Chapter 39: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
By
Mr. A. Rogan

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Introduction:
 Male and female reproductive organs produce Sex cells
(Gametes).

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Female sex cell called the ovum or the egg.
 Produced in the ovary
 Ovum – 0.1 mm long

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Male sex cells are Sperm.
 Sperm are produced in the testis
 Sperm – 0.01 mm long

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Zygote – When an egg and a sperm fuse they form a zygote.
 Zygotes develop into a new individual.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Fertilisation:
 Fertilisation is the fusion
(joining together) of an egg cell with a sperm cell.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Male Reproductive
Parts:
 Sperm Duct
 Penis
 Testis
 Scrotum
 Prostrate Gland
 Urethra

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Sperm Duct:
 Carries Sperm from testis to urethra
 Penis:
 Releases sperm and passes into the vagina

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Testis:
 Produces sperm and testosterone.
 Scrotum:
 Holds the testes and keeps them at the right temperature.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Prostrate Gland:
 Secretes fluid which help sperm to swim – Semen.
 Urethra:
 Carries sperm during intercourse and urine during excretion.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Female Reproductive Parts:
 Ovary
 Neck of womb
 Fallopian tube
 Womb
 Vagina

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Ovary:
 Produces eggs and oestrogen
 Neck of womb:
 Cervixentrance to the womb

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Fallopian Tube:
 Carries the egg from the ovary to the womb
 Womb:
 Uterus – hold developing embryo

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Vagina:
 Holds the penis during intercourse.
 It is the birth canal, down which the baby passes.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Puberty:
 10 – 15 years
 Changes to body
 Caused by hormones (body chemicals)
 Now physically capable of having a baby.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Changes To Body:
 Male:
 Voice Deepening
 Underarm hair
 Facial Hair
 Sperm Production
 Pubic Hair

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Changes To Body:
 Female:
 Underarm Hair
 Breasts Develop
 Widening Of Hips
 Pubic Hair

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Menstrual Cycle:
 1 egg released from an ovary once a month –
Ovulation.
 Egg travels to the uterus

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Menstrual Cycle:
 The uterus wall becomes thick and rich in blood vessels.
 If unfertilized, the egg passes out via the vagina.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Menstrual Cycle:
 Menstruation – The uterus wall is now not needed so it breaks down and is also shed

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Menstrual Cycle:
 This occurs once a month unless the egg is fertilised.
 After 45 – 50 years of age, no more eggs are produced
– Menopause.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Intercourse:
 200,000,000 sperm released from a stiff, erect penis into woman's vagina
(near cervix) – copulation.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Fertilisation:
 Sperm swim through cervix, up the uterus into the fallopian tubes.
 If an egg is present fertilisation may occur.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Even if no egg is present, sperm may live for 2 – 3 days in the woman's body.
 Egg may live for 24 hours.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Development Of
Foetus:
 Sperm + Egg =
Zygote
 Zygote divides many times to form ball of cells.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 It travels to the womb.
 The ball of cells (embryo) sticks to and sinks into the womb wall (full of blood vessels) – nourishment.
 Implantation.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 The embryo develops for 40 weeks in the womb.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development

 Limiting and spacing the number of children a couple have.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 How?
 By using contraception:
 Natural Methods – avoid intercourse around ovulation.

Chapter 45: Reproduction,
Growth And Development
 Artificial Methods
 The pill – prevents ovulation
 Condoms – Prevent sperm from reaching the egg