Improving exam technique WJEC Geography Spec B Feedback from the June 2011 exam Higher Paper The key points emerging from the June 2011 Unit 1 and 2a exam are given in the Examiners Report. This report can be downloaded from the WJEC website at: Action points following the 2010 Unit 1 Examination Success Nearly all the candidates completed both questions, with little evidence of time management issues. Most students completed the case studies using the whole space provided for them (nearly 2 pages!). Higher tier served as a fair comparison of candidates ability – Very clear that some students had been entered for the wrong tier! Ten Ways to Improve your exam performance Give Map Evidence..... Map evidence includes: •The specific name of a feature e.g. M1, High Farm •A grid reference (4 fig will do) •Reference to another named feature on the map e.g. South east of Whitby Abbey a.i. Give one piece of map evidence which suggests the area is popular with tourists. [1] Upgang Beach, West Pier, Campsites e.g. Stoupe Cross Farm. c. ii. Why is the Whitby area a desirable place to live? Give two pieces of map evidence to support your answer. [4] Map evidence Why it makes Whitby a desirable place to live Upgang Beach Relaxing – fun for the family Museum in square 9010 Educational/interesting for people who are interested in history Use map evidence to explain why this was a good site to build: •The Trafford Shopping Centre OR •The Lowry/BBC Get ordnance survey maps from previous exam papers or from http://www.geointeractive.co.uk/ Students use ‘affect’ when they are trying to explain, but it limits the marks they can achieve. • For example: • Explain how the building of the supermarket may affect the people of Whitby. [4] • Candidate A: The supermarket will affect journey times because of all the extra traffic. It will affect the elderly because they will be able to get to the supermarket easily. The candidate thought that they had explained that the extra traffic will impact on journey times but they haven’t said whether journey times will be longer or shorter. It is not the job of the examiner to interpret meaning where it is implied. The second point does not say how the elderly are affected. • What the candidate should have written was: • There will be extra traffic so journey times will be longer. The elderly will find it easy to access the supermarket because it is closer to their homes. Don’t use ‘Affect’ in your answer! All these answers are worth only 1 mark. • Explain how the building of this supermarket may affect the people of Whitby. [4] Candidate A • It will affect young people as it will give them jobs. (1 mark) Candidate B • The local businesses such as the local fishermen will be affected since they won’t be able to compete with the large stores. (1 mark) Candidate C • Local unemployed builders will be affected as they would need builders. (1 mark) Worksheet Change these sentences to double your marks! Don’t use ‘Affect’ in your answer! • Explain how the building of this supermarket may affect the people of Whitby. [4] Double your marks! HOW are they affected? Candidate A It will affect young people as it will give them jobs. (1 mark) Young people will get jobs SO more money. (2 marks) Candidate B The local businesses such as the local fish shops will be affected since they won’t be able to compete with the large stores. (1 mark) Local businesses such as fish shops will lose money BECAUSE they can’t compete with the large stores. (2 marks) Candidate C Local unemployed Local builders will get jobs and builders will be affected more money BECAUSE they need as they would need more builders. (2 marks) builders. (1 mark) Don’t use ‘Affect’ in your answer! • Explain why some people may be against building affordable housing at the proposed site near Ruswarp. [5] • Remember this is a levelled question! All these answers are worth only 1 mark. Change these sentences to double your marks! Candidate A • It would affect people’s health from dust created under construction. (L1 = simple explanation) Candidate B • Locals will be affected by traffic. (1) (L1 = simple explanation) Candidate C • There is a lot of woodland that would have to be cleared affecting the look of the area.(L1 = simple explanation) Don’t use ‘Affect’ in your answer! • Explain why some people may be against building affordable housing at the proposed site near Ruswarp. [5] Double your marks! Candidate A Candidate B It would affect people’s health from dust created under construction. (L1) Locals will be affected by traffic. (L1) How are they affected? Candidate C There is a lot of woodland that would have to be cleared affecting the look of the area. (L1) The dust from the building could damage people’s health (e.g. Make asthmas worse) (level 2 = simple explanation) There will be more traffic so locals might have more traffic jams and longer journeys (level 2 = simple explanation) There is a lot of woodland that would have to be cleared and it would ruin the natural look of the landscape. (level 2 = simple explanation) Explain how Electronics City provides a welcoming business environment for new IT industries. [4] It has full education facilities Max of 2 marks if no explanation •So..... It provides technical support •So.... It has all infrastructure provided on site •So.... It has over 120 IT companies •So.... Explain how Electronics City provides a welcoming business environment for new IT industries. [4] It has full education facilities • So workers will be trained/skilled to do the work. • So businesses will not It provides struggle/it will succed technical support Max of 2 marks if no explanation It has all • So saves money when opening/setting up infrastructure provided on site can share skills It has over 120 IT • So /machines/ideas/ research companies and development Other Explain Questions on 2011 paper where significant marks were lost: Unit 1 Question 1 Marks b.i) Explain why the company considers this a good location for a new supermarket. 3 – max 1 if no explanation b ii) Explain how the building of the supermarket may affect the people of Whitby 4 marks – max 2 if no explanation Unit 1 Question 2 c ii) Explain how flooding could affect the quality of life in Manila. 3 marks – max 1 if no explanation Unless the question specifically asks for more than one example, the candidate could gain full marks for one well developed answer. Case Studies – a 3 part success Name and Locate Describe To be successful at case studies you must do all 3! Explain i. Name and locate an area within a city where housing has been improved. ii. Describe how the local authority has improved the housing in this area. iii. Explain why the improvements were needed. Name and locate Describe improvements Explain why improvements needed • Does not need a lot of information –simple but VERY important. Don’t need to do it at the start – as long as mention somewhere in the text • No more than 2 marks if you don’t name a city or part of a city • No more than 6 marks if you don’t name an area within a city e.g. Rochina in Rio, Salford in Manchester • Describe what improvements were made to the housing OR the housing environment e.g. parks. • No marks for referring to jobs/shops/services – all about the housing. • Very good answers will be elaborated/explained e.g. They improved the housing by putting in double glazing so health would be better. • Very good answers will be elaborated • e.g. They built new houses in this area because they wanted to stop people leaving the area and wanted people to still be spending money in the local shops. • Can combine description and explanation How your case study is marked – the simple version Level and Mark Criteria Level 1 (1 or 2 marks) Basic description AND/OR explanation. Level 2 (3 or 4 marks) Must have named a real case study. Some description AND/OR explanation. Level 3 (5 or 6 marks) Must have included description AND explanation. Must have elaborated description and explanation. Level 4 (7 or 8 marks) Excellent example with some detail. Wholly accurate – no duff information! Well elaborated description and explanation. i. Name and locate an area within a city where housing has been improved. ii. Describe how the local authority has improved the housing in this area. iii. Explain why the improvements were needed. Basic Description – some knowledge shown Basic explanation 3 marks • Bute Town in Cardiff Bay • The local authority knocked down the old houses and built new modern high rise flats. High rise flats take up less space so you can build more to cope with the increasing population. They are also cheaper to build. They also developed services. They made a regular bus root built shops added leisure activities like the red dragon centre they builit up the surrounding area. These improvements were needed because the old houses were un-safe falling apart they did not have modern amenities like central heating etc. they were not of a good enough standard anymore there also wasn’t a good access to services. There wasn’t a regular bus root ore many activities to do in your leisure time the whole area needed modernising. To attract new business to the area and have to make people want to move there. i. Name and locate an area within an LEDC from which people have migrated. ii. Describe the effects on the area from which people have migrated. iii.Explain why they migrated. Name and locate Describe effects on area moved from Explain why people migrated • Does not need a lot of information –simple but VERY important. • No more than 2 marks if you don’t give a named example • No more than 4 marks if you don’t give an example of an LEDC • Describe what happened to the area where people moved FROM. • What happened to the people left behind/ housing and services/ jobs/ the environment? • Very good answers will be elaborated/explained/detailed. • Very good answers will be elaborated – e.g. people moved because they would have a greater choice of jobs and there would be more jobs so they could earn a higher income. • A balance of push factors and pull factors would be good i. Name and locate an area within an LEDC from which people have migrated. ii. Describe the effects on the area from which people have migrated. iii.Explain why they migrated. An area which people have migrated from is in the LEDC of South Africa. It is called Limpopo. It has a population of around 90,000 people - 90% of which live in the rural areas. Many people from Limpopo migrated to another province in South Africa, it’s neighbour Guateng. The migration has had many effects on the area and it’s people. Firstly, it has lost its most skilled, brightest and youngest workers which means elderly, women and children who struggle to grow food so there is malnutrition. Also, families have been left separated and in many cases children have been left to raise themselves. However, often the migrants are economic migrants looking for better jobs and opportunities in the cities. These people may send remittances home for their families or money to invest in rural community projects to develop their home area. Also the migrants may bring back new ideas, experiences and farming techniques. However, if they are circular migrants (return to Limpopo in the best farming season) they could bring back illnesses and sexually transmitted diseases that will spread round the community quickly. There are many reasons why people migrate from rural to urban areas. The rural areas lack sanitation, schooling opportunities or healthcare centres that many would want to experience and have the privilege of having in the urban area. These are called push factors. There are also pull factors to Guateng, for example, the higher wages, the faster paced lifestyle it offers. 8 marks Different Groups of people • This is one way we use to differentiate between foundation and higher tier students, and then within higher tier, between level 2 and level 3/4 candidates. • If candidates do not refer to any groups of people they cannot access any higher than level 1. • If candidates only refer to one group of people they cannot access higher than level 2. Candidates should avoid referring to ‘local people’ because this is very vague. If they refer to local tribespeople or to local people in a named village this is better. It is not worth the risk that an examiner will not credit this as a group of people. Examples of good groups include families, children, women, environmentalists, government, charities, people who have been made homeless, farmers, business owners etc. For a region or a country where water supply is unreliable: i. Name and locate the region or country ii. Describe its main sources of water supply iii. Explain how the unreliability of supply affects different groups of people. Name and locate Describe main sources of water supply Explain effect on groups • Does not need a lot of information –simple but VERY important. • No more than 2 marks if you don’t give a named example • No more than 2 marks if you name a continent • Could be natural e.g. Rivers, lakes, rainfall or built water supply e.g. Reservoir, pipes which are unreliable • Where do people in the area get their water from? • How often is it unreliable? • • • • • Max Level 1 (2 marks) if no groups given Max Level 2 (4 marks) if only one group How were farmers affected? How were children affected? How was the government affected? For a region or a country where water supply is unreliable: i. Name and locate the region or country ii. Describe its main sources of water supply iii. Explain how the unreliability of supply affects different groups of people. Maximum level 1 because they named a continent Africa’s water supply is poor there isn’t much and what they do have is dirty and carries a lot of disease. They have to get there water from rivers or wells that charities have put in place but these wells are few and far between over the years the water supply has increased but is still a major issue. The unreliability of the water effects everyone especially the poorest parts of Africa many drink dirty unsterilised water which makes them ill gives them diahorea and chloera it kills them. There water supply is dangerously un reliable and they need help. 2 marks For a coastal area that has been managed sustainably: i. Name and locate the coastal area ii. Describe the natural features of the area. iii. Explain how the area is being managed sustainably Name and locate • Does not need a lot of information –simple but VERY important. • Because many coastlines have both headlands and bays it is important not to confuse hard and soft rock features. Describe natural features • • • • Explain how area is being managed sustainably Describe rock type – even hard/soft would be better than ‘there are cliffs’ Is the beach sandy or rocky? Name any landform features e.g. Flamborough Head or Spurn Point spit Excellent answers would include height of cliffs and vegetation type • Could be environmental management e.g. Bins/footpaths, fencing to reduce impact of tourism. Or planting of marram grass to reduce sand dune erosion. • Could be economic management e.g. Building of sea wall to protect tourism business or housing, building of groynes to build up beach and reduce erosion. For a coastal area that has been managed sustainably: i. Name and describe the coastal area ii. Describe the natural features of the area. iii. Explain how the area is being managed sustainably Level 1 – VERY basic description with some explanation Dawlish Warren’s coastline is located in devon south west england, 20km away from exeter the main natural features would be the sand dunes and the sea this area is been managed sustainably by having groynes on the beach going into the sea to preven long shore drift, also they dont let dog walkers past a certain groyne so some of the beech is untouched, they also made part of Dawlsh warren Coastline in to a amusment area they did this because by destroying one are you protect others from being trampled and ruined, 2 marks For an area or country that has received aid: i. Name and locate the area or country ii. Describe the aid given iii. Explain how the aid affected the lives of different groups of people Name and locate • Does not need a lot of information –simple but VERY important. • Max level 1 if refer to continent • • • Describe aid • given • Could be short-term/emergency aid Could be long-term/development aid Say where the aid came from Give examples of the type of aid Very good answers to refer to both and then reflect on the impact • • Explain effect • • on groups • No groups = max level 1 Only refer to one group = max level 2 How were farmers affected? How were children affected? How was the government affected? For an area or country that has received aid: i. Name and locate the area or country ii. Describe the aid given iii. Explain how the aid affected the lives of different groups of people Level 2 Description and examples of aid and sources of aid 4 marks – only 1 group so max level 2 Hatai – North of the Carribean Hatai received emergency aid (short term aid) which was given to them because they had suffered from an earthquake which reached a massive 7.0 on the Ritcher scale. As a result food and water were given to the 1.8 million who were homeless to try and improve there standard of living. Non goverment organastions such as oxfam and unicef offered (freely) to re-build people’s homes and offer people help in their time of natural diaster. Multilateral Aid was given to Hatai from countries from the EU to try and improve the standard of living in Hatai. The aid ment that people’s life were not totally destroyed which boosted there morale despite the fact that 360,000 died (and many may have been close friends and families). The younger people in the country were put into camps to try and improve there health conditions. 4 marks For an economic activity that has damaged the environment: i. Name and locate the economic activity ii. Describe the effects of the activity on the environment iii. Explain how this activity leads to conflict between different groups of people. • Does not need a lot of information –simple but VERY important. Name and locate Describe effects on environment Explain effect on groups • Describe effects on the environment • Best answers will include specific examples of damage e.g. Named species or type of pollutant • No groups = max level 1 • Only refer to one group = max level 2 • What was the conflict? Who disagreed with whom and WHY? Level 2 description of damage to environment but not elaborated and no specific detail. Conflict between different groups is not elaborated. For an economic activity that has damaged the environment: i. Name and locate the economic activity ii. Describe the effects of the activity on the environment iii. Explain how this activity leads to conflict between different groups of people. Glensanda Superquarry is located in South west Scotland. The superquarry is only accesible via boat and has accommodation for workers on site. The superquarry extracts 6000 tonnes of stone an hour and so as to not damage the environment further the ‘glory hole’ method is used where a tunnel is dug which connects the quarry to the distribution plant, so overland transport is not used. However, Glensanda Superquarry itself is already damaging the environments in its location dramatically. The quarry itself has destroyed habitats in ‘pristine’ environments and forced many animals out of the area altogether through noise and pollution (e.g. Dust/rubble). Not only has the quarrying forced animals out of their habitats but also introduced new organisms into the area which are severly damaging the indigenous species their. This activity has aroused many environmentalists to protest against such a huge amount of industry in one place, but without it the UK would not be in the world rock market and the Channel Tunnel would not have been built. Also the quarry has stopped or reduced smaller, unnecessary quarrying elsewhere. Therefore, overall, Glensanda has damaged the environment it is on yet saved many other environments from similar destruction. Yet it is necessary due to the money Britain receives from quarrying the stone and other global construction projects. 4 marks Using sketch maps • Sketch maps can be incredibly helpful because they are a quick and easy way to show information. • A candidate can gain 8 marks from a well annotated sketch map. • They do not need to be used to simply locate a case study e.g. I have studied the Amazon in Brazil – here is a sketch map of Brazil showing the location of the Amazon. • But if that candidate is able to annotate the map to show where the economic activity is taking place and what the impact on the environment is, then this would gain them marks. Using sketch maps • A good example of where a sketch map might be a good idea is for the following question: • • i. Name and locate a city where you have studied service provision. ii. Describe the distribution of services in that city. You may want to draw a sketch map. iii. Explain how access to this service provision affects different groups of people. • • • • • • I have studied the distribution of large parks in Sheffield. The Parks in Sheffield are spread evenly across the city. There are about 5 large parks including Hillsborough which is in the north-east of Sheffield about 2 miles from the CBD, Graves Park which is in the South East of the City about 3 miles from the CBD, Endcliffe Park which is in the South West of the City about 2 miles from the CBD and Millhouses Park which is in the South of the City about 3 miles from the CBD. There is also Norfolk Park in the East of the City about half a mile from the CBD. (As you can see it might be easier to draw a map than list all this information!) Answering Levelled Questions • The penultimate levelled question is the one before the case study. • The case study is also levelled not tick marked. • On Foundation Tier it is worth 4 marks. • On Higher Tier it is worth 5 marks. Level 1 (1 mark) Simple description 2 (2 or 3 marks) Simple Explanation • Level There are 3 levels on higher tier: Level 3 (4 or 5 marks) Detailed Explanation with information specific to question Levelled Questions • The following answers are to give you information on how we marked the exam papers in the summer of 2011. Level 1 (1 mark) Simple description Level 2 (2 or 3 marks) Simple Explanation Level 3 (4 or 5 marks) Detailed Explanation with information specific to question • In our marking of the paper we have realised that in the goal of trying to differentiate our questions we have sometimes created hurdles for students that was not the intention. • Therefore, we have learnt from this experience and will provide some examples of how we might word and mark these question in future. Explain why some people may be against building affordable housing at the proposed site near Ruswarp. [5] • We wanted: – Well explained points – Some reference to Ruswarp to get to level 3 – Some reference specifically to being against affordable housing to get 5 marks. – Despite the question including ‘some people’ it was not necessary to include different viewpoints. We have to have an agreed mark scheme at the meeting of team leaders to ensure a consistent approach to marking papers. Answering Levelled Questions Level 1 (1 mark) Simple description Level 2 (2 or 3 marks) Simple Explanation Level 3 (4 or 5 marks) Detailed Explanation with information specific to question Explain why some people may be against building affordable housing at the proposed site near Ruswarp. [5] Candidate A: People may be against this because it brings in more tourists buying second homes which are destructive to the community. There would be more traffic and overcrowding. And also added pollution to the area as they are building on a greenfield site. Examiner Comments: 1 mark •Affordable homes are not eligible as second homes. • Pollution not qualified (should say air/noise) or explained. •Simple description Answering Levelled Questions Level 1 (1 mark) Simple description Level 2 (2 or 3 marks) Simple Explanation Level 3 (4 or 5 marks) Detailed Explanation with information specific to question Even if the candidate had said ‘woodland’ instead of habitats it would have been able to get into level 3. Explain why some people may be against building affordable housing at the proposed site near Ruswarp. [5] Candidate B: There will be more traffic so more air pollution and more accidents. Local services like doctors will be under more pressure because there will be more people using them so longer waiting times for patients. Habitats will be destroyed to build the houses so animals will die or move away. Examiner Comments: •Well explained answers. •No specific reference to Ruswarp. •No reference to affordable homes. •Max level 2 3 marks Answering Levelled Questions Explain why some people might be against building affordable housing at the proposed site near Ruswarp 1 Not only is this a detailed explanation But it also refers to AFFORDABLE housing – a specific part of the question. 2 3 • The affordable homes will be cheaply built .... • ...so they might not fit in with the local housing... • ...and local people will be annoyed because their house value will reduce. 3 part answer makes you a star Answering Levelled Questions Description Level 1 (1 mark) Simple description Level 2 (2 or 3 marks) Simple Explanation Level 3 (4 or 5 marks) Detailed Explanation with information specific to question 1 Explanation 2 Even Better If (detail) It will destroy the natural landscape e.g. The woodland near the Post Office (specific) It will destroy the habitats and food supply Animals will be displaced and might die There is a hotel (specific) Might lose business during building Because of the noise/dust created during construction. 3 Teaching future candidates.... • On reflection we felt that we had created too many hurdles in this question. • A similar question which differentiates effectively without the hurdles and the same mark scheme would be: • Explain how building new housing in Ruswarp might affect the area. [5] – Elaborated answers – Must use os map to refer to Ruswarp (specific detail) Answering Levelled Questions River Flooding is a major problem throughout the world. Describe and explain methods that could be used to prevent river flooding. Refer to rivers you have studied. Level 1 (1 mark) Simple description Level 2 (2 or 3 marks) Simple Explanation Level 3 (4 or 5 marks) Detailed Explanation with information specific to question Candidate A: Use dams to control the flow of the water. Build levees to increase the amount of water held in the river like on the Mississippi River. Plant trees to increase interception. 3 marks Examiner Comments: •3 explained ideas with an example of a River but only simple explanation. •Max Level 2. Answering Levelled Questions River Flooding is a major problem throughout the world. Describe and explain methods that could be used to prevent river flooding. Refer to rivers you have studied. Level 1 (1 mark) Simple description Level 2 (2 or 3 marks) Simple Explanation Level 3 (4 or 5 marks) Detailed Explanation with information specific to question Candidate B: You could build a dam like the Aswan Dam on the River Nile which was built to control the flow of water during peak rainfall times which reduced flooding. You could also build a reservoir to store the water behind the dam which would hold the water back from flooding. 3 marks Examiner Comments: •A detailed explanation with an example but it is only one method – dam and reservoir are the same idea. •Max level 2. Answering Levelled Questions Level 1 (1 mark) Simple description Level 2 (2 or 3 marks) Simple Explanation Level 3 (4 or 5 marks) Detailed Explanation with information specific to question River Flooding is a major problem throughout the world. Describe and explain methods that could be used to prevent river flooding. Refer to rivers you have studied. Description 1 Explanation 2 Even Better If 3 Specific Example Build a dam To control the water flow In times of heavy rainfall Aswan Dam Build levees By increasing the height of the river banks e.g. With concrete or soil To increase the channel capacity On the Mississippi River Teaching future candidates.... • On reflection we felt that we had created too many hurdles in this question. • A similar question which differentiates effectively without the hurdles and the same mark scheme would be: • Explain how people can prevent river flooding. [5] – Elaborated answers – Must refer to specific examples of river flood management e.g. Levees, but do not need to locate. Answering Levelled Questions Electronics City is planned to grow considerably over the next twenty years. Explain how this is likely to affect the quality of life of people living in the Bengalaru area. Level 1 (1 mark) Simple description Level 2 (2 or 3 marks) Simple Explanation Level 3 (4 or 5 marks) Detailed Explanation with information specific to question Candidate A: There will be more jobs so higher incomes and better standard of living. More people might move in and have to live in Shanty Towns and so it will be overcrowded and there might be more crime. 4 marks Examiner Comments: •A detailed explanation but no specific reference to quality of life so max 4 marks. •Just saying ‘it will improve quality of life or standard of living will be better’ is not enough Answering Levelled Questions Electronics City is planned to grow considerably over the next twenty years. Explain how this is likely to affect the quality of life of people living in the Bengalaru area. Level 1 (1 mark) Simple description Level 2 (2 or 3 marks) Simple Explanation Level 3 (4 or 5 marks) Detailed Explanation with information specific to question L1 Candidate B: It will create more jobs so there L2 will be a positive multiplier effect. The council L1 will have more money to spend on services. More children will L1 get educated. There will be L1 better housing and quality of life will improve. L1 There will be less disease. 2 marks Examiner Comments: There is some attempt at explanation but it isn’t clear. If the candidate had said ‘more jobs means higher incomes so more taxes for the council to spend on services like schools so more children will get educated’ this question would have been reaching level 3. The examiner should not be putting the ideas together for the candidate. The idea about positive multiplier effect is not explained or exemplified. Quality of life is not specific enough. Answering Levelled Questions Electronics City is planned to grow considerably over the next twenty years. Explain how this is likely to affect the quality of life of people living in the Bengalaru area. Level 1 (1 mark) Simple description Level 2 (2 or 3 marks) Simple Explanation Level 3 (4 or 5 marks) Detailed Explanation with information specific to question Description Explanation 1 Even Better If 2 3 There will be more So people will have jobs higher incomes Which they can afford to spend on food to improve their health More people will move to Bengaluru to find work So the area becomes overcrowded and disease spreads easily and more people are ill So people have to live in Shanty Towns What is the difference between Quality of Life and Standard of Living with regard to the mark scheme? • Quality of Life and Standard of Living are not the same. However, there are strong links between the two. • We want to credit candidates for good Geography and good understanding so candidates should aim where possible to refer to quality of life i.e. the impact on a person’s life • E.g. Q: How can flooding affect the quality of life of different people? • A: Farmer’s crops die and they lose income. • Strictly speaking, income is standard of living so an examiner might not credit this answer. • A better answer would be ‘farmer’s crops die and they lose income which is stressful’. Examples of the style of levelled questions we may use in future • Explain how people are attempting to reduce the effects of coastal erosion. [5] (specific detail would be the examples of coastal management schemes – don’t need to be located) • Explain why tourism might not be considered a good way of improving development in Kenya. [5] (Imagining that the previous questions had focused on Kenya - specific detail would be information provided in the exam question e.g. resources, maps etc.) • Explain how flooding may affect different groups of people. [5] • (specific detail would be the groups of people – must be more than 1!)