An introduction to EMTP-RV
August 2012
The simulation of
power systems has
never been so easy!
Power system simulation tools
Short circuit calculation :
CYME 5.0 (CYMFAULT), ETAP
Calculations based on sequence data
Suitable for high scale networks
Frequency range : 50/60 Hz
DC
Load-flow calculation :
CYME 5.0 (CYMFLOW), ETAP, PSLF, …
Calculation on 3-phase networks
Mainly on balanced networks
Frequency range : 50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
Transient Stability programs :
Eurostag, PSS/E, DigSilent
Suitable for high scale networks
Simplified modeling of HVDC and
FACTS components
Frequency range : 0.1Hz – 1kHz
kHz, MHz
EMTP type programs :
EMTP-RV, ATP, PSCAD, SimPowerSystems
Not suitable for high scale networks
Detailed modeling of equipments
Frequency range : 0.1 Hz – MHz
All software can handle transient study related to
electromechanical time constants but EMTP-RV can
handle electromagnetics time constant which are
significantly smaller (faster transients).
EMTP-RV, the Restructured Version
• Written from scratch using mostly Fortran-95 in Microsoft Visual Studio
environment.
• Include all the EMTP96 functionalities and much more:
– 3-phase unbalanced load-flow
– Scriptable user interface
– New models : machines, nonlinear elements…
– No topological restrictions
• New numerical analysis methods :
– Newton-raphson solution method for nonlinear models
– New three-phase load-flow
– Simultaneous switching options for power electronics applications
– Open architecture coding that allows users customization (ex : connection
with user defined DLL)
EMTP-RV benefits:
• Robust simulation engine
• Easy-to-use, drag and drop
interface
• Unmatched ease of use
• Superior modeling flexibility
• Customizable to your needs
• Competitive pricing
Customizable to your needs
• Superior modeling flexibility
– Can’t find exactly what you’re looking for in the device library? Simply
add your own user-defined device.
– Scripting techniques provide the ability to externally program device
data forms and generate the required Netlists. A symbol editor is used
to modify and customize device drawings. Scripting techniques are also
used for parametric studies.
– EMTPWorks also lets the user define any number of subcircuits to create
hierarchical designs.a
The software package
EMTP-RV Package includes:
• EMTP-RV : computational engine
• With EMTP-RV, complex problems become simple to work out.
A powerful and super-fast computational engine that provides significantly improved solution methods for
nonlinear models, control systems, and user-defined models. The engine features a plug-in model interface,
allowing users to add their own models.
• EMTPWorks : Graphical User Interface
EMTPWorks, the user-friendly and intuitive Graphical User Interface, provides top-level access to EMTP-RV
simulation methods and models.
EMTPWorks sends design data into EMTP-RV, starts EMTP-RV and retrieves simulation results.
An advanced, yet easy-to-use graphical user interface that maximizes the capabilities of the underlying EMTPRV engine. EMTPWorks offers drag-and-drop convenience that lets users quickly design, modify and simulate
electric power systems. A drawing canvas and the ability to externally program device data allows users to
fully customize simulations to their needs. EMTPWorks can be used for small systems or very large-scale
systems.
• ScopeView: the Output Processor for Data display and analysis
ScopeView displays simulation waveforms in a variety of formats.
With EMTPWorks, users can dramatically reduce the time required to setup a study in EMTP-RV.
Key features
• EMTP-RV Key features
- The reference in transients simulation
- Solution for large networks
- Provide detailed modeling of the network component including control, linear and non-linear
elements
- Open architecture coding that allows users customization and implementation of sophisticated model
- New steady-state solution with harmonics
- New three-phase load-flow
- Automatic initialization from steady-state solution
- New capability for solving detailed semiconductor models
- Simultaneous switching options for power electronics applications
The GUI key features
EMTPWorks Key features
•
Object-oriented design fully compatible with Microsoft Windows
•
Powerful and intuitive interface for creating sophisticated Electrical networks
•
Drag and drop device selection approach with simple connectivity methods
•
Both devices and signals are objects with attributes. A drawing canvas is given the ability to create objects
and customized attributes
•
Single-phase/three-phase or mixed diagrams are supported
•
Advanced features for creating and maintaining very large to extremely large networks
•
Large number of subnetwork creation options including automatic subnetwork creation and pin positioning.
Unlimited subnetwork nesting level
•
Options for creating advanced subnetwork masks
•
Multipage design methods
•
Library maintenance and device updating methods
EMTPWorks: EMTP-RV user interface
EMTPWorks: EMTP-RV user interface
Object-oriented design fully compatible with Microsoft Windows
Single-phase/three-phase or mixed diagrams are supported
Large collection of scripts for modifying and/or updating almost anything appearing on the GUI
5
PLOT
x 10
Substation_A/m1a@vn@1
4
Substation_A/m1b@vn@1
Substation_A/m1c@vn@1
3
2
y
1
0
-1
-2
-3
-4
6
6.01
6.02
6.03
6.04
6.05
time (s)
6.06
6.07
6.08
6.09
6.1
ScopeView
ScopeView is a data acquisition and signal processing software adapted very well for
visualisation and analysis of EMTP-RV results.
It may be used to simultaneously load, view and process data from applications such
as EMTP-RV, MATLAB and Comtrade format files.
Multi-source data importation
Cursor region information
ScopeView
Function editor of ScopeView
Typical mathematical post-processing
A versatile program
EMTP-RV is suited to a wide variety
of power system studies, whether
they relate to project design and
engineering, or to solving problems
and unexplained failures.
EMTP-RV offers a wide variety of
modeling capabilities encompassing
electromagnetic and
electromechanical oscillations
ranging in duration from
microseconds to seconds.
A powerful power system simulation software
EMTP-RV’s benefits are:
Unmatched ease of use
Superior modeling flexibility
Customizable to your needs
Dynamic development road-map
Prompt and effective technical support
Reactive sales teams
A powerful power system simulation software
EMTP-RV’s strengths:
EMTP-RV version 2.4 new features:
• New and advanced HVDC models, including MMC-HVDC
• New wind generator models, including average-value model
• New control system diagram DLL capability
• New Simulink/Real-time Workshop interface DLL
EMTP-RV version 2.4 improvements:
Workshop interface DLL
Improvements in synchronous machine model including a new black start option
Improvements in the asynchronous machine model
Capability to solve multiple frequency load-flow
Improved documentation and various other improvements
New application examples
Power system studies
EMTP-RV is suited to a wide variety of power system
studies including and not limited to:
• Power system design
• Complete network analysis
• Power system stability & load modeling
• Ferroresonance
• Control system design
• Steady-sate analysis of unbalanced system
• Motor starting
• Distribution networks and distributed generation
• Power electronics and FACTS
• Power system dynamic and load modeling
• HVDC networks
• Subsynchronous resonance and shaft stresses
• Lighting surges
• Power system protection issues
• Switching surges
• General control system design
• Temporary overvoltages
• Power quality issues
• Insulation coordination
• Capacitor bank switching
• And much more!
A versatile program
Complete system studies:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Load-flow solution and initialization of synchronous machines
Temporary overvoltages to network islanding
Ferroresonance and harmonic resonance
Selection and usage of arresters
Fault transients
Statistical analysis of overvoltages
Electromechanical transients
Applications
• Power system design
• Power systems protection issues
• Network analysis: network separation, power quality, geomagnetic
storms, interaction between compensation and control components, wind
generation
• Detailed simulation and analysis of large scale (unlimited size)
electrical systems
• Simulation and analysis of power system transients: lightning,
switching, temporary conditions
• General purpose circuit analysis: wideband, from load-flow to steadystate to time-domain (Steady-state analysis of unbalanced systems)
• Synchronous machines: SSR, auto-excitation, control
• Transmission line systems: insulation coordination, switching, design,
wideband line and cable models
Applications
• Power Electronics and FACTS (HVDC, SVC, VSC, TCSC, etc.)
• Multiterminal HVDC systems
• Series compensation: MOV energy absorption, short-circuit conditions,
network interaction
• Transmission line systems: insulation coordination, switching,
design, wideband line and cable models
• Switchgear: TRV, shunt compensation, current chopping, delayedcurrent zero conditions, arc interaction
• Protection: power oscillations, saturation problems, surge arrester
influences
• Temporary overvoltages
• Capacitor bank switching
• Series and shunt resonances
• Detailed transient stability analysis
• Unbalanced distribution networks
Simulation options
Load-flow
Steady-state
Time-domain
Frequency scan
Simulation options
• Load-Flow solution
– The electrical network equations are solved using complex phasors.
– The active (source) devices are only the Load-Flow devices (LF-devices).
A load device is used to enter PQ load constraint equations.
– Only single (fundamental) frequency solutions are achievable in this
version. The solution frequency is specified by ‘Default Power Frequency’
and used in passive network lumped model calculations.
– The same network used for transient simulations can be used in loadflow analysis. The EMTP Load-Flow solution can work with multiphase
and unbalanced networks.
– The control system devices are disconnected and not solved.
– This simulation option stops and creates a solution file (Load-Flow
solution data file). The solution file can be loaded for automatically
initializing anyone of the following solution methods.
Simulation options
• Steady-state solution
– The electrical network equations are solved using complex numbers. This
option can be used in the stand-alone mode or for initializing the timedomain solution.
– A harmonic steady-state solution can be achieved.
– The control system devices are disconnected and not solved.
– Some nonlinear devices are linearized or disconnected. All devices have a
specific steady-state model.
– The steady-state solution is performed if at least one power source
device has a start time (activation time) lower than 0.
Simulation options
• Time-domain solution
– The electrical network and control system equations are solved using a
numerical integration technique.
– All nonlinear devices are solved simultaneously with network equations.
A Newton method is used when nonlinear devices exist.
– The solution can optionally start from the steady-state solution for
initializing the network variables and achieving quick steady-state
conditions in time-domain waveforms.
– The steady-state conditions provide the solution for the time-point t=0.
The user can also optionally manually initialize state-variables.
Simulation options
• Frequency scan solution
– This option is separate from the two previous options. All source
frequencies are varied using the given frequency range and the
network steady-state solution is found at each frequency.
Build-in libraries and
Standard models
available in EMTP-RV
Built-in librairies
EQUIPMENT
FEATURES
advanced.clf
Provides a set of advanced power electronic devices
Pseudo Devices.clf
Provides special devices, such as page connectors. The port devices are normally created using the menu
“Option>Subcircuit>New Port Connector”, they are available in this library for advanced users.
RLC branches.clf
Provides a set of RLC type power devices. .
Work.clf
This is an empty library accessible to users
control.clf
The list of primitive control devices.
control devices of
TACS.clf
This control library is provided for transition from EMTP-V3. It imitates EMTP-V3 TACS functions.
control functions.clf
Various control system functions.
control of machies.clf
Exciter devices for power system machines.
flip flops.clf
A set of flip-flop functions for control systems.
hvdc.clf
Collection of dc bridge control functions. Documentation is available in the subcircuit.
lines.clf
Transmission lines and cables.
machines.clf
Rotating machines.
meters.clf
Various measurement functions, including sensors for interfacing control device signals with power device
signals.
meters periodic.clf
Meters for periodic functions.
nonlinear.clf
Various nonlinear electrical devices.
options.clf
EMTP Simulation options, plot functions and other data management functions.
phasors.clf
Control functions for manipulating phasors.
sources.clf
Power sources.
switches.clf
Switching devices.
symbols.clf
These are only useful drawing symbols, no pins.
transformations.clf
Mathematical transformations used in control systems.
transformers.clf
Power system transformers.
Standard models
Library
RLC branches
Control
Control of Machines
Flip flops
Lines
Models
R, L, C branches
PI circuits
Loads
State space block
Gain, constant
Integral, derivative
Limiter,
Sum
Selector
Delay
State-space block
PLL…
IEEE excitation systems
Governor / turbine
Flip-flop D, J-K, S-R,T
CP (distributed parameters)
FD (=CP + frequency dependence)
FDQ (=FD for cables)
WB (phase domain)
Corona
Standard models
Library
Machines
Meters
Meters periodic
Nonlinear
Sources
3
08/04/2015
Models
Induction Machine (single cage, double cage, wound rotor)
Synchronous Machine
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine
DC machine
2-phase machine
Current, voltage, power meters
RMS meters and sequence meters
Non linear resistance
Non linear inductance
Hysteresis reactor
ZnO arrester
SiC arrester
AC, DC voltage sources
AC, DC current sources
Lightning inpulse current source
Current and voltage controlled sources
Load-flow bus
Standard models
Library
Switches
Transformations
Transformateurs
Advanced
Models
Ideal switch
Diode
Thyristor
Air gap
3-phase <-> sequence
3-phase <-> dq0
Based on single phase units : DD, YY, DY, YD, YYD…
Topological models : TOPMAG
Impedance based : BCTRAN, TRELEG
Frequency dependent admittance matrix : FDBFIT
Variable load
SVC
STATCOM
Built-in librairy of examples
Easily find what you’re looking for by browsing or using a simple index.
Typical designs
Modeling Electrical
Systems with EMTP-RV
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
Insulation Coordination of a 765 kV GIS
1
- Backflashover Case
- Impulse Footing Resistance of the stricken
Tower may be represented by Ri = f(I)
- Usage of ZnO model based on IEEE SPD WG
- Frequency-Dependant Line modeling
200 kA 3/100 us
Lightning Stroke
2
I/O FILES
MPLOT
foudre_30km_ex2.lin
foudre_300m_ex1.lin
2
LINE DATA
LIGHTNING_STROKE
Network
LINE DATA
model in: foudre_30km_ex2_rv.pun
765 kV Line
Tower_top
+ VM ?v
Air-Insulated Substation
Gas-Insulated Substation
model in: foudre_300m_ex1_rv.pun
Air-Insulated Substation
?v
+ VM
Trans_c
?v
SOURCE_NETWORK
BUS_NET
735kV /_0
a
b
+
+
+
+
+
a
b
+
+
c
300 m
bushing
CB_a
+
?v
CB_b
VM +
?v
CB_c
VM +
+
VM
300 m
b
+
3
?v
a
?v
c
+ VM
Trans_a
+
+
+
c
+
30 km
VM
1M
+
+
cond_c
VM +
?v
+ VM
Trans_b
Open Circuit-Breaker
?v/?v/?v
+
3
1
Simulation
options
+
1M
1M
+
?i
?i
L10
C3
+
?i
+
+
+
48
+
+
+
L12
52 m
+
+
+
48 m
C2
+
L11
+
4
4nF
52
+
+
+
+
C1
L3
?i
+
+
+
To eliminate
undesirable reflexions
L2
?i
TOWER3
Part=TOWER_model1ohm
L1
TOWER2
Part=TOWER_model15_f
+
TOWER1
Part=TOWER_model15_1
+
+
25 m
?i
4
5
5
0.1nF
Gas-filled
CVT 588 kV Zno Bushing
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
4nF
4nF
+
0.1nF
0.1nF
Inductive VT
I
Gas-filled
Bushing
J
Power
588 kV Zno
Transformer
K
L
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
1
1
Field Recording
(10-08-1986)
Validation of the Secondary Arc
M odel with IREQ Laboratory Tests
EMTP-RV Simulation
(05-22-2005)
2
2
R2
+
?i
SW1
+
100ms /200ms /0
+
0.7,13Ohm
1.60uF
C2
Secondary arc
300
RL1
+
+
+
3
1.05uF
C3
+
0.2
AC1
+
+
66.4k VRMS /_0
0.2
R3
DEV1
3
Sec _ARC_a
R1
4
4
Primary Arc: 5 kA eff
Secondary Arc: 40 A
Wind Speed: 9.7 km/h
Secondary Arc Duration: 1.04 sec.
315 kV insulator string, l=2.3 m
5
5
I/O FILES
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
1
1
Switching of A 420 kV Three-Phase Shunt-Reactor
I/O FIL ES
State of the art simulation introducing:
- A realistic model of a three-phase shunt reactor taking into account
the asymetrical couplings of the magnetic circuit;
- A realistic circuit-breaker model based on the well-known
Cassie - Mayr modified arc equations.
2
3
2
3
4
4
+
+
0. 5
0. 5
1. 6nF
+
+
+
1uH
1uH
DEV1
a
BUS24
DEV2
Sim plifie d Arc M ode l
ba s e d on
M a y r's & Ca s s ie s e qua tions
in
Sim plifie d Arc M ode l
ba s e d on
M a y r's & Ca s s ie s e qua tions
out
in
out
5
0. 05nF
a
+
CB_ARC_a
+
CB_ARC_a
0. 375nF
BUS23
0. 75nF
1. 6nF
+
C8
+
+
R12
1. 6nF
+
Line
+
0. 5
5
+
0. 5
1. 6nF
+
+
0. 75nF
350
+
1uH
1uH
m1
+ VM
3000
?v
20 m
Sim plifie d Arc M ode l
ba s e d on
M a y r's & Ca s s ie s e qua tions
0. 375nF
+
CB_ARC_a
C9
1. 15nF
+
0. 05nF
+
+
b
+
6
+
+
+
b
+
1uH
1uH
4nF
+
C11
DEV6
in
+
DEV5
Sim plifie d Arc M ode l
ba s e d on
M a y r's & Ca s s ie s e qua tions
c
Sim plifie d Arc M ode l
ba s e d on
M a y r's & Ca s s ie s e qua tions
out
in
out
1. 15nF
c
CB_ARC_a
+
CB_ARC_a
c
1. 6nF
+
0. 75nF
0. 5
0. 5
1. 6nF
+
+
Line CVT
200k
C13
a
4nF
+
200nF
405kVRM SLL / _- 30
+
+
AC1
+
6
0. 75nF
out
+
CB_ARC_a
in
+
out
b
DEV4
in
200k
b
c
DEV3
Sim plifie d Arc M ode l
ba s e d on
M a y r's & Ca s s ie s e qua tions
+
25uH
10
+
+
30m H
+
0. 8
+
+
+
a
65 m
+
R10
0. 05nF
C10
7
7
Network
Substation
420 kV Busbar
CT
Double-break 420 kV SF6 C.-B.
420 kV Busbar
CVT
Three-phase 420 kV Shunt-Reactor
8
8
Three-Phase 420 kV 100 MVARS Shunt Reactor
F= 0.548 Wb, N=1409 turns, L1=5.617 H
For mu (50 Hz) = 0.06 H/m:
Xac=Xca= 9 Ohms
Xba=Xbc=7 Ohms
Xab=14 Ohms
Xaa= 1741 Ohms
Xbb= 1750 Ohms
Xcc=1741 Ohms
9
g = 12 mm
2900 mm
x
x= 710 mm
1
0
9
For mu (700 Hz) = 0.01 H/m:
2x
1
0
Xac=Xca= 54 Ohms
Xba=Xbc=42 Ohms
Xab=84 Ohms
Xaa= 1741 Ohms
Xbb= 1750 Ohms
Xcc=1741 Ohms
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
40 M W
Out
AVR_Gov _5
av r_gov ernor_pu
Out
AVR&Gov
(pu)
IN
AVR&Gov
(pu)
IN
CP
M W,M X,PF
+
CP
+
Out
SM
?m
2
+
AVR&Gov
(pu)
1 3 .8 k V
2 0 0 M VA
+
1
Va ,Vb ,Vc
3
80
SM
?i
Np, Nq
Kp, Kq
80
IN
R3
?m
Ou t
1
DEV4
SM 9
1 3 .8 /2 3 0
AVR_ Go v _ 9
5 /5 .1 /0
5 /5 .1 /0
1 E1 5 /1 e 1 5 /0
2
60 Hz only
BUS1
290
+
240 M W
8250 M W
1 4 4 .8
Z Dist
1
Kp, Kq
60
9000 M W
230k V
1 2 0 0 0 M VA
+
+
SM 1 0
+
0.13
2.2Ohm
s c ope
P_ Va r_ s p e e d
3
Yg Yg _ n p 5
1
2
+
9 6 .5
Np, Nq
CP
1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0
1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0
1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0
Z Dist
M W,M X,PF
45 M W
BUS5
M W,M X,PF
2 3 0 /2 6 .4
C1 2
2
DEV1
CP2
0 .2 5 u F
Q
P
p7
AVR&Gov
(pu)
?m
?m
1
2
2
1
+
C8
Q_ Va r_ s p e e d
s c ope
IN
SM
SM
?m
60 Hz only
60 Hz only
0 .2 5 u F
0 .1 ,0 .5 Oh m
69/0.69
132 M W
DEV3
+
v
AVR_ Go v _ 1 0
Va ,Vb ,Vc
BUS7
2 3 0 /7 1
Sq Ca g e _ 4
162 M W
+
CP2
3 x 1M W Doubly-fed
with PWM controller
(Variable speed)
1 3 .8 k V
2 0 0 M VA
BUS9
p6
1
6 9 /3 .3
Large Gen.-Load Center
SM 5
1
2
2
ASM S
2
0 .2 ,1 Oh m
6 9 /3 .3
M
Z Dist
+
+
Q
?
ASM S
1 3 .8 /2 3 0
Yg Yg _ n p 4
P
RL 1
+
77 M W WIND
IM GENERATION
(Constant speed)
SM 6
Va,Vb,Vc
R4
+
0 .0 4 ,0 .2 Oh m
1
1 3 .8 /2 3 0
Qt_ Wi n d Ge n
s c ope
50
2
L
Np, Nq
Kp, Kq
1 3 .8 /2 3 0
1
6 9 /3 .3
1 3 .8 k V
5 5 0 M VA
VM
+
2
K
? v /? v /? v
0 .1 ,0 .5 Oh m
Pt_ wi n d Ge n
s c ope
2
ASM S
J
CP2
+
+
520 M W
SM 7
m _ 6 9 k V_ wi n d
1
6 9 /3 .3
1 3 .8 k V
5 0 M VA
1
2
ASM S
I
1
P
p4
Q
Sq Ca g e _ 1
4 x (10 X 2 MW)
induc. machine
pf 0.85
Q_ Sta t_ 3 0
s c ope
H
AVR_Gov _6
+/- 30 MVARS
STATCOM
1
G
SM
F
Out
E
DEV6
AVR_Gov _7
D
AVR&Gov
(pu)
C
IN
B
+
-1/1E15/0
A
50
+
CP
+
1
v
R5
+
1
Z Dist
Va ,Vb ,Vc
m _ Su b s _ B_ 2 3 0 k V
+ VM
CP2
+
3
2
2
3
5
5 0 0 /2 3 0 /5 0
1
1 3 .8 /2 3 0
1
5 0 0 /2 3 0 /5 0
?m
SM 8
2 x 240 M W
76 M W
SM 1
1
p2
Q
P
2 3 0 /2 6 .4
0 .0 1 3
0 .2 2 Oh m
?
2
1
+
3
5 0 0 /2 3 0 /5 0
+
1
R1
?i
1600 M W
240 M X
7
P
P_ L o a d
s c ope
Q_ L o a d
s c ope
Q
+
2000uF
p3
pF=88%
+
+
+
0 .0 5 u F
6
96uF
+/- 400 M vars
STATCOM
in Substation B
+
0 .3 u F
200 M W
P_ Ex c h
+
1
220 km
Se r_ C_ 2
SM 4
s c ope
96uF
Ou t2
+
?m
40%
Q_ Ex c h
s c ope
+
1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0
1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0
1 E1 5 /1 E1 5 /0
3
SM
IN
AVR&Gov
(pu)
?v
15uF
2
140 km
+
3
Ou t1
In 2
+
AVR_ Go v _ 4
VM
Su b s ta ti o n _ C
Su b s ta ti o n _ B
Ou t2
140 km
2
SM 3
In 1
Ou t1
Su b s ta ti o n _ A
In 2
?m
Ou t
+
1
+
Se r_ C_ 1
In 1
SM 2
SM
IN
AVR&Gov
(pu)
7
+
3
SM
IN
AVR&Gov
(pu)
Ou t
m _Load_230k V
5 0 0 /2 3 0 /5 0
2
220 km
-1 /1 E1 5 /0
?m
AVR_ Go v _ 2
AVR_ Go v _ 3
40%
+
Ou t
280 km
1
+
2
+
5 0 0 /1 3 .8 /1 3 .8
+
?m
SM
P
p1
s c ope Qt
Q
Ou t
IN
AVR&Gov
(pu)
s c ope Pt
1 3 .8 k V
4 0 0 M VA
6
110
48uF
+
AVR_ Go v _ 8
AVR_ Go v _ 1
L
+/- 150 M X
SVC
2
SM
1300 M W
C
60 Hz only
48uF
1
Ou t
Np, Nq
Kp, Kq
900 M W
? v /? v /? v
1 3 .8 k V
1 2 5 M VA
AVR&Gov
(pu)
IN
Z Dist
DEV5
M W,M X,PF
Kp, Kq
Np, Nq
Va,Vb,Vc
SW6
+
-1/1E15/0
60 Hz only
DEV2
5
4
M W,M X,PF
CP
6 9 /2 2 5
SVC_1
2
180 M W
193.1
?i
4
2 5 .5 /1 2
ASM
+
Va ,Vb ,Vc
Va ,Vb ,Vc
Np, Nq
Kp, Kq
M W,M X,PF
60 Hz only
Va ,Vb ,Vc
Np, Nq
Kp, Kq
S
6 .6 k V
7 7 0 .M VA
?m
3700uF
ASM
+
M W,M X,PF
2
2
12k V
3 8 5 .M VA
S
Si m u l a ti o n
o p ti o n s
1 4 1 0 .u F
M W,M X,PF
2 5 .5 /6 .6
60 Hz only
Np, Nq
Kp, Kq
2 .2 6 3
+
I/O FIL ES
1
8
1
8
60 Hz only
?m
Fl u o _ l i g h t
9
L a rg e _ i n d
15%
Sm a l l _ i n d
30%
20%
In c a n _ l i g h t
10%
Co l o r_ Tv
5%
9
R2
20%
1560 M W Res.-Com.-Ind. Load
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
A
B
C
D
E
-
Windmill Power Generation
In a weak Power System
1
12 x 2 M VA Doubly-fed
with PWM controller
(Variable Speed)
2
Realistic
Realistic
Realistic
Realistic
Dynamic
F
Wind Data;
DFIG Modeling;
Network & Load Models
Harmonic Distorsions &
Performances
20 MW
1
2
WIND2
P_Gr2
v
scope
Q_Gr_2
scope
Delay
!h
P
11 MW
Np,Nq
Kp,Kq
69/0.69
2
LL-g 6 cycles fault
Va,Vb,Vc
VLOADg1
SW1
+
MW,MX,PF
P
p1
+
p2
+
40nF
5nF
Q
P
DFIG_1
5nF
m1
1
Y gD_2
69/13.8
Weak Local 69 kV
Network (150 MVA)
+
+
+
40nF
1uF
scope
Y gD_3
1
+
Q
+ VM
2
C4
C3
MPLOT
?v
1
Y gD_1
69/6.6
4
?m
2
8 MW
SM
6.5 MW
SM1
ASM1
S
in
+
Va,Vb,Vc
ASM
out
MW,MX,PF
AVR_SM1
170uF
?m
5
0.1
1Ohm
13.8kV
10MVA
AVR
6.6kV
5000hp
VLOAD2
Np,Nq
Kp,Kq
5
50/60 Hz
Small Industrial load
I/O FILES
A
3
v
scope
P_Gr1
69/0.69
+
30
+
+
Q_Gr1
32Ohm
69kV /_0
4
WIND1
?i
100
0.4k
8 MW
Y gD_4
1
5/5.1/0
5/5.1/0
1E15/1E15/0
+
+
+
+
1
P_netw
scope
Q_netw
scope
5 x 2 M VA Doubly-fed
with PWM controller
(Variable Speed)
p3
DFIG_2
Z Dist
4
Q
+
3
50/60 Hz
2
15 MW
B
C
D
E
F
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
Insulation Coordination of a 150 kV GIS
1
1
+
0.1nF
T25
+
0.1nF
T15
BB1
+
+
CP
+
CP
1.1
+
CP
1.1
+
CP
1.1
+
CP
1.1
CP
1.1
1.1
BB2
Q1
Q2
Q1
Q2
2
+
CB
+
m6
+VM
?v
+
CP
2.3
+
Q2
+
Q1
+
+
+
+
+
CP
1.1
+
Q1
+
Q2
2
+
CP
1.1
+
Q1
+
CP
1.1
+
+
CP
1.1
+
Q2
+
Q1
+
+
Q2
+
Q1
+
CP
1.1
+
+
CP
1.1
+
+
CP
CB
1.75
CP
1.75
1.75
+
CP
CB
CB
+
+
+
1.6
+
+
+
2nF
CP
+
+
CP
3000
m3
+VM
?v
+
CP
3850
CP
3850
+
CP
30
17.4
+
+
+
10.6
CP
ZnO +
?i
ZnO +
280000
+
?i
ZnO3
MCOV=112 kV
TRANS2
2nF
TRANS3
TRANS1
2nF
4
m5
+VM
?v
GW
1.6
CP
1.6
CP
CP
1.6
T5
MCOV=112 kV
Tower
4
+
T5
+
3uH
+
11.1
CP
ZnO2
m1
+VM
?v
T1
0.1nF
+
m2
+VM
?v
+
3uH
DEV6
T1
3
L2
+
T5
R2
T1
0.1nF
+
+
L1
+
20
T1
+
1.6
CP
T1
T1
+
0.1nF
1.6
T1
CP
Backflashover at 300 m from the substation
on the 4th connected 150 kV line
3
1.6
CP
CP
+
+
+
+
+
CP
CP
1.75
CB
1.75
CP
1.75
CP
1.75
Q2
CB
CB
CABLE1
CABLE3
CABLE2
GW
300
CP
g1
+
170kVRMSLL /_180
ZnO1
AC1
L3
3uH
R1
+
150
5
m4
+VM
?v
+
CP
reference
ZnO +
300
MCOV=112 kV
m
1
.
1
2.9335cm
m
1
.
1
m
1
.
1
5
2.6225cm
?i
+
280000
R4
+
450
+
+
?vi>S
R3
+
450
1.254cm
three 150 kV lines
0.25m
0.50m
6
A
B
C
D
E
6
F
G
H
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
TRV STUDY AT A 345 kV SUBSTATION
1
1
P=-491.5MW
Q=37.4MVAR
Vsine_z:VwZ3
LF
LF3
Phase:0
0.99/_-1.0
+
UNIT 1
806.5 MVA
+
+
+
0.00119
61
55'
+
s184
LV
0.02975Ohm
HV
1.00/_3.5
CCPD
0.1nF
+
+
+
25nF
+
30
CCPD
+
R5-7
7.5nF
R6-7
+
+
(3)
3
7.5nF
3
150'
+
+
+
+
33'
+
33'
33'
CB_2DISC
CB_2DISC
R1-5
1.00/_3.5
150'
150'
(4)
+
Phase:0
110'
+
25nF
+
50nF
450'
f=8.77 kHz
25nF
25nF
R24
55'
+
+
DEV3
+
0.02975Ohm
2
+
22.8 kV Delta
345/1.732 kV Yn
279171.940927 /_-5
279171.940927 /_-125
279171.940927 /_115
PQbus:LF3
0.1nF
+
29.75
+
+
0.02975Ohm
LF
LF6
P=676MW
V=23.712kVRMSLL
s184a
Vsine_z:VwZ6
788
29.75
+
+
0.02975Ohm
VwZ6
2500
29.75
+
VwZ3
900
150'
29.75
+
R8
+
FD
+
+
20136 /_-12
20136 /_-132
20136 /_108
PVbus:LF6
2
+
View Steady -State
R1-11
R6-11
4
4
+
33'
+
33'
33'
+
33'
CB_2DISC
+
+
33'
33'
CB_2DISC
CB_2DISC
110'
+
+
+
450'
+
C15
R6-12
113
5
+
+
0.1nF
+
R2A-12
R2A-5
5
75'
2nF
150'
300'
+
+
Start & Standby Xformers
90'
+
75'
+
0.1nF
+
+
+
33'
33'
+
+
33'
33'
33'
+
33'
+
+
450'
90'
6
+
CCPD
+
1
+
25nF
+
+
150'
+
+
7
+
33'
CB_2DISC
CB_2DISC
?v
m1VM
VM
+
33'
?v
m2
0.1uF
1.nF
+
33'
(1)
2.5nF
+
+
7
327.5/161/13.8
7.5nF
0.3nF
R2G-5
R2G-6
1.03/_0.8
CP
FD
(2)
8
1.nF
P=-204.9MW
Q=-29MVAR
Vsine_z:VwZ4
+
+
1.nF
+
8
17.85
25nF
Inductiv e VT
0.1nF
CP
VM
+
+
+
+
25nF
+
55'
+
+
2
HV
450'
?v
m3
+
25nF
+
300'
LV
23.9 kV Delta
346.4/1.732 kV Yn
15.81
s155
0.0281Ohm
+
+
0.0281Ohm
+
+
0.0281Ohm
110'
+
0.0281Ohm
+
0.001124
+
+
+
+
+
19707 /_-12
19707 /_-132
19707 /_108
PVbus:LF2
345/161 kV
Autotransformer
1.nF
+
+
DEV19
VwZ2
R17
90'
0.1nF
LF2
Phase:0
2500
55'
C13
3
+
2nF
28.1
220'
+
LF
28.1
CB_2DISC
+
28.1
CB_2DISC
+
220'
28.1
+
+
UNIT 2
1110 MVA
P=850MW
V=23.712kVRMSLL
s155a
Vsine_z:VwZ2
6
+
110'
CB_2DISC
Start & Standby Xformers
LF
+
2
LF4
Phase:0
1.01/_0.3
1
0.99/_0.0
3
345/161/15
Slack: 343.27kVRMSLL/_0
Vsine_z:VwZ5
+
R5
LF
450
+
R6
345/161 kV
Autotransformer
9
+
VwZ5
1.3e+5 /_-12
1.3e+5 /_-132
1.3e+5 /_108
PQbus:LF4
2.8e+5 /_-7
2.8e+5 /_-127
2.8e+5 /_113
Slack:LF5
50nF
+
30
VwZ4
0.1uF
30
2.5nF
LF
LF5
Phase:0
+
R9
+
1020
+
R10
+
+
9
Three-Phase-to Ground
Fault Location
27.39MW
11.01MVAR
+
50nF
1
0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
1
0
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
Wind
1
1
200 MW Wind Farm Integration Study
DYg_10
2
1
0.69/34.5
+
RL
PI9
DEV2
Wind
v
DYg_7
2
1
2
2
PI8
Wind
RL
+/- 80 MVars SVC
+
0.69/34.5
DYg_8
2
1
SVC_1
Unique top
50/60 Hz
0.69/34.5
Np,Nq
Kp,Kq
3x
1x
+
2
1
138 kV Network
3
Wind
VLOAD1
PI7
Va,Vb,Vc
RL
3
DYg_1
2
1
MW,MX,PF
+
SW1
+
-1|1.1|0
3
138/34.5/13.8
?
Wind
PI4
C2
4
DYg_2
2
1
+
SW2
+
1.6|1.7|0
SW4
+
1.6|1.7|0
PI1
50.00
CP
m1
+VM
?v
1
RL
SW3
+
-1|1.1|0
CP
RL
DEV1
v
+
Wind
RL
0.69/34.5
PI2
+
Wind
DYg_4
1
2
RL
SW5
+
1|1E15|0
1|1E15|0
1e15|1E15|0
PI10
4
+
50.00
+
+
140kVRMSLL /_0
+
RL1
+
0.69/34.5
2
AC1
DYg_3
2
1
0.69/34.5
DEV3
+
PI3
Wind
RL
RL
DYg_5
1
2
DYg_9
2
1
RL
0.69/34.5
PI5
+
0.69/34.5
Wind
5
0.69/34.5
PI6
Wind
+
v
5
6
6
DYg_6
1
2
0.69/34.5
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
A
B
C
D
E
F
Ferroresonance Study
1
1
P
scope
+
3.4nF
+
i
P
Q
p1
Tr0_2
+
0.721,54.06Ohm
303.12kV +
RL2
+
+
+
HV
V1
1.15nF
+
Tr0
Y
66
303.11kVRMS /_0
2
1.227nF
132.79
+
I
+
0.054,2.68Ohm
+
Y
I
Hyst2
?i
+
m2
?v
0.1uF
+
VM
+
+
AC1
LV
0.0001,0.0001Ohm
+
-1|50ms|5
RL1
m1
+A
?i
+
0.5,10Ohm
i
jacobson_siemens_170mva_3.dat
model in: jacobson_siemens_170mva_2.hys
+
200
+
2
hfit1
Ydyn
Q
scope
5nF
4.025nF
Tertiary
?vipf
+
V2
4.025nF
Dynamic Resistance Controller
Modeling Eddy losses
scope
V1
p2
v(t)
+
loss1
1
+
-
V2
scope
scp3
sum1
3
Int1
Fm2
1
scope
3
scp10
Fm1
1
297.2
p3
v(t)
Ydyn
scp9
Gain1
Ftb1
ABS
RECIP
110000
Modeled Hysteresis Characteristic
at 1.0 &1.4 pu
4
4
Obtained HV Hysteresis
Characteristic at 1.0 & 1.4pu
(including Cap & Eddy losses)
5
5
6
6
Simulated Saturation Characteristic
(Air reactance of 45.8%)
Xm@1.0 pu = 300 kOhms
Air reactance=44.3%@ 170 M VA
Vm2 rms in pu of 303.11 kV
1.2
1.3
1.4
Im1 (rms) in pu of 170 MVA
0.021
0.180
0.406
7
7
A
B
C
D
E
F
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
1
1
Switching of A 420 kV Three-Phase Shunt-Reactor
I/O FILES
State of the art simulation introducing:
- A realistic model of a three-phase shunt reactor taking into account
the asymetrical couplings of the magnetic circuit;
- A realistic circuit-breaker model based on the well-known
Cassie - Mayr modified arc equations;
2
3
2
3
4
4
+
+
0 .5
0 .5
1 .6 n F
+
+
+
1uH
1uH
out
+
C8
+
+
+
in
Sim plified Ar c Model
based on
Mayr 's & Cassies equations
out
b
+
CB_ ARC_ a
C9
1 .1 5 n F
Line CVT
+
0 .5
+
+
+
1uH
1uH
4nF
Sim plified Ar c Model
based on
Mayr 's & Cassies equations
c
C1 1
DEV6
in
Sim plified Ar c Model
based on
Mayr 's & Cassies equations
out
in
1 .1 5 n F
out
c
CB_ ARC_ a
+
CB_ ARC_ a
6
+
DEV5
+
+
+
C1 3
0 .5
1 .6 n F
a
b
c
4nF
4 0 5 k VRM SL L /_ -3 0
+
+
1 .6 n F
+
200nF
+
AC1
+
6
+
+
0 .0 5 n F
+
out
+
CB_ ARC_ a
in
0 .7 5 n F
+
b
?v
200k
+
25uH
10
20 m
DEV4
Sim plified Ar c Model
based on
Mayr 's & Cassies equations
+
30m H
m1
+ VM
+
+
+
0 .8
1uH
DEV3
65 m
+
R1 0
+
5
+
+
+
1uH
3000
0 .7 5 n F
+
0 .5
1 .6 n F
b
+
Line
0 .5
c
1 .6 n F
+
R1 2
a
350
0 .3 7 5 n F
0 .0 5 n F
a
CB_ ARC_ a
+
CB_ ARC_ a
5
BUS2 4
in
0 .7 5 n F
out
+
in
Sim plified Ar c Model
based on
Mayr 's & Cassies equations
0 .3 7 5 n F
a
DEV2
Sim plified Ar c Model
based on
Mayr 's & Cassies equations
200k
DEV1
BUS2 3
0 .7 5 n F
1 .6 n F
+
0 .0 5 n F
C1 0
7
7
Network
Substation
420 kV Busbar
CT
Double-break 420 kV SF6 C.-B.
420 kV Busbar
CVT
Three-phase 420 kV Shunt-Reactor
8
8
Three-Phase 420 kV 100 MVARS Shunt Reactor
F= 0.548 Wb, N=1409 turns, L1=5.617 H
For mu (50 Hz) = 0.06 H/m:
Xac =Xc a= 9 Ohms
Xba=Xbc =7 Ohms
Xab=14 Ohms
Xaa= 1741 Ohms
Xbb= 1750 Ohms
Xc c =1741 Ohms
9
g = 12 mm
9
2900 mm
For mu (700 Hz) = 0.01 H/m:
x
x= 710 mm
1
0
2x
1
0
Xac =Xc a= 54 Ohms
Xba=Xbc =42 Ohms
Xab=84 Ohms
Xaa= 1741 Ohms
Xbb= 1750 Ohms
Xc c =1741 Ohms
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
1
1
6
Validation of the Air gap leader
Model with CIGRE equation
PLOT
x 10
Vleader_3MV@vn@1
breakdown time
0
-0.5
The applied surge varies
between -3 and -5M V
y
-1
m2
-1.5
2
VM +
2
?v
R
100
-2
+
The leader length
varies between 3 and 6m
+
2
3
4
t (ms)
5
6
7
+
AG
1
Leader
-2.5
-3
x 10
Vsurge
?v
-3060kV/-14000/-4166666
breakdown time definition
3
3
6
0
PLOT
x 10
Vleader@vn@1
Vsurge2@vb@1
-0.5
Length (m)
Voltage(MV)
-1
3
4
5
y
-1.5
-2
3
Equation
1.2516
0.6944
0.4622
Model
1.69
0.95
0.69
4
Equation
2.568
1.2516
0.7867
Model
2.9
1.58
1.1
5
Equation
5.4155
2.1491
1.2516
6
Model Equation Model
4.8
2.15
3.6902
3.1
1.3
1.9316
1.8
breakdown time comparison in us
-2.5
4
4
-3
-3.5
-4
0
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
t (ms)
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.1
A typical leader breakdown voltage
compared to the applied surge voltage
Ref:
1- Shindo, Takatoshi; Suzuki, Toshio (CRIEPI) " New Calculation Method
of Breakdown Voltage-Time Characteristics of Long Air Gaps",
IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, Vol. PAS-104, No. 6,
June 1985, pp 1556-1563.
5
2- DARVENIZA(M.); POPOLANSKY (F.); WHITEHEAD (E.R.) "Lightning protection of
UHV transmission lines", CIGRE report 1975-41.
I/O FILES
A
B
C
5
D
E
F
G
H
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
C4
sum3
Imin
C5
+
0.3
Imax
C1
VDCL
Iref
Iref
c
1.0
f max=f o+df
sum2
s40
Imin
1
+
+
DEV3
1.2
C2
fo
1
-0.15
c
Current Controller w ith VDCL
PI Controller
0.35
Kp=0.35
Ki=0.35
V.K.Sood
f req limits
set here
C3
c
id_rec
1
id_rec_pu
Scaling of Id
DEV6
freq_order
PLL osc 1
vdcl_input
freq_order
2
Fault/Test Sequence Generator:
Enter: amplitude and timing sequence
-0.2 pu
300-500 ms
1.0 pu
300-500 ms
1.0 pu
300-500 ms
1.0 pu
300-350 ms
0.75 pu 325-375ms
0.75 pu 300-400ms
1.0 pu
300-400ms
1.0 pu
300-400ms
25 Hz
300-400ms
Step Io
VDCL
BLOCK
DCFault
Apply FR
ACFault3
ACFault1
FR
Step Frequency
pulse_train
V.K.Sood
AC Filters
Step_Io
fa_in
fb_in
fc_in
v (t)
p1
v_pri_rec_a
v_pri_rec_b
v_pri_rec_c
C6
4.573uF
RLC8
+
+
FR
3
L3
82.6
f(s)
MAX
pulse_train
deblock
vd_rec_pu
Fm1
fs1
vac_rec
vac_rec
deblock
vd_out
Vdetector
R4
3.846mH
sg8
DEV1
vd_rec
1
2
vd_out
AC-DC Voltage Measurement Circuit
This is necessary f or f ast initialisation
V.K.Sood
Fm8
Startup
scp1
scope
Bridge_star
F1
F2
F3
F4
F5
F6
F7
F8
F9
F10
F11
F12
Bridge_delta
f_out
Frequency Measurement Circuit
+
RLC +
RLC +
0.63,27.83mH,3.009uF
0.63,19.52mH,3.009uF
RLC7
Forced Retard Rectif ier
Tests possible:
1. Step change in Io
2. Voltage Dependent Current Limit (VDCL)
3. Block/Deblock of firing pulses
4. DC Line fault with protection & recovery sequence
5. Three phase ac bus fault, with recovery sequence
6. Single phase ac bus fault, high impedance, no protection
7. Forced retard of rectifier firing pulses
8. Step change in oscillator frequency
rec_bus
F1
2
3
4
5
6
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
6
F1
3
rec_bus2
+
sg2
rec_star_firing
1
2
3
4
5
6
scp2
scope
rec_delta_pulses
Fm9
RL1
2
rec_star_pulses
V.K.Sood
sg6
Purpose: Teaching/Training of personnel on HVDC systems
Firing_Generator
f_m easure
1
Prepared by: V.K.Sood, sood.vijay@ireq.ca
Date: May 2003
DEV5
vd_rec_pu
DEV4
Step changes in Io
Timing
pulse_train
freq_meas
freq_meas
sg5
3
Amplitude
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
0.35
1600
Description
lim1
f min=f o-df
PI
Vd_static
Model of HVDC Rectifier operating with weak ac system
and bipolar 6-p dc system
Suggested Test Sequences
0.15
DEV2
u
out
Kp
Ki
error
+
-
Io_lim
Vd_dynamic
H
DOUBLE CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFO
Io_limit
+
c
Imax
c
0.25,45mH
+
230kV /_60
AC2
4
R3
+
s158
DCf ilter
m1
s123
+ VM
?v
Rectifier
To Bipolar DC system
220kV
sg1
1k,0,0.1uF
RLC
5
YgD_2
1
2
RLC4
ACFault1
rec_delta_bus
6-pulse bridge
+
1
a
GND
+
3-phase
R1
+
Inv erter
230/205.45
cSW5
1,0.2814,1uF
+
sg4
L4
Recov ery f rom a dc f ault will require FR to be coordinated
1 Ph f ault
-
gates
250mH
+ RLC
+
ACFault3
RLC5
220kV
R8
+
+
350mH
2.5
DCFault
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
RLC3
c
RLC +
b
H
DC1
DC2
RLC6
1
+
cSW2
+
cSW3
D1
1000,0,0.1uF
1
R7
+
DC Fault
RLC2
id_rec
+
vd_rec
-
gates
RLC
3 Ph f ault
sg7
230/205.45
a
cSW1
R6
+
D2
1000,0,0.1uF
+
1
4
+
R2
R5
+
NOR
3
0.1
Fm3
2
i(t)p2
1,0.2814,1uF
RLC1
v (t)
RLC +
2.5
1000,0,0.1uF
+
350mH
+
+
3-phase
rec_star_bus
1
VDCL
6-pulse bridge
2
0.050
cSW4
YY2
1
Delay
sg3
+
?vi
dly1
RLC
BLOCK
4
5
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
1
1
Field Recording
(10-08-1986)
Validation of the Secondary Arc
Model with IREQ Laboratory Tests
EM TP-RV Simulation
(05-22-2005)
2
2
R2
+
300
?i
RL1
+
0.7,13Ohm
C3
1.60uF
+
3
4
DEV1
3
Sec_ARC_a
+
66.4kVRMS /_0
+
+
1.05uF
Secondary arc
+
C2
+
SW1
+
100ms/200ms/0
AC1
0.2
R3
0.2
R1
4
Primary Arc: 5 kA eff
Secondary Arc: 40 A
Wind Speed: 9.7 km/h
Secondary Arc Duration: 1.04 sec.
315 kV insulator string, l=2.3 m
I/O FILES
Ref.: Kizilcay M ., Bán G., Prikler L., Handl P.: "Interaction
of the Secondary Arc with the Transmission System during
Single-Phase Autoreclosure" IEEE Bologna PowerTech
Conference, June 23-26, 2003
Bologna, Italy, Paper 471
5
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
5
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
1
1
Example of Synchronous/Asynchronous Machine Modeling
- Starting an 11000 hp motor at 1s with 5 induction machines
already in steady-state
- LL-g fault on the 120 kV bus with system islanding at 9 s
- System recovery by the governor system of the large SM until 30 s
- Case showing the good numerical stability of large number of machines in EMTP-RV
- Ref. (Motor): G. J. Rogers, IEEE Trans. on Energy Conversion, Vol. EC2, No 4
Dec. 1987, pp. 622-628.
- Using variable output rate after 15 s of simulation.
2
2
3
?v
13.8kV
500MVA
Tm
ASM1
YgYg_np2
2
1
?i
+
120kV /_17
3
9/9.15/0
9/9.15/0
1E15/1E15/0
0.2uF
4
Equivalent 120 kV Network
+
S
0.1
1Ohm
25.5/6.6
1
+
40uF
25.5/12
C4
YgYg_np1
+
6.6kV
11000hp
?
SW_ASM1
1/1E15/0
?m
2
ASM
P
1
C3
YgD_1
Q
0.2uF
Network
+
+
1
120/26.4
1uF
Q_net
Q
+
+
1
13.8/122
SM2
+
T
S
AVR&Gov
(pu)
P
?i
+
Speed
4
P_ASM1
scope
Q_ASM1
ASM1_control
SM
IN
scope
Starting motor at 1 s
SW_Network
+
+
AVR_Gov_SM2
P_net
-1/9.15/0
DYg_SM2
1
2
?m
SW_Fault
Out
+
Simulation
options
I/O FILES
+
2
MPLOT
scope
Vnet
VM
scope
Fault & System Islanding
at 9 s
3
380uF
C7
Induction motors in steady-state
?m
P
SM
SM_load
Q
Load1
420 MW Load
5
Pm
f(u)
1
SM_load_control
6.6kV
11000hp
Omega_1
6.6kV
11000hp
ASM2
S
ASM3
ASM4
ASM
S
?m
6.6kV
11000hp
?m
6.6kV
11000hp
ASM
S
ASM
ASM
ASM6
ASM5
?m
6.6kV
11000hp
?m
?m
ASM
S
240uF
S
+
5
12kV
40MVA
32 MW Synchronous Motor Load
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
1
1
Operation of Tap Changers During a Voltage Dip
2
2
loss1
1
loss2
1
V_230_pu
scope
V_26kV_pu
scope
21555
187771
3
3
+/- 10% of 230 kV
in 6 taps of 1.667%
Initial Tap at -2
Td0=10 s, Td inverse
Deadband of 1%
+/- 15% of 26.4 kV
in 8 taps of 1.875%
Initial Tap at -2
Td0=15 s, Td inverse
Deadband of 1.5%
OLT C_Control2
4
OLT C_Control1
Vmeas
Tap
Slack: 500kVRMSLL/_0
Vsine_z:VwZ1
Tap
Vmeas
4
rad mag V1
LF
LF1
YD_1
YgYgD_np1
2
VwZ1
+
1.02/_-3.4
1
2
1.01/_-44.9
PI
+
508kVRMSLL /_2
508kVRMSLL /_-118
508kVRMSLL /_122
Slack:LF1
230/26.4
?
Transmission Line
3
0.013
0.22Ohm
+
500/230/50
C1
MW,MX,PF
MW,MX,PF
SW1
+
0.1uF
5/50/0
1
PI1
rad mag V1
Z Dist
I/O FILES
Z Dist
+
50
5
VLOADg2
Creating a 5% Voltage Dip
Duration of 45 sec.
A
B
VLOADg1
Va,Vb,Vc
R1
C
Va,Vb,Vc
Np,Nq
Kp,Kq
5
Np,Nq
Kp,Kq
50/60 Hz
50/60 Hz
MPLOT
D
E
F
G
H
A
B
C
D
ZnO Arrester model based on IEEE Surge Protective
Device Working Group
1
1
Simulation
options
- L1 (uH) = 15 d/n; R1 (Ohm) = 65 d/n
- L0 (uH) = 0.2 d/n; R0 (Ohm) = 100 d/n
- C0 (pF) = 100 n/d
I/O FILES
d is the Height of the arrester and n is the number of parallel columns
2
2
Example of Modeling of an Ohio-Brass Zno Arrester for a 330 kV Network
MCOV= 209 kV
d=1.8 m, n=1
3
A0 & A1 Characteristics adjusted to get 516 kV for a 2 kA 45 us Switching Surge
then L1 adjusted to get 604 kV for a 10 kA 8/20 us Lightning surge
then checking for 10 kA 0.5 us front of wave 664.5 kV vs 665 kV from Ohio-Brass
FANTASTIC!!
3
m1
+ VM
?v
L0
L1
+
0.36uH
+
117
R1
180
R0
?i
0.0555nF
516000
C1
516000
ZnO2
10.7kA/-70000/-4755000
ZnO +
+
+
?i
Isurge1
42uH
ZnO +
Isurge2
+
+
Isurge3
?i
4
0.5 us
8 us
+
45 us
+
4
ZnO1
24.9kA/-55000/-175000
2.95kA/-5000/-46500
model in: A0_1_Char.pun
ZnO
Data function
model in: A1_1_Char.pun
ZnO
Data function
A1_1_Char.dat
5
5
A
B
C
D
New example
New example
New example
New example
New example
Contacts
Technical Support: support@emtp.com
Sales Team: sales@emtp.com
www.emtp.com
POWERSYS
Corporate headquarters
Les Jardins de l'Entreprise
13610 Le Puy-Sainte-Réparade
FRANCE
POWERSYS
German Office
Verbindungsbüro Deutschland
Walter-Kolb-Str. 9-11
60594 Francfurt/Main
DEUTSCHLAND
POWERSYS Inc.
8401 Greenway Blvd. Suite 210.
Middleton, WI 53562
USA
Sales Email:
sales@emtp.com
Support Email:
support@emtp.com
Email:
vertrieb@powersys-solutions.com
Sales Email:
sales.usa@emtp.com
Support Email:
support@emtp.com
Tel: +33 (0)4 42 61 02 29
Fax: +33 (0)4 42 50 58 90
Tel. : +49 (0)69 / 96 21 76 - 34
Fax : +49 (0)69 / 96 21 76 – 20
Tel : +1 608 203 8808
Fax: +1 608 203 8811
CORPORATE WEB SITE: www.powersys-solutions.com
Cannot be diffused nor copied without the written authorization of POWERSYS