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8.1 Complex instructions
Table 8.1 Examples of complex instructions in two popular modern microprocessors (Pentium, PowerPC) and two computer families of historical
significance (System/360–370, VAX).
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8.2 Alternative addressing mode
• Implied : 0-address, stack machine, inc, dec, ...
• Immediate addressing : 運算元(常數)在指令中
• Register addressing : 運算元為reg.
• Base addressing: base + offset
• Relative addressing: PC-relative, the reference
address is implicit.
• Direct addressing:指令中的數字是運算元的地址
• Indexed addressing:用reg.當索引
• Update addressing: reg.自動+1, -1
• Indirect addressing:先去記憶體拿運算元的地址，
再拿一次才是運算元
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Figure 8.1 Schematic representation of more elaborate addressing modes not supported in MiniMIPS.
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8.2 Alternative instruction formats
Figure 8.2 Examples of MiniMIPS instructions with 0 to 3 addresses; shaded fields are unused.
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Figure 8.3 Example 80x86 instructions ranging in width from 1 to 6 bytes; much wider instructions (up to 15 bytes) also exist.
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8.4 instruction set design and evolution
Figure 8.4 Processor design and implementation process.
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Table 8.2 Evolution of the x86 instruction set and architecture in some of the Intel microprocessors, and comparable products from AMD.
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8.5 The RISC/CISC Dichotomy
• RISC:
–
–
–
–
Small instruction set
Load/Store architecture
Limited addressing modes
Simple uniform instruction formats
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8.6 where to Draw the line -URISC
Figure 8.5 Instruction format and hardware structure for URISC.
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