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Week 2
ingratiate
• gain favor with somebody by deliberate efforts
invigorate
•
•
•
•
heighten or intensify
give life or energy to
make lively
impart vigor, strength, or vitality to
exculpate
• pronounce not guilty of criminal charges
enervate
• weaken mentally, physically, or morally.
• disturb the composure of
debilitate
• make weak
candor
• ability to make judgments free from discrimination or
dishonesty
• the quality of being honest and straightforward in attitude and
speech
dissuade
• turn away from by persuasion
animosity
• a feeling of ill will arousing active hostility
frivolity
• the trait of being frivolous; not serious or sensible
• something of little value or significance
• acting like a clown or buffoon
ratify
• approve and express assent, responsibility, or obligation
nullify
• declare invalid
• show to be invalid
• make ineffective by counterbalancing the effect of
refute
• overthrow by argument, evidence, or proof
• prove to be false or incorrect
supplant
• take the place or move into the position of
elocution
• an expert manner of speaking involving control of voice and
gesture
impediment
• something immaterial that interferes with or delays action or
progress
• any structure that makes progress difficult
impetus
• a force that moves something along
• the act of applying force suddenly
fickle
• marked by erratic changeableness in affections or attachments
• liable to sudden unpredictable change
recalcitrant
• stubbornly resistant to authority or control
• marked by stubborn resistance to authority
pugnacious
• tough and callous by virtue of experience
• ready and able to resort to force or violence
spurious
• plausible but false
• born out of wedlock
• intended to deceive
cacophony
• a loud harsh or strident noise
• loud confusing disagreeable sounds
scourge
• a whip used to inflict punishment (often used for pedantic
humor)
• something causing misery or death
• a person who inspires fear or dread
• punish severely; excoriate
• whip
• cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly
irascible
• quickly aroused to anger
• characterized by anger
blatant
• without any attempt at concealment; completely obvious
• conspicuously and offensively loud; given to vehement outcry
miniscule
• Very small
egregious
• conspicuously and outrageously bad or reprehensible
gratuity
• a relatively small amount of money given for services
rendered (as by a waiter)
• an award (as for meritorious service) given without claim or
obligation
dormant
•
•
•
•
in a condition of biological rest or suspended animation
(of e.g. volcanos) not erupting and not extinct
lying with head on paws as if sleeping
inactive but capable of becoming active
lethargy
• a state of comatose torpor (as found in sleeping sickness)
• weakness characterized by a lack of vitality or energy
• inactivity; showing an unusual lack of energy
capricious
• changeable
• determined by chance or impulse or whim rather than by
necessity or reason
diligence
• conscientiousness in paying proper attention to a task; giving
the degree of care required in a given situation
• persevering determination to perform a task
• a diligent effort
altruist
• someone who makes charitable donations intended to
increase human well-being
charlatan
• a flamboyant deceiver; one who attracts customers with tricks
or jokes
prerequisite
• something that is required in advance
• required as a prior condition or course of study
philanthropist
• someone who makes charitable donations intended to
increase human well-being
penchant
• a strong liking
nihilist
• someone who rejects all theories of morality or religious belief
• an advocate of anarchism
despot
• a cruel and oppressive dictator
culpable
• deserving blame or censure as being wrong or evil or injurious
laconic
• brief and to the point; effectively cut short; `yes'"
verbose
• using or containing too many words
lugubrious
• excessively mournful
sonorous
• full and loud and deep
antiquated
• make obsolete or old-fashioned
• give an antique appearance to
• so extremely old as seeming to belong to an earlier period
impecunious
• not having enough money to pay for necessities
prescient
• perceiving the significance of events before they occur
pusillanimous
• lacking in courage and manly strength and resolution;
contemptibly fearful
Agreement
Q #1
The harmful effects of excessive alcohol intake on the hepatic
system [is extensively documented by medical studies.]
A.) is extensively documented by medical studies
B.) is documented more extensively by medical studies
C.) are extensively documented by medical studies
D.) medical studies are extensively documenting
E.) has documented extensively by medical studies
Q #1 Answer
The harmful effects of excessive alcohol intake on the hepatic
system [is extensively documented by medical studies.]
C.) are extensively documented by medical studies
Q #2
The validity of IQ tests as accurate measures of human
intelligence have been the subject of much debate.
A.) have been the subject of much debate
B.) are often the subject of much debate
C.) has been the subject of much debate
D.) are a debate that is frequently held
E.) are something that many have been debating
Q #2 Answer
The validity of IQ tests as accurate measures of human
intelligence have been the subject of much debate.
C.) has been the subject of much debate
Q #3
Bob Hope, [long] [considered] a hero by many members [of] the
military, [were] very patriotic.
A.) long
B.) considered
C.) of
D.) were
E.) No error
Q #3 Answer
Bob Hope, [long] [considered] a hero by many members [of] the
military, [were] very patriotic.
D.) were
Q #4
By virtue of [their] size and superior technological advances, the
Russian army [was able] to quell the [aggressive] rebellion [with]
unmatched efficiency.
A.) their
B.) was able
C.) aggressive
D.) with
E.) No error
Q #4 Answer
By virtue of [their] size and superior technological advances, the
Russian army [was able] to quell the [aggressive] rebellion [with]
unmatched efficiency.
A.) their
Q #5
Some parents [believe that] a weekly allowance [help] children
[to appreciate] the importance [of] good money management
skills.
A.) believe that
B.) help
C.) to appreciate
D.) of
E.) No error
Q #5 Answer
Some parents [believe that] a weekly allowance [help] children
[to appreciate] the importance [of] good money management
skills.
B.) help
Q #6
The surgical method [of inserting] the valve, [which
includes] making a small incision between the ribs, [are
intended] to shorten recovery time and reduce
complications [associated with] traditional open-heart
surgery.
A.) of inserting
B.) which includes
C.) are intended
D.) associated with
E.) No error
Q #6 Answer
The surgical method [of inserting] the valve, [which includes]
making a small incision between the ribs, [are intended] to
shorten recovery time and reduce complications [associated
with] traditional open-heart surgery.
C.) are intended
Q #7
The play director has announced [that] if
anyone [wants] to try out [for] the musical,
[they] should do so immediately.
A.) that
B.) wants
C.) for
D.) they
E.) No error
Q #7 Answer
The play director has announced
[that] if anyone [wants] to try out
[for] the musical, [they] should do
so immediately.
D.) they
Modifiers
Q #8
If asked to name a famous explorer, Christopher Columbus
would probably be the person most of us would choose.
A.) Christopher Columbus would probably be the person most of us
would choose
B.) most of us would probably choose Christopher Columbus
C.) our choice for the most of us would probably be Christopher
Columbus
D.) Christopher Columbus would probably get most of our choices
E.) most of our choices would probably be for Christopher
Columbus
Q #8 Answer
If asked to name a famous explorer, Christopher Columbus
would probably be the person most of us would choose.
B.) most of us would probably choose Christopher Columbus
Q #9
Located in Manhattan, many sightseers like to visit the Empire
State building, a massive skyscraper constructed during the
Great Depression.
A.) many sightseers like to visit the Empire State building, a massive
skyscraper constructed during the Great Depression
B.) the Empire state building, a massive skyscraper constructed
during the Great Depression many sightseers like to visit
C.) and constructed during the Great Depression, many tourists like
to visit the Empire State Building
D.) the Empire State Building is a massive skyscraper, constructed
during the Great Depression, that many sightseers like to visit
E.) a massive skyscraper constructed during the Great Depression,
the Empire State Building, is a place that sightseers like to visit
Q #9 Answer
Located in Manhattan, many sightseers like to visit the Empire
State building, a massive skyscraper constructed during the
Great Depression.
D.) the Empire State Building is a massive skyscraper, constructed
during the Great Depression, that many sightseers like to visit
Q #10
[Having poured down heavily throughout the night, Felisha
observed that the rain had leaked into the cellar] through the
cracked window.
A.) Having poured down heavily throughout the night, Felisha
observed that the rain had leaked into the cellar
B.) Felisha observed that the rain, which had poured down heavily
throughout the night, had leaked into the cellar
C.) Having poured down heavily throughout the night, the rain was
observed by Felisha to have leaked into the cellar
D.) Felisha observed the rain, having poured down heavily
throughout the night, had leaked into the cellar
E.) The rain, which poured down heavily throughout the night,
leaked into the cellar as it was observed by Felisha
Q #10 Answer
[Having poured down heavily throughout the night, Felisha
observed that the rain had leaked into the cellar] through the
cracked window.
B.) Felisha observed that the rain, which had poured down heavily
throughout the night, had leaked into the cellar
Q #11
[When looking] at satellite photographs of the area [affected] by
Hurricane Katrina, the effects of the massive storm [are]
[clearly] visible.
A.) When looking
B.) affected
C.) are
D.) clearly
E.) No error
Q #11 Answer
[When looking] at satellite photographs of the area [affected] by
Hurricane Katrina, the effects of the massive storm [are]
[clearly] visible.
A.) When looking
Q #12
[Walking on four legs,] their two legged ancestry is revealed by
their hind legs, which are longer than their front legs, making
them slant forward when they stand.
A.) Though modern crocodiles walk on four legs,
B.) Four legged walkers,
C.) Modern crocodiles, despite walking on four legs,
D.) As four legged walkers, modern crocodiles,
E.) Having four legs,
Q #12 Answer
[Walking on four legs,] their two legged ancestry is revealed by
their hind legs, which are longer than their front legs, making
them slant forward when they stand.
A.) Though modern crocodiles walk on four legs,
Idioms
Q #13
[Quick to] [take advantage] of his mother’s [preoccupation in]
proper nutrition, Jules [convinced] her to cook a large breakfast
for him before he went to the beach for the day.
A.) Quick to
B.) take advantage
C.) preoccupation in
D.) convinced
E.) No error
Q #13 Answer
[Quick to] [take advantage] of his mother’s [preoccupation] in
proper nutrition, Jules [convinced] her to cook a large breakfast
for him before he went to the beach for the day.
C.) preoccupation in
Q #14
Scientists [are amassing] evidence that the placebo [affect] is a
physiological reaction, and that the expectation of a benefit [can
trigger] the same neurological pathways as [real medication
does].
A.) are amassing
B.) affect
C.) can trigger
D.) real medication does
E.) No error
Q #14 Answer
Scientists [are amassing] evidence that the placebo [affect] is a
physiological reaction, and that the expectation of a benefit [can
trigger] the same neurological pathways as [real medication
does].
B.) affect
Q #16
[Being as he is a perfect gentleman], Tommy is well known for
his polite behavior even around strangers.
A.) Being as he is a perfect gentleman
B.) Although he is a perfect gentleman
C.) Being a gentleman perfectly
D.) A perfect gentleman
E.) In being a perfect gentleman
Q #16 Answer
[Being as he is a perfect gentleman], Tommy is well known for
his polite behavior even around strangers.
D.) A perfect gentleman
Parallelism
Q #15
Harper’s Conservative Party [favors lowering taxes, a more
decentralized government, and the spending of less money] on
imports.
A.) favors lowering taxes, a more decentralized government, and
the spending of less money
B.) favor lower taxes, more decentralizing government, and
spending less money
C.) favors lower taxes, a more decentralized government, and a
lesser expenditure
D.) favoring lower taxes, a more decentralized government, and less
money spent
E.) favor lowering taxes, a more decentralized government, and
spending less money
Q #15 Answer
Harper’s Conservative Party [favors lowering taxes, a more
decentralized government, and the spending of less money] on
imports.
C.) favors lower taxes, a more decentralized government, and a
lesser expenditure
Q #17
[Too much] sugar [causes] a cake to sag [in the center], to brown
excessively, and [having sticky], thick crust.
A.) Too much
B.) causes
C.) in the center
D.) having sticky
E.) No error
Q #17 Answer
[Too much] sugar [causes] a cake to sag [in the center], to brown
excessively, and [having sticky], thick crust.
D.) having sticky
Q #18
[After completing] her examination of the patient, the medical
intern [informed] the chief resident that the patient [was] not
only feeling sick, [but dizzy], and therefore might have an
infection.
A.) After completing
B.) informed
C.) was
D.) but dizzy
E.) No error
Q #18 Answer
[After completing] her examination of the patient, the medical
intern [informed] the chief resident that the patient [was] not
only feeling sick, [but dizzy], and therefore might have an
infection.
D.) but dizzy
Homework:
• Syllogism practice:
• Come up with a syllogism in answer to this prompt.
• How important is it to seek the opinions of others when making
significant personal decisions?
• Then turn that syllogism into a paragraph.
• Print it out, bring it in.