• Ethiopia: second populous country in Africa, 80 million
- women and children constitute 72% of the population.
49.7% of Ethiopia's’ population are female
- TFR is estimated 4.8
- Maternal mortality rate is estimated at
673 /100,000 live births.
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• Per capita expenditure on health $ 2.31 compared to India $ 9, S. Africa $ 100,
U.K $ 1780
• Doctor to population ratio 1: 42,700
• Nurse to population ratio 1: 4,200
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• Under 15 years constitute 44.7% of the population
• Of which 40% are under five and 8% are under one year.
• Infant mortality rate is 59/1000 live births
• Under five mortality rate 88/1000 live births
• Neonatal mortality rate 37/1000 live births
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• 1/20 born alive die in their first month of life
• 1/10 die before reaching their 1 st birth day
• 1/6 die before reaching their fifth birthday
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• More than 70% of these deaths are due to the five diseases.
– Pneumonia 28.9%
– Malaria 21.6%
– Diarrhea 12%
– Measles 5%
– 60% of these deaths are associated with malnutrition
– Perinatal 22%
– HIV/AIDS 11%
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• Prevalent in 75% of the country
• 4-5 million are affected every year
• 40 million are at risk
• Morbidity and mortality is high in children
• Only 20% of children under five who experience malaria visit existing clinics
• The case fatality rate currently ranges from 17-35%
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• One of the major causes of under five mortality and morbidity next to lower respiratory infection and measles
• In a nationwide rural survey 12.5% of children 6-
59 months had diarrhea in the past two weeks.
• There is an estimate of 230,000 under five deaths each year due to diarrhea.
• The median incidence of diarrhea is estimated to be 5 episodes/child/year.
• Clean water coverage is about 31%
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• Prevalence rate 2.1%
• Number of orphans – current report is 4 million
• Prevalence in pregnant women 6%- 23%
• 60,000 newborns infected through MTCT
• 40% of infected children die before 1 yr of age
• 50-75% die before 5 th birthday
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• Ethiopian Ministry of Health document shows that :
47% of under fives are stunted
8% are wasted
37% are underweight
15% are low birth weight
• Malnutrition, underlying cause of death in >50% of deaths of under fives
• In Ethiopia more than five out of ten under fives are chronically malnourished
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Indicator
Total fertility rate
Maternal mortality rate
Antenatal service coverage
Rate/coverage
4.8
673
34%
Attended skilled delivery coverage
Postnatal service coverage
26.4%
15.8%
Family planning service coverage 29.0%
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INDICATOR CURRENT ESTIMATES
Life expectancy at birth 53.4(M), 55.4(F) years
IMR/1000 live births 59/1000
Crude birth rate
Total fertility rate
Crude death rate
Access to Basic Health
Service
44/1000
6.1 children per woman
15/1000
86%
Contraceptive usage 29%
Population growth rate 2.9%
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• The IMNCI strategy
1. Improve health worker skill
2. Improve the health system
3. Improve family and community health seeking behavior
• ENA approach
• PMTCT
• Roll back malaria initiative – new drug introduced
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• Additional feeding for pregnant and lactating mothers
• Exclusive breast feeding for 6 months
• Complementary feeding after 6 months of age
• Extra feeding for the child during illness
• Micronutrient supplementation
• Immunization
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• The four prongs:
– Primary prevention
– Prevention of unintended pregnancies in HIV infected mother
– Prevention of mother to child transmission of
HIV
– Care and support to HIV infected women, their infants and families
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• Systematic data collection
• Vector control
– Insecticide treated nets
– Indoor residual spraying
– Integrated vector management
• Case management
• Support research
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• The promised land!
“ Let Ethiopia hasten to stretch out her hands to God ”
Psalm (68:31)
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