بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم EXPANDED PROGRAMM OF IMMUNIZATION Visit Age 1 At Birth Vaccine Disease Dose Route Site BCG Tuberculosis 0.05ml 1/d Right deltoid OPV zero Poliomyelitis 2 Drops Oral Oral 0.5 ml 1/m Anterolateral aspect of right thigh Diphtheria DPT-1 2 6 Weeks Pertussis Tetanus OPV-1 Poliomyelitis 2 Drops Oral Oral HBV-1 Hepatitis B 0.5 ml 1/m Anterolateral aspect of left thigh 0.5 ml 1/m Anterolateral aspect of right thigh Diphtheria DPT-2 3 10 Weeks Pertussis Tetanus OPV-2 Poliomyelitis 2 Drops Oral Oral HBV-2 Hepatitis B 0.5 ml 1/m Anterolateral aspect of left thigh 0.5 ml 1/m Anterolateral aspect of right thigh Diphtheria DPT-3 4 14 Weeks Perletsis Tetanus OPV-3 Poliomyelitis 2 Drops Oral Oral HBV-3 Hepatitis B 0.5 ml 1/m Anerolateral aspect of left thigh Measles 0.5 ml 1/m Left deltoid 0.5 ml 1/m Anterolateral aspect of right thigh 2 Drops Oral Oral 0.5 ml 1/m Anterolateral aspect of right thigh Measles 5 9 Months Vaccine Diphtheria 16-24 Months DPT Perletsis Tetanus 6 OPV Poliomyelitis Diphtheria 7 5-6 Years DT Tetanus EARLY DIAGNOSIS A. The treatment of patients B. For epidemiological investigation C. To study the time place and person D. For the institution of prevention and control measures. ISOLATION Separation for the period of communicability of infected persons or animals from others in such places and under such conditions, as to prevent or limit the direct or indirect transmission of the infectious agent from those infected to those who are susceptible or who may spread the agent to others. To protect the community by preventing transfer of infection from the reservoir. Period of isolation recommended Disease Duration of isolation Chickenpox Tuberculosis (sputum +) Herpes zoster Mumps Pertussis Until all lesions crusted; usually about 6 days after onset of rach From the onset of catarrhal stage through 3rd day of rash 3 days after tetracyclines started Until 3 consecutive negative stool cultures 3 Weeks 3 days after onset 2 weeks adult 6 weeks Paediatric Until 3 weeks of effective Chemotherapy 6 days after onset of rash Until swelling subsides 4 weeks or until paroxysms cease Meningococcal Meningitis Until the first 6 hours of effective antibiotic therapy are completed Measles Cholera/Diphtheria Shigellosis Salmonellosis Hepatitis A Influenza Polio Streptococcal pharyngitis QUARANTINE The limitation of freedom of movement of such well persons or animals exposed to communicable disease for a period of time not longer than the longest usual incubation period of the disease, to prevent effective contact with those not so exposed. Indications for chemoprophylaxis Disease Chemoprophylaxis Cholera Tetracycline or furazolidone for house-hold contacts Conjunctivitis bacterial Erythromycin ophthalmic ointment Diphtheria Erythromycin ( and first dose of vaccine) Influenza Amantadine (effective only for type A) for contacts suffering from chronic diseases Malaria Two tablets of chloroquine(150mg) once a week, on the same day each week. Meningitis meningococcal Sulphadiazine for 4 days For household and close community contacts immunization should e initiated in all cases (against serogroups A and C) Plague Tetracycline for contacts of pneumonic plague. DISINFECTION It is the killing of infectious agents outside the body by direct exposure to chemical or physical agents. Disinfectant or germicide is a substance which destroys harmful microbes (not usually spores ) with the object of preventing transmission of diseases. Antiseptic is a substance which destroys or inhibits the growth of micro-organisms. These are suitable for applications to living tissues. CONCURRENT DISINFECTION It is the application of disinfective measures as soon as possible after the discharge of infectious material from the body of an infected persons or after the soiling of articles with such infectious discharges. TERMINAL DISINFECTION It is the application of disinfective measures after the patient has been removed by dealth or to a hospital or has ceased to be a source of infection or after other hospital isolation practice have been discontinued. PRECURRENT (PROPHYLACTIC) DISINFECTION: Disinfection of water by chlorine, pasteurization of milk and hand washing may be cited as examples of precurrent disinfection. Deodorant is a substance which suppresses or neutralizes bad odours, e.g., Lime and bleaching powder. Detergent is a surface cleaning agent which acts by lowering surface tension, e.g., soap which removes bacteria along with dirt. Sterilization is the process of destroying all life including spores. It is widely used in medical practice.