Chapter 16 The Civil War
(1861-1865)
Section 1 The Two Sides
Chapter Time Line
Chapter Time Line
What do you think might have been the greatest
advantage for the Confederates during the Civil
War?
A. They were fighting on
their own land.
B. They had excellent
military leaders.
D.
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A
C.
A. A
They had a stronger
B. B
fighting spirit.
C. C
The South had a large coastline that would take
time to capture.
D. D
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What were the strengths and
weaknesses of the North and the
South?
Battle of Malvern Hill
• 1862- A Union
sergeant named
Driscoll shot a young
Confederate soldier
• Driscoll went to see
the soldier’s face to
see if he was dead
• He looked at the dying
soldiers face and the
boy murmured “father”
• The son had gone
south before the war
• Like the Driscolls,
many families were
divided by the war
The Border States
• The border statesDelaware, Maryland,
Kentucky, and Missouri
• Choosing sides for the
border states was difficult
• Slavery was legal in all 4
states
• All 4 had ties to the North
and South
• These states were vital to
the Union because of their
strategic locations
(Mississippi and Ohio
Rivers)
• Maryland was probably the
most important border state
(Close to Richmond,
Washington D.C. was in the
state)
• Abraham Lincoln worked to
keep the border states in the
Union
Comparing the North and South
• Both sides had
advantages
• North had a larger
population and better
resources
• South had excellent
military leaders
• South had a strong
fighting spirit
• The war was fought in
the South, so the
Confederacy knew the
land and had the will to
defend it
•
•
•
•
•
•
War
Aims
The South’s goal was to be an
independent nation
The Confederacy needed only
to fight hard enough and long
enough to convince
Northerners that the war was
not worth the cost
In contrast, the Northern goal
was to restore the Union
The Union had to invade the
South and to force the
breakaway states to give up
their quest for sovereignty
Although slavery was part of
the problem, President
Lincoln’s original aim was not
to defeat slavery
Lincoln said “If I could save the
Union without freeing any slave
I would do it”
Confederate Strategies
• The South supplied England
and France with cotton
• The South expected them to
help them by putting
pressure on the North to end
the war
• The South’s basic strategy
was to have a defensive war
• Just hold on to as much
territory as possible
• Then the Northerners would
get tired of the war
• The only exception was that
they planned to attack
Washington, D.C.
Why did the South develop a defensive strategy
for the Civil War?
A. They counted on support
from Britain and France.
B. They had much less land
than the North.
D.
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D
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C
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B
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A
C.
A. A
They believed the North
B.
B
would tire of the war.
They wanted to hold off violence as C.
longCas
possible.
D. D
Union Strategies
• The North’s plan came from
General Winfield Scott and
had 3 parts
• 1. The Union should
blockade Southern ports
(keep them from getting
supplies or exporting
cotton)
• 2. The Anaconda PlanGain control of the entire
Mississippi River (Split the
Confederacy in two)
• 3. Capture Richmond,
Virginia, the Confederate
capital
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Americans
Against
Americans
The Civil War put brother
against brother
Kentucky Senator John
Crittenden had two sons
who became generals
One for the Union and one
for the Confederacy
President Lincoln’s wife,
Mary Todd Lincoln, had
relatives in the
Confederate army
Many people signed up for
both sides- some
motivated by patriotism
and loyalty to their causes
Others would be called
cowards if they didn’t
serve
Others wanted excitement
Soldiers
• Many recruits were barely
adults
• 10s of 1000s were under
18
• Some as young as 14 (ran
away and lied about their
age)
• Early on, African
Americans were not
allowed to fight
• Northern leaders worried
that white troops would not
accept African American
soldiers
• Later in the war, the policy
changed
Why were African Americans not allowed to
fight in the Union Army in the war’s early years?
A. Because of laws forbidding
African Americans to be armed
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A
D. Because of a belief that they
were not effective warriors
A
B
C
D
C
C. Because of fear of a rebellion
A.
B.
C.
D.
B
B. Because of fear that they would
not be accepted by white troops.
False Hopes
• At the start of the war,
both thought it would
be a short war
• The North figured the
South couldn’t hold on
for long
• The South felt that
their fighting spirit
would stop the North
• Both sides were wrong
• The war lasted longer
than each side thought
Who Were the Soldiers?
• Soldiers came from every region
• More than 50% of the Northern
soldiers and 60% of Southern
soldiers owned or worked on
farms
• The Northern soldiers signed up
for a short amount of service
time (90 days)
• Summer of 1861- Confederate
(Rebels) army had 112,000
soldiers
• Union (Yankees) army had
187,000
• By the end of the war, the
Confederates had 900,000
soldiers and the Union had 2.1
million soldiers
• The Union had 200,000 African
American soldiers and 10,000
Latino soldiers
The Life of a Soldier
• The North and South faced
new challenges
• Many soldiers wrote about
their boredom, discomfort,
sickness, fear, and horror
• The soldiers lived in
camps
• The soldiers sang songs,
told stories, wrote letters
home, and played baseball
• Most of the time was dullroutine of drills, bad food,
marches, and rain
• Sometimes, soldiers from
opposite sides took a
break and had coffee
together and talked,
then…
• Went back to shooting at
each other
The Reality of War
• Both sides suffered
terrible losses
• New rifles used during
the Civil War fired with
greater accuracy than in
earlier wars
• Medical facilities were
crowded with 1000s of
casualties
• After the Battle of Shiloh,
the wounded waited in
the rain for 24 hours
waiting for treatment
• Faced with these horrors,
many men deserted
• 1 out of every 11 Union
soldiers and 1 out of
every 8 Confederate
soldiers deserted
• They deserted because
of fear, hunger, and
sickness
What were the strengths and weaknesses of
the North and the South?
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-NORTH- Strengths- larger population; more
railroads, farms, exports, manufactured goods
-NORTH-Weaknesses- War would be fought in
unfamiliar territory
-SOUTH-Strengths- excellent military leaders,
strong fighting spirit, knowledge of the territory
-SOUTH- Weaknesses- smaller population;
fewer resources and industry
Chapter 16 Section 1 Quiz
se
Fa
l
Tr
ue
Maryland, Delaware, Kentucky, and Missouri
were bitterly divided between supporting the
Union or the Confederacy.
A. True
50%
50%
B. False
Maryland was a very important
border state.
se
50%
Fa
l
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
An efficient railway network was
one of the South's strengths.
se
50%
Fa
l
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
For the South, the primary aim of
the war was to preserve slavery.
se
50%
Fa
l
50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
For the North, the primary goal
was to preserve the Union.
se
50%
Fa
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50%
Tr
ue
A. True
B. False
Perhaps the most important
border state was
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Kentucky.
Delaware.
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Maryland.
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The South expected support from Britain
and France because the war disrupted their
supply of
A. sugar.
25% 25% 25% 25%
B. cotton.
C. rice.
D. wheat.
For the South, the primary aim of
the war was to win recognition
A. for having good
soldiers.
B. as slaveholders.
C. as an
independent
nation.
D. as a wealthy area.
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What was one of the main
advantages of the South?
A. a small population
of free men
B. excellent military
leaders
C. its belief in states'
rights
D. its industrial base
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Most soldiers, both Confederate
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