SEMINAR 20 YEARS OF ABACC
Rio de Janeiro, Brazil,
Palácio Itamaraty,
10 - 11 November 2011
State system of accounting for
and control of nuclear material
(SSAC) in Japan
Seiji Uchikoshi
Nuclear Material Control Center
JAPAN
1
Contents of presentation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Basic Policy
Structure of SSAC
Large Complex Programm in Japan
SSAC Inspection in Japan (2010)
Implementation of Additional Protocol
Introduction and Implementation of
Integrated Safeguards
7. Summary
2
Basic Policy
commitment to peaceful Uses of nuclear energy
● Atomic Energy Basic Law(1955)
● Law for Regulation of Nuclear Source Material,
Nuclear Fuel Material and Reactors(1957)
● Three Non‐Nuclear Principles (since 1967)
● NPT CSA (Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement)
INFCIRC/153Type(1976)
● Additional Protocol INFCIRC/540Type（1999）
3
History of related national
safeguards activities in Japan
● July 1957 : IAEA’s Activities started
● May 1964 : First Inspection was done by IAEA in Japan
● May 1976 : Japan joined NPT
● December 1977 : Entry into force IAEA/JAPAN
Safeguards Agreement
● December 1999 : Entry into force Additional Protocol
● June 2004 : First Broader Conclusion for Japan by IAEA
● September 2004 : Integrated Safeguards Implementation
4
Organization for safeguards
implementation in Japan
JSGO(Japan Safeguards Office), MEXT
● Responsible for Safeguards Implementation in
Japan
● Cooperation with IAEA
● Supervision of NMCC
NMCC（Nuclear Material Control Center)
● Designated Organization by Law
● Safeguards Information Processing and Safeguards
Inspection
5
Nuclear Material Control Center
● Established in 15 April 1972
● Designated by the Government
- 1977 Data processing (including Data
Analysis)
- 1999 Inspection (including Destructive
Analysis (DA+DA Lab.) / Non Destructive
Analysis (NDA))
6
SSAC Structure in Japan
BIRATERAL AGREEMENT
COUNTRIES
International Atomic Energy Agency
Annual
Declaration
Complementary
Access
- Accountancy
Report
- Inspection
Report
- Inspection Result
- Conclusion
- Report on Inventory
& Material Transfer
- Notification/Confirmation of
Transfer etc.
GOVERNMENT OF JAPAN (Japan Safeguards Office, MEXT)
Data Processing
International
Inspection
Accountancy
Report
NUCLEAR MATERIAL CONROL CENTER
Report on buildings,
activities, etc. under AP
National Inspection
Inspection
Additional Protocol (INFCIRC/540)
- Nuclear fuel-related R&D activities without NM
- Buildings in sites
- Activities specified in Annex I
- Uranium mines, etc.
Comprehensive Safeguards Agreement (INFCIRC/153)
NUCLEAR FACILITIES
State Inspection Scheme
MEXT
(JSGO)
Routine Inspection Assignment
-Access
-Item count
-Book Audit
-NDA
-DA sampling -C/S
-Scheduling
-Inspection
-DIV
-CA
Inspection
Reports
(inspection results
& analysis results)
Inspection
Nuclear
Facilities
NMCC
NMCC is only the organization
which has been approved on
the national law to carry out the
national SG inspection
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Large complex nuclear programme
in Japan
● Reactors :
54LWRs, 24 Research Reactors
● Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities :
2 Enrichment Plants, 3 Reprocessing plants,
2 MOX Fuel Fabrication Facilities
● Routine Inspection Efforts Per Year :
Approximately 2,500 – 3,000 PDIs(Person Days
of Inspection)
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Safeguards Inspection for Main Facilities
TOKAI Branch
: Under IS
RRCAs
DNLEU FFPs : Under IS
Spent Fuel Storage : Under IS
JNC-1
JNC-2
: Under IS
JNC-4
: Under IS
JNC-5
: Under TS
Small Facilities/LOF
: Under TS
ROKKASHO Branch
Rokkasho
・JNFL LEU Enrichment Plant (REP)
・JNFL Reprocessing Plant (RRP)
: Under IS
Tokai Area
・ JAEA (FCA, TCA,JRR-2,3,4, NSRR,VHTRC)
( SCF,R&D)
(PCDF,PPFF,PFPF,TRP,R&D)
・TODAI -YAYOI
・JAEA -Monju
・JAEA -Fugen
・ JAEA -Ningyo
(LEU Enrichment Plant/R&D)
Tokyo
Osaka
・DNLEU FFPs (MNF/NFI-T)
・JCO R&D
・NDC-HL
Oarai Area
・NFD-HL
・DNLEU FFP (GNF-J)
・DNLEU FFP (NFI-K)
・Kyoto University (KUCA)
・Kyoto University (KUR)
・ JAEA (JMTR,JMTRC,HTTR, R&D)
( DCA, JOYO,FMF,JNC-O R&D)
・NRF TSUKUBA
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Safeguards Inspection for LWRｓ
Under IS=RII, IIV, Pre-PIV, post-PIV, PIV-E
LWR(54 units) = BWR (30 units) + PWR (24 units)
Tohoku EPCO-Higashidori
: Fresh MOX use
2011.1.1
Tomari
Ohma
Kashiwazaki
TEPCO-Higashidori
Shika
Onagawa
Tsurga
Namie-Odaka
Mihama
Fukushima-Daiichi
Ohi
Fukushima-Daini
Takahama
Tokai-2
Shimane
Hamaoka
Kaminoseki
Ikata
Sendai
Genkai
Units
Operating
Output Scale
Under Construction
Total Output (MW)
Operating
Under Construction
Preparing for Construction
< 500MW
< 1,000MW
Over 1,000MW
Preparing for Construction
Total
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Number of Obligatory Accounting
Records and Reports(3/3)
Number of reports processed by NMCC
1,200,000
1,150,000
1,100,000
1,050,000
1,000,000
950,000
900,000
850,000
800,000
750,000
700,000
650,000
600,000
550,000
500,000
450,000
400,000
350,000
300,000
250,000
200,000
150,000
100,000
50,000
0
OCR
MBR
PIL
ICR
77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10
FISICAL YEAR
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SSAC Inspections in Japan for 2010
Categories
Number
of
Facilities
and LOFs
Number of
Material
Accountancy
Reports
Persons
Day
Inspection
Data
(PDI)
JSGO
NMCC
Fabrications
6
486
31605
330
24
306
Reactors
81
3,323
295,043
599
46
553
Reprocessing
3
862
71,884
1,038
106
932
R&Ds, LOFs
209
1,931
85,589
418
32
386
Total
299
6,572
484,121
2,385
208
2,177
Note: PDI does not include the persons day of DIV and CA
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Implementation of Additional
protocol(Declaration)
● Initial Declaration(June 2000)
Annual up-date Declaration (Middle of May
in Every Year)
● 198 Sites (7,183Buildings)
120 Nuclear Fuel Cycle Related R&D
Activities by the Government
28 annex I Activities (INFCIRC/540)
were declared (as of End of Dec. 2010).
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Complimentary Access (CA)
● One of Purposes of CA is to confirm the absence of
undeclared nuclear material and activities etc. at
sites
● CAs were carried out by IAEA from November
2000 to December 2010
15
Broader Conclusion on Japan
● Introductory Statement of the Director
General of IAEA at Board of Governors(14
June 2004)
“I am pleased to note that the secretariat was
recently able to reach all conclusions needed
for the implementation of integrated
safeguards in Japan-the State with largest
nuclear programme subject to Agency
safeguards. ・・・・”
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Introduction of IS (Integrated
Safeguards) in JAPAN (1/2)
● Smooth Implementation of IS in Japan
Since September 2004 when Japan’s IS was
introduced, the IS approaches has been implemented
successfully, phased implementation.
● Development of IS Approaches
- Dec.1999 : Into force of the Additional Protocol
- Jun. 2004 : The Broader Conclusion was drawn for
Japan
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Introduction of IS (Integrated
Safeguards) in JAPAN (2/2)
Development of facility-level approach and site approach.
1) LWRs w/o MOX
2) Spent fuel Storage
3) RRCAs
4) LWRs with MOX
5) DNLEU Fuel Fabrication Plants
6) JAEA-Tokai area (JNC-1)
7) JAEA-Monju (JNC-4)
8) JAEA-Oarai (JNC-2)
9) JAEA-Ningyo (JNC-5)
10) JNFL-2
11) Small Facilities/LOF
Since September 2004.
Since September 2004.
Since September 2004.
Since January 2005.
Since January 2005.
Since August 2008.
Since October 2009.
Since December 2010.
Since January 2011.
Since January 2011.
Since January 2011.
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Concept of IS
● An optimum combination of all safeguards measures
available to the IAEA under CSA and Additional
Protocol to achieve the maximum effectiveness and
efficiency
● Reduction in verification effort for declared material,
based on assurance of the absence of undeclared
nuclear material and activities through Additional
Protocol Measure
● Utilization of Random Interim Inspections (RII) etc.
19
Implementation of IS
● IS has been implemented smoothly
● Preliminary data indicated Reduction of SSAC
inspection PDIs
● LWRs: Much reduction has been confirmed since
2004 in inspection activities
● As for IS, it is necessary for SSAC to streamline the
resource for the inspection (including stand-by
personnel)
20
SSAC Inspection Effort at LWRs
250
IS
(September)
PWR
BWR
200
PDI
150
100
50
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year
21
SSAC Inspection Effort at RRCAs
IS (September)
300
250
PDI
200
150
100
50
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year
22
SSAC Inspection Effort
at DNLEU FFPs
300
250
IS (January)
PDI
200
150
100
50
0
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Year
23
SSAC PDIs of IS Site Type distinction
JNFL-2
2011/01/01
3000
JNFL-1(RRP)
2500
Small Facility/LOFs
2011/01/01
SFSFｓ
2004/9/15
2000
JNC-5
2011/01/01
1500
JNC-4
2009/11/18
JNC-2
2010/12/01
1000
JNC-1
2008/08/01
500
DNLEU FFPｓ
2005/01/01
RRCA
2004/09/15
0
2003
PDI
2004
PDI
2005
PDI
2006
PDI
2007
PDI
2008
PDI
2009
PDI
2010
PDI
Light Water Reactor
2004/09/15
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Summary
● IS has been introduced very smoothly under SSAC,
and JSGO/NMCC will continue to cooperate with
IAEA to maintain smooth implementation.
● Further improvement of efficiency could be
achieved through SLA or enhanced co-operation
with IAEA. To this end, development of IS approach
should be promoted.
● Continued cooperation among the relevant parties is
essential for implementation of Rokkasho
Reprocessing Plant Safeguards.
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THANK you for your attention!
End
Fim
終
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