Preliminary Key Findings
2013-14 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey
The 2013-14 Zambia Demographic and Health Survey was implemented by the Central
Statistical Office (CSO) in partnership with the Ministry of Health as well as the University
Teaching Hospital (UTH) – Virology Laboratory, the Tropical Disease Research Center (TDRC)
and the Department of Population Studies at the University of Zambia (UNZA). The
Government through the Ministry of Health and the Ministry of Finance provided funding
for the survey. ICF International provided technical assistance as well as funding to the
project through The DHS Program, a USAID-funded project providing support and technical
assistance in the implementation of population and health surveys in countries worldwide.
Additional funding for the ZDHS was provided by the United States Agency for International
Development (USAID), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the United
Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), and the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF).
Objectives
The primary objective of the 2013-14 ZDHS was to provide
up-to-date information on fertility levels, fertility
preferences, awareness and use of family planning
methods, child feeding practices, nutritional status of
women and children, awareness and attitudes regarding
HIV and AIDS, sexual behavior and condom use, maternal
and child health, adult and childhood mortality, and
domestic violence. This information is intended to assist
policymakers and programme managers in evaluating and
designing programmes and strategies for improving health
and family planning services in the country.
The Survey
• It is the 5th Demographic and Health Survey
conducted in Zambia as part of The DHS Program.
• It was designed to provide estimates at the national
and provincial levels as well as urban and rural levels
Survey Activities
Activity
Time
Listing
November 2012-January 2013
Training of Trainers
November 2012
Pretest
February 2013
Main training
May-June 2013
Data collection
August 2013- April 2014
Data processing
September 2013-June 2014
Results of the household
and individual interviews
Households Selected
Households Occupied
Households Interviewed
Household Response Rate
18,052
16,258
15,920
98%
Eligible Women
Women Interviewed
17,064
16,411
Response Rate
96%
Eligible Men
Men Interviewed
18,229
14,773
Response Rate
91%
Background characteristics
Percent distribution of women and men aged 15-49
25
15-19
22
17
18
20-24
14
25-29
17
14
15
30-34
12
12
35-39
10
40-44
45-49
9
7
6
Men
Women
Background characteristics
Percent distribution of women and men aged 15-49
53
54
Rural
47
46
Urban
North Western
Muchinga
Western
Luapula
Northern
Central
Eastern
Southern
Copperbelt
Lusaka
4
4
5
5
5
6
6
7
7
7
Men
Women
9
9
13
12
13
12
18
17
21
20
Educational Attainment
of Respondents Age 15-49
Percent of women and men age 15-49
5
8
40
49
More than secondary
Secondary
Primary
No education
47
40
8
4
Women
Men
Marital Status
Percent distribution of women and men age 15-49
Men
44
Never married
28
51
Married
Living together
Divorced/separated
Widowed
Women
60
1
1
4
9
<1
4
Fertility Trends
TFR for women age 15-49
6.5
6.1
5.9
6.2
5.3
1992
1996
2001-02
2007
2013-14
Trends in Use of Family Planning
Percent of currently married women age 15-49
1992
1996
2001-02
49
2007
2013-14
45
41
34
33
26
25
15
14
9
Any method
Any modern method
12
6
9
8
4
Traditional method
Trends in Childhood Mortality
Deaths per 1,000 live births for the 5-year period before the survey
1992
1996
2001-02
2007
2013-14
191 197
168
107 109
119
95
75
70
43 35 37
34
45
24
Neonatal Mortality
Infant Mortality
Under-five Mortality
Trends in Immunization Coverage
Percent of children 12-23 months fully vaccinated
78
67
1992
1996
70
68
68
2001-02
2007
2013-14
Trends in Immunization Coverage
Percent of children 12-23 months fully vaccinated
1992
95 97 94 92 95
86
77
80 80
1996
86
84
76
2001-02
80 77 78 77
2007
2013-14
87 84 85 85
78
67
70 68 68
4 2 3 6 2
BCG
DPT 3
Polio 3
Measles
All
None
Childhood Illness Prevalence
Percent of children under 5 with diarrhoea, fever, symptoms of ARI in
the two weeks before the survey
21
16
4
Fever
Diarrhoea
Symptoms of ARI
Diarrhoea Treatment
Percent of children under 5 with diarrhoea in the two weeks before the survey
Given any ORT
70
Given ORS
64
Treatment was sought from a health
facility/ provider
65
Treatment for ARI and Fever
Percent of children under 5 with symptoms of ARI in the two weeks before the survey
Treatment was sought from a
health facility/ provider
68
Percent of children under 5 with fever in the two weeks before the survey
Treatment was sought from a
health facility/ provider
70
Exclusive Breastfeeding by Age
Percent of children exclusively breastfed
94.3
85
73
45
0-1
2-3
4-5
Age in months
0-5
Nutritional Status of Children
Percent of children under 5
Moderate
Underweight (too thin for age)
Wasted (too thin for height)
Severe
3 15
12
4 2 6
Stunted (too short for age)
*Based on the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standards
23
17
40
Trends in Nutritional Status
Percent of children under age 5
1992
46
49
1996
2001-02
2007
2013-14
53
45
40
21 19 23
6
Stunting
6
5
Wasting
*Based on the 2006 WHO Child Growth Standards
5
15 15
6
Underweight
Trends in Use of ITNs
Percent who slept under
an ITN the night before
the survey
2001-02
2007
2013-14
62
57
32.7
28.5
8.9
7
Children under 5
Pregnant women 15-49
Trends in ANC Attendance
Among women age 15-49 who had a live birth in the five years preceding the survey, percentage who received antenatal
care from a skilled provider for the last live birth
ZDHS 1992
ZDHS 1996
ZDHS 2001-02
ZDHS 2007
ZDHS 2013-2014
96
96
93
94
92
Antenatal care from a skilled provider
Trends in health facility delivery, assistance during delivery
Among all live births in the five years before the survey, percentage delivered by a skilled provider and percentage delivered
in a health facility
ZDHS 1992
ZDHS 1996
ZDHS 2001-02
ZDHS 2007
ZDHS 2013-2014
67
51
47
44
48
Births delivered in a health facility
64
50
47
43
47
Births assisted by a skilled provider
Maternal Mortality
Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) for the
7-year period before the survey =
398 deaths per 100,000 live births
[95% Confidence Interval ranges from 323 to 474
deaths per 100,000 births]