主讲教师：夏夕美
all the terms
and conditions
agreed upon
Description of commodity
Quantity
Package
Price
Body
Payment
Transport
Insurance
Inspection
Claims & dispute
Inspection clause
• Inspection：The Inspection
Certificate of Quality / Quantity /
Weight / Packing / Sanitation
issued by___of China shall be
regarded as evidence of the
Sellers’ delivery.
• 商品检验：以中国____所签发的品质/数量/重量/
包装/卫生检验合格证书作为卖方的交货依据。
主讲教师：夏夕美
Receipt & acceptance
• In business communication, it
is essential to say what you
really want to say. In the
expression of your intention to
take or reject the goods, it is
very important to use correctly
the words receipt and
acceptance.
Receipt & acceptance
Receipt
• Receipt means that the goods
have come into the control of
the buyer without ownership or
to agreement to any aspect of
the goods.
Acceptance
Receipt & acceptance
• Acceptance means that the
buyer has the control of the
•Receipt does not
goods with consent regarding
mean acceptance
the goods delivered.
and acceptance
means more than
receipt.
Receipt & acceptance
Acceptance
• Acceptance generally can be
made by:
If a buyer does not intend to
• express statement of
accept
the goods he has received,
acceptance;
he should give a clear rejection
• or giving
no rejection
within
a reasonable
timeafter
and a
reasonable
time. the goods
should
not dispose
against the seller’s ownership.
Inspection
Introduction--Receipt and acceptance
• a buyer usually accept the
goods he has received after he
make inspection on the goods
and confirm that the goods are
in conformity with the contract.
Reason of Inspection
• A buyer wants to make certain
that the goods delivered to him
are exactly the goods described
by the contract he has signed
with the seller.
•first,
a sellerof
wants
to control
Reason
Inspection
the quality of the goods so that
his
will
nota be
•Second,
a seller
wants
to
• Oncredibility
the other
hand,
seller
also
damaged
market
willhe is
prove
with
an the
inspection
wants
toand
inspect
the goods
be
developed.
document
that
goods
selling for
twothe
reasons:
delivered have met the
relevant contract terms so that
he will not be responsible for
any problems in the goods
after delivery.
Reason of Inspection
• Certain import & export
commodities are subject to
mandatory inspection under a
country’s laws and regulations,
and cannot be exempted from
inspection, even if the importer
or exporter wants to apply for
an exemption.
Main points of inspection Diagram
1. Time and place
of inspection
2. Commodity inspection
institution
3. Certificate of inspection
4. Methods and standards
of inspection
1.and
Place and
time
inspection
1.make
Timeinspection
place
of
to
in ofthe
export country
inspection
2) to make inspection in the
•import
In general,
there are four ways
country
to stipulate the place and time of
inspection
3) to makeofinspection
in the
quality and
export
country, re-inspection in
quantity.
the import country
4) to make weight inspection at
the port/place of shipment,
quality inspection at the port/
place of destination
1)
1) to make inspection in
Inspection
of goods
the
export
country
Such an arrangement
the
Withwill
thisensure
method,
the goods can
shipmentatofthe
qualified
be inspected
seller’s
goods
and
factory
or at
thetherefore
port of shipment
may relieve
-Shipping
qualitythe
andseller
quantity
of further
(Shipping
quality and quantity ).
responsibilities for the
quality and quantity
2) to make inspection in
Inspection
of goods
the
import
country
Under arrival delivery
terms the risks will
such the inspection is carried out
pass to the buyer only
when the goods have landed the
in the importing
importing country, such as at the
country and the seller
buyer’s place or at the port of
has the responsibility
destination-Landed quality and
to deliver conforming
quantity (Landed quality and
goods when the risks
quantity).
pass over.
3) Inspection at the port of
shipment and re-inspection
Inspection of goods
at the port of destination
•but
buyer of
retains
•With
thisthe
method
inspection,
the right tocertificate
re-inspectfrom the
the inspection
goods andwill
to claim
portthe
of shipment
be used as
compensation
the
onefor
of the
documentsiffor
the
merchandise
not in
seller
to negotiateispayment,
conformity with the
contract.
4) Shipping quantity
and
Inspection of goods
landed quality
•Weight inspection at the
port/place of shipment is made
by the seller, quality inspection at
the port/ place of destination is
made by the buyer
2. Commodity inspection
institution
1)
the type of Commodity
inspection institution
2)
how to choose Commodity
inspection institution
3)
Commodity inspection
institution in china and its duty
1) the type of Commodity
inspection institution
• There a re mainly three types
of inspection agencies:
• (1) state inspection agencies
• (2) semi-official inspection
agencies
• (3) private inspection
companies.
(1) state inspection
agencies
• Examples of state inspection
agencies include Food and Drug
Administration (FDA) of the
Peoples Republic of China,
which are primarily regulators
but are also responsible for the
inspection of certain very
important goods.
(2) semi-official inspection
agencies
• Examples
such
inspection
Most ofofthe
inspection
companies
include
agencies
in the Underwriters
world
Laboratory
of
the
U.S.,
Lloyd’s
are privately run
Surveyor
of the UK,
International
independent
companies.
Wool
Secretariat,
and
China
SGS—Society General de
National
Import---Export
Surveillance
S.A.
Commodities
Inspection
瑞士日内瓦通用鉴定公司
Corporation, whose inspection
results can be semi-official due to
government authorization.
机官
构方
检
验
检民
验间
机社
构团
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
美国粮谷检验署（FGES）
美国食品药物管理局（FDA）
法国国家实验室检测中心
日本通商产业检查所
瑞士日内瓦通用鉴定公司（S.G.S）
美国保险人实验室 （UL）
英国劳合氏公证行（Lloyd’s Surveyor）
日本海事鉴定协会（NKKK）
香港天祥公证化验行
2) how to choose Commodity
inspection institution
• The type of agency chosen to
carry out inspection should be
permitted by relevant laws
• If there is no specific requirement
of law, the agency should be
acceptable to both the buyer and
the seller.
3) Commodity inspection
institution in China and its duty
• In China the China Commodity
Inspection Bureau is the
competent authority that
supervises the work of inspection
1)
legal
inspection
ofMaking
the whole
nation.
The main
2)
Supervision
and administration
duties
of the inspection
bureau
3)
Authentic
attesting business
are
as follows:
3. Certificate of inspection
1)
•The function
of Certificate
of inspection
2)
2) the kinds
of Certificate
of inspection
1) The function of
Certificate of inspection
• Certificates
are used
to verify
If commodities
are found
to be
not up tothe
thegoods
quality
standard,
whether
are
in
damaged orwith
short
onterms
weight
conformity
the
of or
quantity, the consignee shall
contract.
apply to the commodity
inspection
authorities
for
• If
the verification
is positive,
the
inspection and
of an
certificates
are the
the issuance
documents
inspection certificate, and such a
for
payment.
certificate
may be necessary for
refusal of the goods and claim for
compensation.
2) the kinds of Certificate
of inspection
• Most frequently used certificates
are:
commodities
such as
•For
Inspection
Certificate
of frozen
Quality,
meat
or leather,
Veterinary
Weight,
Quantity,
Origin, Value,
Inspection
Certificate
may be
Damaged Cargo,
and Health.
required to prove that the
commodity is free from harmful
bacteria.
4. Methods & standard of
inspection
4. Methods
and standards of inspection
• One, they can agree to describe
• the
it isstandards
importantin
for
the
two
the
contract.
parties
to can
agree
upon to
theuse the
• Two,
they
choose
methods and
standards
standards,
which
may bewhen
they conclude
deal
within the
compulsory,
ofathe
importing
limit of law
must observe.
country,
thethey
exporting
country or
even a third country.
• three, international standards can
be used.
4. Methods & standard of
inspection
4. Methods
and standards of inspection
• In fact there are quite a
number of international or
regional standards to choose
from.
• ISO is typical organization
setting such standards.
International standard:
• ISO--international Standards
Organization
• --has more than 4000 standards
• IEC--international
Electrotechnical Commission
• --has over 1580 standards
National standard:
• GB14-05(is national standard
pulished in 2005, publication No.
is 14), BP
• Craft (Guild) Standard 行业(公会)
标准
• Local Standard
• Enterprise Standard
常用的工业品国家标准有：
1.NF=Normes Francaises
法国标准
2.DIN=Deutsche Industric Norman
德国工业品标准
3.BSI=British Standard Institute
英国标准协会标准
4.JIS=Japanese Industrial
Standard
日本工业标准
ISO9000（GB/T19000）
ISO9000 — 质量管理与质量保证标准
ISO9001 — 设计开发生产安装与服务的质量
保证模式；
ISO9002 — 生产与安装的质量保证模式；
ISO9003 — 最终检验与试验的质量保证模式；
ISO9004 — 质量管理与质量体系要素；
ISO14001 — 环境管理体系认证标准；
中国质量认证中心 http://www.cqc.com.cn/
Re-inspection
5. re-inspection
• With regard to time, re-inspection
can be conducted a specified
number of days after the ship’s
arrival at the port of destination.
• Or re-inspection can be
conducted a specified number of
days after the discharge of goods.
Re-inspection
5. re-inspection
• When it is allowed in the contract,
re-inspection must be carried out
within a time limit, usually 30180 days after discharge or
ship’s arrival, which should be
set according to the nature of
commodity and the unloading
facilities at the port of
destination.
案例分析一：
我国某公司从美国A公司进口一批美国东部
黄松，计6942干板英尺（折合35404立方
米），价值数百万美元，目的港为上海港。
原合同规定“按美国西部SCRIBNER标准检
验”。但是在开信用证之前，A公司提出另
一个标准即“按美国东部标准BRERETON标准
检验”也可作为验收标准。
案例分析一：
我公司同意修改合同检验条款，将“按美
国西部SCRIBNER标准检验”改为“按美国
东部标准BRERETON标准检验”，并开具了
信用证货物运抵上海港后，上海进出口商
品检验局按我国进口黄松通用的美国西部
标准检验，检验结果共短少材积3948干板
英尺，短少率达57%，价值100多万美元，
我公司蒙受巨额损失。
案例分析二：
我国某公司出口一批冻鸡，到货后买方在
合同规定的索赔有效期内向我提出品质索
赔，索赔金额占合同金额的半数以上，买
方附来的证件有：
[1]法定商品检验证，注明该商品有变质现
象（表皮为乌黑色、实际上为一小部分乌
皮鸡）。但未注明货物的详细批号，也未
注明变质货物的数量和比例。
案例分析二：
[2]官方化验机构根据当地某零售商店送验
的食品而作出的变质证明。
我方复函对方同意赔偿。请问处理是否妥当？
案例分析三：
我某公司与香港一公司签订了一条进口香
烟生产线合同。设备为二手货，共十八套
生产线，有A国某公司出售，总值100多万
美元。合同规定，如有缺件损失，货到用
货现场后14天内凭商检证明，办理更换或
退货。设备运抵目的地后，由于设备损坏、
缺件等根本无法正常运转。
案例分析三：
而货物运抵工厂后进行装配，就已经超过
了14天的期限，因此无法索赔。工厂只能
依靠自己的力量进行加工维修，经过半年
多的努力，花了大量的人力物力，也只开
出了4条生产线。
Any questions ?