Chapter 19 Review
Earthquakes
Movement occurs along fractures
in rocks when _____.
1. stress equals the strength
of the rocks involved
2. stress overcomes the
strength of the rocks
involved
3. stress is applies to the
rocks involved
4. stress is less than the
rocks involved
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
The strain which causes a
material to twist is known as
1. stress
2. compression
3. tension
4. shear
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
The strain which causes a material to
pull apart is known as
1. stress
2. compression
3. tension
4. shear
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
P-waves and S-waves are also
known as ____.
1.
2.
3.
4.
surface waves
ground waves
body waves
first waves
25%
1
25%
25%
2
3
25%
4
Which point marks the
epicenter of the earthquake?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
At which point will the most
damage as a result of the
earthquake occur?
1. A
2. B
3. C
4. D
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
What is true about the focus?
1. It is the point where the most
surface damage will occur.
2. It is the point where the surface
waves originate and spread out.
3. It is the point where the waves
are attracted.
4. It is the point of failure where
the waves originate.
0% 0% 0% 0%
1
2
3
4
What keeps the stable part of this
seismometer from moving during an
earthquake?
1.
2.
3.
4.
inertia
gravity
its mass
its location
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Which part of the seismometer does
not shake during an earthquake?
1. the frame
2. the spring
3. the rotating
drum
4. the pendulum
and pen
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Use the graph to answer the
questions.
A seismogram is located 4500 miles away from the
epicenter of an earthquake. What is the difference
in time between when the P-waves reach the
seismogram and the S-waves reach the
seismogram?
1. 5 1/2
minutes
2. 6 minutes
3. 10 minutes
4. 22 minutes
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Which type of material would be
best to use for construction in an
area prone to earthquakes?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Concrete
Brick
Wood
Stone
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Organize the locations from
lowest to highest hazard.
1.
2.
3.
4.
B, A, D, C
C, D, A, B
A, B, C, D
B, A, C, D
Location
Earthquake
History
Strain
Buildup Rate
A
many
earthquakes
slow
B
few
earthquakes
moderate
C
many
earthquakes
fast
D
many
earthquakes
moderate
0% 0% 0% 0%
1
2
3
4
Seismologists have assessed a particular area
and predict that an earthquake occurs every
17 years in that area. If the last earthquake
occurred in 1998, when will the next
earthquake most likely occur?
1.
2.
3.
4.
2010
2015
2017
2025
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Over the past 250 years a city has
experienced 23 earthquakes at rather
regular intervals. Approximately how
often have these earthquakes occurred?
1.
2.
3.
4.
every 50 years
every 10 years
every 100 years
every 5 years
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
A city is located over an active fault, but has
not experienced an earthquake for a long
period of time. The city is most likely located
where?
1. over a seismic gap
2. in an area of low
recurrence
3. over minimal strain
accumulation
0%
0%
0%
0%
4. at a location of low
seismic risk
1
2
3
4
____ and the amount of strain released
during the last quake are used in
earthquake probability studies.
1. Seismic belts
2. Strain
accumulation
3. Fault scarps
4. Tsunamis
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
On a seismometer, vibrations of the
ground do not move the ____.
1. frame
2. spring
3. recording
drum
4. suspended
mass
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
A ____ fault forms as a result
of horizontal compression.
1.
2.
3.
4.
blind
normal
strike-slip
reverse
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
The San Andreas Fault, a
result of horizontal shear, is a
____ fault.
1.
2.
3.
4.
blind
normal
strike-slip
reverse
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
The locations of seismic belts are
determined by plotting ____.
1. earthquake
epicenters
2. seismic gaps
3. earthquake foci
4. epicentral distances
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
A numerical scale of earthquake
magnitude that takes into account the
size of the fault rupture is the ____.
1. Richter scale
2. modified Mercalli scale
3. moment magnitude
scale
4. epicentral distance scale
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Deaths associated with earthquake
deaths in sloping areas can result from
1. tsunamis.
2. landslides.
3. formation of
fault scarps.
4. surface
ruptures.
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Does not pass through Earth’s
liquid outer core
1. surface wave
2. P-wave
3. S-wave
0%
1
0%
2
0%
3
Does not pass through Earth’s
interior at all
1. surface wave
2. P-wave
3. S-wave
0%
1
0%
2
0%
3
Squeezes and pulls rocks in
same direction as the save
travels
1. surface wave
2. P-wave
3. S-wave
0%
1
0%
2
0%
3
Is refracted by Earth’s core
1. surface wave
2. P-wave
3. S-wave
0%
1
0%
2
0%
3
Absence of this kind of waves
results in a shadow zone
1. surface wave
2. P-wave
3. S-wave
0%
1
0%
2
0%
3
Causes structures to sink into the
ground
1. Liquefaction of soils
2. Collapse of higher, intact floors
onto ground floors
3. Vertical motions of the seafloor
during an earthquake
4. Natural sway of intermediate
buildings equals the period of
vibration of the earthquake
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Type of structural failure called
“pancaking”
1. Liquefaction of soils
2. Collapse of higher, intact floors
onto ground floors
3. Vertical motions of the seafloor
during an earthquake
4. Natural sway of intermediate
buildings equals the period of
vibration of the earthquake
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Type of structural failure related to
building height
1. Liquefaction of soils
2. Collapse of higher, intact floors
onto ground floors
3. Vertical motions of the seafloor
during an earthquake
4. Natural sway of intermediate
buildings equals the period of
vibration of the earthquake
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Results in a tsunami
1. Liquefaction of soils
2. Collapse of higher, intact
floors onto ground floors
3. Vertical motions of the
seafloor during an
earthquake
4. Natural sway of intermediate
buildings equals the period of
vibration of the earthquake
0%
1
0%
0%
2
3
0%
4
Section of an active fault that has not experienced a
significant earthquake for a long time
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
modified Mercalli scale
magnitude
stress
fault
tsunami
strain
seismic gap
surface wave
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Rates earthquake intensity
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
modified Mercalli scale
magnitude
stress
fault
tsunami
strain
seismic gap
surface wave
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Wave generated by vertical motions of
the seafloor
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
modified Mercalli scale
magnitude
stress
fault
tsunami
strain
seismic gap
surface wave
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Seismic wave that causes the ground to move
in two directions
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
modified Mercalli scale
magnitude
stress
fault
tsunami
strain
seismic gap
surface wave
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Forces per unit area acting on a material
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
modified Mercalli scale
magnitude
stress
fault
tsunami
strain
seismic gap
surface wave
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Measure of the energy released by a quake
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
modified Mercalli scale
magnitude
stress
fault
tsunami
strain
seismic gap
surface wave
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Deformation of materials in response to stress
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
modified Mercalli scale
magnitude
stress
fault
tsunami
strain
seismic gap
surface wave
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Fracture in rock along which movement
occurs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
modified Mercalli scale
magnitude
stress
fault
tsunami
strain
seismic gap
surface wave
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Most rocks that exist in Earth’s
crust are brittle but become
ductile at great depths where
temperatures are cooler.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
Seismic belts are relatively
narrow and tend to follow
tectonic plate boundaries.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
If two seismic stations receive data from
an earthquake, the quake’s location can
be computed if P-waves, S-waves, and
surface waves have been received.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
The fact that a significant
earthquake has not occurred within a
seismic gap indicates that an
earthquake is more likely to occur in
the near future.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
On a seismometer, the suspended
mass tends to stay at rest during an
earthquake because of inertia.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
A seismometer is designed so
that its frame vibrates with the
movement of the ground.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
The amount of damage done to
structures as a result of an
earthquake is the earthquake’s
magnitude.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2
S-waves are refracted, or bent,
by Earth’s outer core.
1. True
2. False
0%
1
0%
2