Economic Surplus in Hine Estate,
1501-1504: How Much was
There and Who Got What?
1501-1504 年における日根荘の経
済的余剰：その額と得をしたのは
誰か
I. Taxes, in all their variety
a. 年貢, nengu, annual tax
b. 段銭, tansen, initially an extraordinary tax based on
unit of land, the tan, 991 sq. meters; temple “tax-free
land” included
c. 半済, hanzei, warrior “half-tax” for military needs
d. 加地子, kajishi, supplemental land tax or
supplemental rent
(
守加寺月
文
護地ニ六
陥子所日亀
二
落、買）年
悉得根十
従之来
Bunki 2/10/6, The kajishi tax
that had been bought by
Negoroji was completely
confiscated by the shugo.
e. 夫銭, busen, taxes paid in lieu of corvee
(
汰時此ハ月夫
文
候々申相分銭
亀
。の入閣沙之
二
成候候汰事
年
物上て可ハ
十
等者可申当
月
不、被候年
三
可来下。中
十
有年候相ニ
日
無よ、残三
）
沙り如分ヶ
但
Bunki 2/10/30: “However,
as for the taxes paid in lieu
in corvee, a three-month
portion is due within the
year. [We ask] that you
pardon the remaining
portion. In making this
request we agree that from
next year we will not be
negligent in the least in
paying the various levies
[to his lordship].”
f. 彼岸銭, higansen, equinoctial tax
(
。又云言也之二日
文
可々申。了月根
亀
催。、来。彼野元
促神不月今岸参年
条妙可中耕銭候五
、之叶令作事。月
於由由延時此昨十
彼仰仰引分間日六
岸之付者百加依日
銭。、可姓催召）
者来小畏等促也
不月々存難、。者
可ハ如之儀今申在
延反此由之朝云利
引銭沙雖時且。自
也事汰詫分納去
Bunki 1/5/16, In other matters,
Aritoshi came from Hineno; I had
summoned him yesterday. He said
that “he had been urging [the
farmers] recently to pay the second
month equinoctial tax, and just this
morning had collected it, but
incompletely. Because this is the
planting season, it is a difficult time
for the farmers. They petitioned him,
saying that if the collection of this
tax could be put off until the middle
of next month, they would be much
obliged, but Aritoshi had told them
this couldn’t be done, and so he had
been able to accomplish just this.” I
told him that this was fine. Next
month, the tansen would be due, so
the higan tax can not be postponed.
(
(
以廿八五十廿五五卅七百百二合日
上文文十文四十百文十文五百壱根
文 文文文 二 十文貫野
信石壱
貫
文 文 三村
濃井三
百彼
小 百
文岸
路在九御杓御こ雑杉米はひ在こ馬内銭
利文莚 茶せ紙原代むた利きノ 算
長
い借御大但用
二椀う
盛花
鱧
用 豆不之
ツ 壺ニニ
押
干
申器 作状
てて御
一
花
觴
四鯛候 五分
ツ
在
う
う
押
す
五月引
庄
）
一同帖用ち四同膳十候文
両日
ま日 五て亀
五 筋い 五日残元
月
月 分年
枚
廿
十 也
八
七
日
日
)
)
(
(
(
(
(
)
)
)
(
(
,
)
(
)
(
)
(
)
)
)
Accounting Document for Hineno Village
Equinoctial Week Tansen (Bunki 1)
Of the total of 1 kan 300 mon: (but this is just
what remains minus the unproductive land)
200 mon
beans for the horses, 5/15
150 mon
dishware: five trays, 5/17
100 mon
borrowed by Aritoshi, same
72 mon
sea bream, four slabs
30 mon
sea eel, four lengths
500 mon
rice payment, monthly expense
50 mon
sugiwara [paper], 2 quires, 5/28
24 mon
various paper, 2 quires, same
10 mon
jars/drinkware?, one pair
50 mon
teabowl, one
8 mon
ladles, two
20 mon
straw mat
Total above, 1 kan, 390 mon
Aritoshi (cipher)
Nagamori (cipher)
g. 閏月段銭, urūzuki tansen, intercalary tansen tax
(
云月従
永
々之殿
正
。年下
元
境被
年
内注
十
段送
一
銭云
月
被。
十
相依
一
懸当
日
閏
）
Eishō 1/11/11, Denka
[Kujō Hisatsune] sent a
message. Since this is a
year with an intercalary
month, there will be an
extraordinary tansen tax
imposed within keidai
[境内、けいだい, refers
to Kujō lands in
Yamashiro, Higashi Kujō
estate]
II. Big harvest; drumming of bellies!
(
之秋永
楽之正
、満元
云作年
々、正
。万月
民一
有日
鼓）
腹当
Eishō 1/7/1, “This
autumn the rice
heads are full,
and the people are
drumming their
bellies with joy, I
have heard.“
III. Eishō 1/3/28, Shōen Uma incident
(
由今成上々歟ハ
仰夜敗者献之可永
正
付廿事白料由切
了八、状ヲ廻歟元
年
。日地之廿思、
也下儀貫慮又三
月
。外也文之訴
明聞。可処人二
十
日尤以沙、召
早後献汰彼出八
日
旦難銭由正テ
可不可申円可）
切可閣之右令
頸然盗。馬対此
上
之。人然内決
These were the questions--whether
we should execute him immediately
or summon the accusers and have
them face off in court with the
accused--that were running through
my mind when word came that that
Shōen Uma had secretly sent word
that he would send 20 kanmon as
payment [for his crime]. He also
said the would provide a written
confession of his guilt. For the
villagers to accept a payment in
exchange for dismissing a crime of
thievery would be an affront to their
honor, completely inappropriate.
Tonight is the 28th. I gave
instructions that early tomorrow
[Shōen] is to be executed by
decapitation.
四六半屋 九又百八九半廿大田
十十 敷 十 五十十 歩四之
十分
永歩歩 分正歩 十歩歩
ハ円
歩
歩日
正
記
元大シ若 之ハ
ヤオ下
甲ワタ崎 南タ
マナタ
子ノルニ カケ ツノシイフ松
閏ククア イア チ田ツラル下
三ホチリ トリ マ ホニカニ
月ニニ
ル
アイア
三アア
ニ
リトリ
日リリ
ア
ノ、
リ
ツ大
、
ホセ
下
マ
ル
チ
ク
チ
List of paddies
1) dai, 40 bu [大 (dai) = 2/3s of a tan], in
Matsushita [Iriyamada]; dai semachi [field
division]
2) 20 bu Furukaito land [Iriyamada]
3) half a tan, in Shimo taira [Iriyamada]
4) 90 bu, same area
5) 80 bu, paddy in the mountains
6) 150 bu, in Tsuchimaru [Iriyamada], “lower
mouth” region
7) 90 bu, dry fields
Shō’en’s residential land within minami kaito
Residential land
1) half a tan, in Wakasaki
2) 60 bu, in Shitarukuchi [within Iriyamada]
3) 40 bu, in the Daiwa kubo [Iriyamada, Ōgi]
Eishō 1/i3/3
(
三之根下
永
・闕来地
正
四所寺売
元
千 ハ 御買
年
即
疋 代過閏
余令官分
三
没
地 之之
月
也収時儀
三
売
。 も也
取、。日
畢如先）
此
、此年
“There has been too much
buying and selling of land
and cultivation rights like
these. Some years back at
the time of the Negoroji
intendant, this sort of
confiscation of land
occurred, and the result
was that it was taken and
sold. This land is worth
3000 or 4000 hiki or
more.”
IV. Negoroji placard expenses, Bunki 2/9/12
首礼ニ毎度百疋,initial offering of 100 hiki, each time
札之代百疋、二枚取之,the cost of the edict boards, 200
hiki each
惣分之樽 十荷, casks of sake for the general body of
monks, 10 hoists
内談之輩十余人太刀之代以下貳千余疋, sword money
for the 10-plus members of the “inner group,” over 2000
hiki
(
モ事者馬此上盛
文
可之不等入郷ニ
亀
仰条可不山・仰二
合、遺可田熊云年
哉件一得中取、九
用物員ニ・所月
分。数所新詮十
事以歟預花佐二
如本。之・野日
然所敵財木・）
之之軍物嶋井重
方扱取・以原而
ヲ無陣牛下・長
Bunki 2/9/12, I again spoke to
Nagamori. “In short, clearly the
villages of Sano, Ibara, Kaminogō,
Kumatori, Shinge, and Kijima
have entrusted goods, as well as
cattle and horses, with Iriyamada
in numbers beyond counting. If an
enemy army decides to set up
camp here [in Iriyamada], none of
those goods will remain safely
here. Because their property has
been protected through my
mediation, as for the necessary
funds, it makes sense to discuss
having these [neighboring towns
help with the repayment], does it
not?”
V. Lending Masamoto funds for the month’s
estate expenses
判
御
所
谷
源
六
宮
内
渡御毎
文可年月右 秘
亀有貢貫御 計
四返に別在合申
年弁て六庄壱料
三之も十用貫足
月状段文と参事
十如銭宛し百
四件に加て文
日。て利被者
も平借
竹 直、召
原 ニ来処
取秋也
。
Regarding the funds privately
raised:
In sum, 1 kan 300 mon
Regarding the amount to the right
borrowed and received [by Lord
Kujō] for the purpose of estate
expenses. Each month interest will
accrue to the extent of 60 mon per
kan, and the coming autumn,
whether from the income of the
annual tax or the tansen tax, the
debt will be directly paid off. Such
is written and contracted here.
Bunki 4/3/14
Takehara seal
[To:] Genroku Kunai of the hamlet
of Goshodani [Iriyamada]
VI. What did they do with the surplus?
(
恥処所仏村
文
都、行以之亀
之各可後衆元
能能為尽風年
者作比種流七
。、興々念月
云哉風仏十
風之流又三
情由。来日
、、田堂）
云成舎之今
言其之庭夜
詞覚土、船
不之民念淵
Bunki 1/7/13, Tonight it was the
Funabuchi village members who
came to the temple grounds for
furyū nenbutsu. After the
nenbutsu, they carried out various
colorful dances [furyū]. As the
performance of countrified
peasants, it was certainly
interesting. In their
learning/understanding, each
acted with skill. Whether in
movement and bearing or in
speech they were equal to the
skilled performers of the capital.
(
云且仰之沙事関
永
々納付云汰、社
正
。之状々、仰連
元
。、。仍付歌年
以東言善当事六
其方語興段去月
今番道等銭十二
日頭断以之一十
重三次私処日八
而人第之、発日
令五也儀番句）
沙十。沙頭下太
汰疋堅汰無行井
Eishō 1/6/28, Regarding the
Ōizeki shrine renga gathering
set for the 11th I prepared the
opening verse and instructed that
[funds be provided for this] from
the present tansen tax. But the
bantō were uncooperative. So
Zenkō, etc., covered expenses
from his own private funds, I
was told. This is an unspeakable
development. After I issued
harsh orders, the East Side bantō,
three in number, brought more
or less 50 hiki. And today they
apparently tried to raise more, I
heard.
(
盂処早之番取文
蘭、々次頭地亀
盆為京第来下元
前上都、而人年
ト之へ併申ヲ七
テ御為可之昨月
、届地謂云夕六
乞ニ下足々自日
取テ青軽。地）
之ハ木風以下者
条無二情代乞去
、之可之物請々
、令所出テ月
以注作之取十
代進也儀返七
物之。、由日
親由慮守、於
子仰外護若佐
か付〜沙崎野
先之〜汰之搦
。
Bunki 1/7/6, In other matters, the
villagers who were captured in Sano two
months previous on the 17th were
released and sent back last night at the
people’s request--such was the word sent
by the Wakasaki bantō. A ransom fee
was paid, this according to the shugo’s
demands. In short, this was behavior
appropriate to a common foot soldier!
How unseemly, beyond belief! At this
point, when I told them to send
immediately, as villagers, a report to
Kyoto to Aoki, they responded that this
not was a matter of concern for me as
lord of the estate. They decided to
provide the ransom fee because of a
request that parents and children could
come [together] for the Urabon festival.
(
猶捕之地出
不取時下張文
亀
承畢、人、二
引。妻不吉
年
、以女謂見
云代遅男・九
月
々物ク女海
。百出生生一
日
不貫テ取寺
便可、了・）
抑
〜請根。シ
〜之来櫟ン宗
兵
。由衆之ケ
雖之井．衛
衆
懇足館佐
望軽ヲ野等
猶
、等退等
以
Bunki 2/9/1, On another matter,
Sōbei’s men are once again out in
force, having attacked Yoshimi,
Kaishōji, Shinge, and Sano, taking
villagers captive, male and female.
[As the shugo official] Ichiinoi was
withdrawing from his residence, his
wife [or wife and daughter, can be
either] was slow and as a result was
captured by Negoroji foot soldiers.
Though he earnestly requested that
they be freed for a ransom of 100
kan, they wouldn’t accept it, I was
told. Unfortunate, unfortunate.
VII. Warrior perspective
(
仰此
文
テ間
逃令亀
元
げ活年
サ計六
マ歟月
ヲ、十
切己七
了レ日
。ト）
Bunki 1/6/17, “‘Recently you
people have been living too
comfortably,’ he said as I
was trying to escape but was
cut down.”