Livestock and Poultry Sectors
in Pakistan
Dr. M. Afzal
Chairman
Pakistan Agricultural Research Council
Islamabad
Livestock in national economy
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Livestock in Pak GDP
11.4 %
Share in agri. GDP
53.2 %
Livestock in export
8.5 %
Dependent families
> 8.5 m
Provides raw material for industry
Social security for rural poor
Security against crop failure in
barani areas
Livestock Population
Province
Pakistan (2006)
Pakistan (2010)
Cattle Buffalo
29.6
34.3
27.3
30.8
(Million Heads)
Sheep Goat Camel
26.5
27.8
53.8
59.9
0.9
1.0
Per cent distribution
Khyber Phakhtunkhaw 20
Punjab
49
Sindh
23
Balochistan
8
7
65
27
1
13
24
15
48
18
37
23
22
7
22
30
41
Economic Survey (2009-10)
Livestock Census (2006)
Livestock Population Trend
60000
Numbers (X 000)
50000
40000
Cattle
Buffaloes
30000
Sheep
Goats
20000
10000
0
1955
1960
1972
1976
Census Year
1986
1996
2006
Number of households reporting livestock (2006)
Million Households
Herd
Size
Cattle
Buffalo
Flock
Size
Sheep
Goat
1-6
5.204
(84.1)
5.001
(83.4)
1-30
1.390
(88.9)
6.576
(96.7)
7-15
0.826
(13.3)
0.843
(14.1)
31-75
0.119
(7.6)
0.173
(2.5)
16-50
0.140
(2.3)
0.140
(2.3)
76-350
0.050
(3.2)
0.049
(0.7)
> 50
0.018
(0.3)
0.012
(0.2)
> 350
0.005
(0.3)
0.004
(0.1)
Total
6.188
(100)
5.996
(100)
Total
1.564
(100)
6.802
(100)
Values in parentheses indicate %age
Herd Size Profile in Pakistan (2006)
Million animals
Herd
Size
Cattle
Buffalo
Flock
Size
Sheep
Goat
1-6
14.9
(50.3)
14.4
(52.7)
1-30
9.9
(37.4)
36.2
(67.3)
7-15
7.7
(26.1)
7.8
(28.6)
31-75
5.5
(20.8)
7.8
(14.5)
16-50
3.3
(11.1)
3.2
(11.7)
76-350
6.9
(26.0)
6.5
(12.1)
> 50
3.7
(12.5)
1.9
(7.0)
> 350
4.2
(15.8)
3.3
(6.1)
Total
29.6
(100)
27.3
(100)
Total
26.5
(100)
53.8
(100)
Values in parentheses indicate %age
Livestock Production Systems
• Cattle and Buffaloes
- Rural Subsistence Small Holdings
- Rural Market Oriented Small Holdings
- Rural Commercial Farming
- Peri-urban/Urban Commercial Dairying
- Desert Cattle Farming
- Corporate Dairy Farming
• Sheep and Goats
- Nomadic
- Transhumant
- Sedentary / Household
• Poultry
- Rural (range) Poultry
- Intensive Poultry
Traditional Rural Poultry
• Almost every rural household and some urban
households raise poultry
• Poultry Population
73.65 million
• Contribution to egg production 41.6%
• Contribution to meat production 24.3%
• Breeds: 3 local, 2 imported
• Hatching: Brooding hens
• Feeding: Scavengers
• Important Diseases: Newcastle disease, Fowl
cholera, Fowl pox
Census 2006
Intensive (Commercial) Poultry
• History
–
–
–
–
–
1963-65Beginning of commercial poultry
1970s Broiler and layer farms
1980s Breeders farms, chick quality improvement
1990s Grand parents, better management
2000s Environmentally controlled housing,
Processing and value chain
• Status
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Share in poultry meat
Share in eggs
Grand parents
Breeders
Layers
Broilers
Farms
Hatcheries
Feed Mills
75.7 %
58.4 %
5 companies
6.8 million
25 million
434 million
25,897
305
154
Dairy Sub-sector
• Total milk production (09-10) 36.299 m tons
• Milk market
– Producers (self or direct selling)
– Informal market (Gawala operated)
– Formal dairy industry
68.0 %
28.5 %
3.5 %
• Dairy industry
– 25 out of 49 dairy plants are operational
– Main players are Nestle, Engro, Haleeb, Shakargang,
Millac
– Main products are UHT and Pasteurized milk, Milk
powder, Yougurt, Cream, Cheese, etc.
– 3.0 million litres per day being procurement
– Rs 63 million daily going to rural economy
Meat Sub-sector
• Total meat production (09-10)
2.965 million tons
– Beef Production
1.655 million tons
– Mutton Production
0.603 million tons
– Poultry Meat
0.707 million tons
• Meat market
– Butchers operated shops, many slaughter at shops
– Main players at slaughter house are “Arties”
– Mainly fresh meat selling
– A few chilled meat selling modern butcheries started
• Meat industry
– 80 % slaughtering done outside out side slaughterhouses
– Local governments own and operate slaughter houses,
generally rated as unhygienic
– 11 private sector slaughter houses registered by Animal
Quarantine Department and importing countries
– Total export is < 0.6 percent of the production
– 46 casing factories processing guts for export
– Bone meal / gelatin also being exported
Roles in Livestock Development
• Federal
– National policies, planning & economic coordination
– Import/export of animals and animal products and
animal quarantine
– Research and international coordination
– Catalyst for livestock development
• Provincial
– Livestock Development
– Veterinary Vaccine Production
– Disease surveillance and reporting
– Livestock research
– Livestock production and health education
– Milk and meat quality
• District
– Veterinary Health service (Preventive & Curative)
– Breeding services (Artificial insemination)
– Animal slaughtering
– Livestock Markets
Veterinary Institutions in Pakistan
Region Vet
Res/Vac
faculty Inst.
Hospital Dispens Vet.
aries
Centres
Labs
Punjab
6
1
530
1213
1713
28
Sindh
1
2
119
60
608
7
NWFP
2
1
98
363
218
7
Baloch.
1
1
116
783
-
15
AJK
1
-
59
66
129
6
NA
-
-
12
165
-
7
FATA
-
-
25
212
207
1
ICT
-
1
4
7
-
1
11
6
963
2869
2875
72
Total
Production Institutions in Pakistan
Region Teach Research Tech
faculty Institute Trg
Ins
SP + AI
centres
Farm
(L+P)
Ext
Centre
Punjab
6
4
2
6+835
22+9
-
Sindh
1
1
2
2+76
5+14
-
KPK
1
1
1
3+331*
5+3
-
Baloch.
1
1
1
1+64
14+18
-
AJK
1
1
-
38
1+4
184
NA
-
-
-
1+4
-
FATA
-
-
-
1+118
+1
-
ICT
-
-
-
+11
-
1
10
8
6
Total
13+1473 48+53
185
Livestock Development Constraints
• Inadequate feed resources (short by 30%)
• Widespread breeding of genetically inferior
livestock
• Epidemics of infectious diseases
• Poor marketing infrastructure
• Inadequate institutional infrastructure
• Outdated regulatory framework
• Limited credit availability to the livestock farmers
(1/10 of agricultural credit)
• Low investment by government
Livestock Development Policy
Vision
Promoting livestock to provide safe and quality
products at competitive prices, covering entire
value chain with focus on market and poverty
reduction
Policy
Private sector led development with public sector
providing enabling environment
Strategy
– Private sector led
– Increase in productivity
– Moving from subsistence farming to marketoriented and commercial farming
– Covering entire value chain
Poultry Development Policy
• Vision
Supply of wholesome poultry meat, eggs and
value added products to the domestic and
international markets at competitive prices
• Policy
Facilitate and support private sector-led
development for sustainable poultry products
• Strategy
– Hi-tech intensive poultry production
– Processing and value addition
– Improving bio-security
– Disease control and genetic improvement in
rural poultry