Revenue cycle operations There are three functional areas in the revenue cycle (improve revenue cycle): front end, middle, and back end. FRONT-END PROCESSES • Pre-registration • Scheduling • Patient Access and Registration • Pre-authorization, Pre-certification, and Insurance Verification. • Point-of-Service Collections and Financial Counseling. MIDDLE PROCESSES • Clinical Documentation/Medical Records. • Charge Capture and Coding. • Charge Master and Master Patient Index. • Late Charge Reductions. • Case Management. BACK-END PROCESSES • Billing: Primary and Secondary Insurance. • Reimbursement, Posting, Refunds, and Adjustments. • Follow-Up/Tracking. • Denial Management. • Bad Debt and Collections. • Customer Service: Front, Middle, and End Processes. • Management Expectations. Quality measurements and metrics are important elements in the evaluation cycle, especially related to process improvement, for several reasons: • Metrics support the analysis, recommendations, and conclusions—you cannot argue with quantifiable data. • Metrics establish the tone where both negative and positive outcomes are measured. • Metrics provide a mechanism for understanding outcomes and a way to obtain employee buy-in to change. • Metrics establish accountability, especially for those employees not performing to par. • Metrics provide data to leadership, enabling them to focus of issues, problems, and resolutions. • Metrics are also used as a means to celebrate improvement once attained.