DO NOW:
Match each prefix with its correct meaning.
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1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
deca
milli
centi
deci
hecto
kilo
a. 1/ 10 = 0.1
b. 1000
c. 100
d. 1/1000 = 0.001
e. 10
f. 1/100 = 0.01
Temperature
What is the temperature?
The temperature of an object describes
how hot or cold the object is relative to other
objects.
Temperature scales
Scientists use two temperature scales to
measure temperature.
* the Celsius scale (°C)
* the Kelvin scale (K)
Celsius Scale
The Celsius scale will be used in most of
your experiments. On the Celsius scale, the
freezing point of water is defined as 0°C
and the boiling point of water is defined as
100°C.
Kelvin Scale
A Kelvin is the SI base unit of temperature.
On the Kelvin scale, water freezes at about
273K and boils at about 373K.
Temperature conversions
To convert from K  °C
* K – 273 = °C
To convert from °C  K
* °C + 273 = K
Practice Problems
Convert each temperature from °C to K.
°C + 273 = K
a. 54 °C = __________ K
b. 69 °C = __________ K
c. 15 °C = __________ K
Practice Problems
Convert each temperature from K to °C.
K – 273 = °C
a. 32 K = __________ °C
b. 0 K = __________ °C
c. 281 K = __________ °C
Scientific Notation
Extremely small and extremely large
numbers can be compared more easily
when they are converted into a form called
scientific notation.
Expressing Quantities in Scientific Notation
The surface area of the Pacific Ocean (the
largest ocean) is 166,000,000,000,000 m2.
(That’s 166 trillion square meters.) This
quantity in scientific notation is expressed as
1.66 x 1014.
Steps to write scientific notation:
Move the decimal point right or left to
produce a factor that is between 1 and 10.
2. Count the number of places you moved the
decimal point. This number is the exponent
(n).
3. Multiply the factor by 10n.
4. When the decimal point moves to the left, n
is positive. When the decimal point moves
to the right, n is negative.
1.
Practice Problems
a. 50,000 m/s2
=
Practice Problems
b. 0.00000000062 kg =
Adding / subtracting
using scientific notation
To add or subtract quantities written in
scientific notation, the quantities must have
the same exponent. If two quantities are
expressed by different powers of ten, you
must change one of the quantities so that
they are both expressed to the same power
of ten before you add you subtract.
Practice Problems
a. 5.10 x 1020 + 4.11 x 1021
Practice Problems
b. 6.2 x 108 - 3. 0 x 106
Multiplying / dividing
using scientific notation
When multiplying or dividing quantities
written in scientific notation, the quantities
do not have to have the same exponent.
For multiplication, multiply the factors, then
add the exponents. For division, divide the
factors, then subtract the exponents.
Practice Problems
a. (12 x104m)(4 x 10-2m)
Practice Problems
d. (90 x 1014kg) / (9 x 1012kg)