy
needed for
heating
33
You can review the
energy balance for the
building fabric and the
heating system for the
existing building….
34
National Brochures
The TABULA webtool also
provides background
calculation data for the
building and the heating
system at all stages. ….
This is all within the Standard version of
the webtool .. .there will be a more
advanced level version too!
35
Comparing TABULA Results to data in
SEAI’s Database of 225,00 BERs
TABULA Typical
Primary Energy
TABULA
Value
Type
Age Band: TABULA House type kWh/m2/a
SEAI NAS
Average Primary
Energy Value
kWh/m2/a
Variation
Variation as %
of TABULA
SEAI NAS
typical Primary Max
SEAI Min
Energy Value kWh/m2/a kWh/m2/a
1 1900-1977 SFH.01.Gen
484
366
118
24%
8901
75
2 1900-1977 TH.01.Gen
489
314
175
36%
8031
101
3 1900-1977 SFH.01.Stone
618
440
178
29%
11824
95
4 1900-1977 TH.01.Stone
607
410
197
32%
6724
93
5 1900-1977 SFH.01.225SB
634
443
191
30%
1736
119
6 1900-1977 TH.01.225SB
464
390
73
16%
5627
119
7 1900-1977 SFH.01.325SB
454
383
71
16%
2702
110
8 1900-1977 TH.01.325SB
632
381
250
40%
6484
98
9 1900-1977 SFH.01.MassConc
657
507
150
23%
15393
121
Source: SEAI, October 2011
1. BER database includes many houses that
have received grant-supported upgrades
2. TABULA house type are based on one
specific fuel type
36
Refurbishment Rates from SEAI Better
Energy Homes (including HES, WHS, GHS)
2007-2011
Grant-aided Thermal
Upgrade Measures
Measures as % of
Total Housing
2007-2011
(1.6m)
Wall Insulation Measures
28,974
0.18%
Roof insulation measures
57,121
0.36%
Solar thermal Installations
24,071
0.15%
37
Conclusions & Recommendations
 The Irish BER database is a rich resource of Irish building
energy statistical data. However, it is not a scientific source of
research data.
 Deeper analysis by cross-referencing the BER database to
Irish TABULA types:
– will provide further insights into retrofitting policy and
practice
– will enable a national energy balance to be developed
 Building data within the Irish census needs to be matched with
building energy performance methodologies
 A national house condition survey is critical to track the energy
performance levels of Irish housing stock
38
Final Steps
 TABULA International Expert Workshop
"Energy Assessment of National Housing Stocks Building Typologies will take place on Wednesday, 29th
February 2012 in framework of the "World Sustainable Energy
Days 2012„ in Wels / AUSTRIA – YOU Are all welcome!
 A master report containing all Irish brochures will be published
by end February 2012
 Scientific Report of Irish Tabula project will be developed by
end April 2012
 The Irish typology will hopefully be further developed and
expanded after the programme finishes in May 2012
39
Irish
Project
www.building-typology.eu
www.iher.ie
01 4548300
michael@iher.ie
"The sole responsibility for the content of this presentation lies with the authors. It does not represent the opinion of the
40
Community. The European Commission is not responsible for any use that may be made of the information contained therein."