AYUBOWAN
May all living-beings live long
Why Post Graduate studies/Research ?
For personnel “ego”
as a source of income till permanent
employment (esp: research projects)
As a “ticket” for the future.- Career
Enhancement
PG/R. must be done to ensure
that..
“I feel special because they speak
to me in my language”.
This depends very much on
whether the present PG/research
you are involved in is
• - your own conceived “problem/ hypothesis”
• - is that of the supervisor
Your commitment will depend on this fact
and it will also open to the real need in
pg/research – dialogue with supervisor.
• PG/Research seeks new information
• PG/Research confirm existing
information
• Information fuel change
• PG/Research through a scientific
method “seeks reliable knowledge”
Link between
Development and
Environment
DEVELOPMENT
Economic, social
Environment
achieves
IMPACT ON
ENVIO: QUALITY
Air, water
affects
ENVIO: DAMAGE
Soil degradation,
scarcity of water
Depletion of ecosystems
Loss of NR
affects
UNPLEASANT ENVIO:
Pollution- air, water
Waste
Destruction of NR
Sanitation
GENERAL WELL-BEING
OF PEOPLE
HUMAN HEALTH
PRODUCTIVITY
affects
PLEASANT / DESIRABLE
LIVING
What is the environment ?
Hunter –
INSECURITY,
and
UNCERTAINITY
Gatherer
OF THE FUTURE
Agricultural practice
?
Present society
SECURITY
and
CERTAINITY
NATURAL
THEORITICAL
BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
NATURAL
THEORITICAL
STRUCTURED
NATURAL
THEORITICAL
BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
ENVIRONMENT
NATURAL
THEORITICAL
STRUCTURED
NATURAL
THEORITICAL
ENVIRONMENT
BUILT
ENVIRONMENT
NATURAL
THEORITICAL
STRUCTURED
Past development caused
the three elements of the
environment – NATURE,
BUILT and THEORIES to
move apart
Changes in environmental indicators, 1750 - 2000
Atmos CO2 conc
Atmos ozone loss
Atmos N2O conc
Av surface temp
(NH)
Fully exploited fisheries
Loss of trop forest, woodland
Coastal shrimp farms
Atmos CH4 conc
Climate disasters
Coastal N2 flux
Domesticated land Global biodiversity
From: Steffen et al. In press 2004
1972 June 3-5
UN Conference on Human Environment
held in Stockholm. The conference is rooted in
the regional pollution and acid rain problems of
northern Europe. The conference leads to
establishing many national environmental
protection agencies and the United Nations
Environment Programme (UNEP).
http://www.unep.org/
It also recognized…
POVERTY as the cause for ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION
SOLUTION
undertake
DEVELOPMENT
1982
ENVIRONMENT AND DEVELOPMENT
Nairobi Environment Conference
The United Nations World Charter for Nature
published. It adopts the principle that every form of life
is unique and should be respected regardless of its
value to humankind.
http://sedac.ciesin.org/pidb/texts/
world.charter.for.nature.1982.html
Brundlandt Commission appointed on
Environment and Development
1987
Our Common Future
Brundtland Report Report of the World
Commission on Environment and Development
weaves together social, economic, cultural and
environmental issues and global solutions.
Chaired by Norwegian Prime Minister Gro Harlem
Brundtland. Popularizes term “sustainable
development.”
1992
Earth Summit.
UN Conference on Environment and
Development
(UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro, under the leadership
of Maurice Strong. Agreements reached on Agenda 21,
the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Framework
Convention on Climate Change, the Rio Declaration,
and non-binding Forest Principles. Concurrent NGO
Global Forum publishes alternative treaties.
http://www.unep.org/unep/partners/un/unced/home.
htm
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Development that meets the
needs of the present ,without
compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their
own needs.
Millennium Ecosystem
Assessment
2000
2002
World Summit on Sustainable
Development
held in Johannesburg, South Africa. World
governments, concerned citizens, UN
agencies, multilateral financial institutions,
and other major groups participate and
assess global change since the United
Nations Conference on Environment and
Development (UNCED) in 1992.
http://www.johannesburgsummit.org/
1972
SOLUTION
POVERTY the cause for
ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION
DEVELOPMENT
ENVIRONMENTAL
DEGRADATION the
cause for POVERTY
SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT
2002
Three Dimensions of SD
ECONOMIC
SOCIAL
SD
ENVIRONMENTAL
All these reflect the following trends….
Decline in resource availability
and ecosystems
Diminishing
margin for
action
Sustainability
Impact = Population x Consumption x
Technology
The challenge of sustainable development arises from these two
major converging trends.
Given the scale and nature of environmental
problems, we need new mental models and
ways of thinking to solve them.
Problems cannot be solved
within the mindset that
created them.
Albert Einstein
AN ATTITUDINAL CHANGE IS NEEDED
FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT ….
Ecology
Sociology
Economics
THE NEW SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT MODEL OF
INCLUSIVITY OF PRINCIPLE SUBJECTS OF CONCERN
When will the REAL environmental commitment come ?
1972
1977
1982
1987
1992
1997
2002
2007
2012
72
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
1974
formal EE
in schools
77
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
82
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
1981 En Sc
in Uni
(Colombo)
87
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
92
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
1986 Env.
Mgmt in
SLIDA
97
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
02
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
07
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
Seat of Power and
Decision making
12
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
“Mihinda Chinthanaya –
Vision for the future”
• “In the next few years, we will face two
major economic challenges. One, will be
to ensure that the growing economic
prosperity and the benefits of recent
developments will filter down to all our
people. Second, will be to lay the
foundation for long term sustainable
development.” (page 9)
“Mihinda Chinthanaya – Vision for the
future”
• “It is evident that Sri Lanka cannot
sustain its development efforts due to
the lack of resources and environmental
pollution. Consequently the “Haritha
Lanka” programme will be launched from
2010-2020, under my leadership, with
the objective of creating a base for
sustainable development.” (page 65)
New Sri Lanka Will Have the first
comprehensive SUSTAINABLE
DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME
HARITHA
LANKA
To forge a
relationship with
nature that would
ensure sustainbility
in all its activities
aimed at improving
the quality of life
Haritha Lanka - Strategies
• 10 Strategies identified…
• Incorporate sustainable development
aspects in the curricular of Universities
(Wasanawan)
Suba Anagathayak
(Theruvan Saranai)
Professor. Sarath Wimalabandara Kotagama
Professor of Environmental Science
University of Colombo