School of the World…
We are Different but we Create Together!!!
Tsiller & Ros 1, Athens, http://4epal-athin.att.sch.gr
Biodiesel 2nd Generation:
«The waste vegetable oil that turned
into Gold»
DO NOT WASTE IT… HEAT IT!!!
Authors: Environmental Group «B2G», Paschou Konstantina & Dasiou Paraskevi
Graphics: Stephanos Bourboulis, Andrei Gkavrilovitsi, Kelemeni Alexandros
Cooperator: Emmanouil Pantelia,
Angelopoulos Fellowship Clinton Global Initiative University
1
4epal-athin.att.sch.gr
2nd
«Sustainability Award»
position in 2012-13, 4th position in 2011-12
Our vision for the sustainable School:
A school that continually learns
from the Social, Cultural, Natural, Technological
and Economic environment.
The new Knowledge,
grants with ADDED VALUE not only its members
but also every dimension of its environment.
Sciences in schools help change the macro environment:
«The waste vegetable oil that turned into Gold»
Political-Legal
environment
Economic environment
Sociocultural
environment
Sciences
Technological
environment
Natural environment
Do you enjoy eating
fried food?
Do you love your health?
If fried oil is cooked for more than 30min
Do not use it again.
But…..
If
you dump used cooking oil down
the drain…
…it can cause build-ups
and blockages in
municipal sewer pipes
And……..one day….
1L of waste vegetable oil pollutes 1.000.000 liters of water,
which is equal to the quantity of water a human being
uses in 14 years!
… when waste vegetable oil is dumped into the sea
then one day you may see the sea like this.
It’s up to you
To collect waste vegetable
oil in any container
(plastic, glass, metal…)
And bring it to the
4th Vocational
Lyceum of Athens or
we can collect it
from your school 
Therefore…
We can convert it
to
Biodiesel and Soap!
Biodiesel uses
Biodiesel can be used alone or blended with
petroleum:
1) In the combustor of the internal heating
2) In vehicles using Diesel engines.
Πηγή: http://www.techzone.gr/index.php?id=48
Titration is the key!
How can we neutralize FFA or Free Fatty Acid of
waste vegetable oil?
«Acid and Base  Water and Salt»
We measure the volume of the NaOH solution
(1g NaOH in 1L of water) to neutralize the FFF’s
of waste vegetable oil.
The result of Titration means
Every 1 mL of NaOH solution used
Refers to
1 MORE g/L NaOH (catalyst) that must be added
to 5g/L (base for oils)
for the production of Biodiesel in order to
neutralize the Free Fatty Acids ( FFAs )
of waste vegetable oil.
Supplies needed for titration
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1 graduated cylinder 1L
1L distilled water
Scale(s)
1g NaOH
1 funnel
1 volumetric flask of 1,5L
1 beaker of 20-50mL
1 Bunsen burner and wire gauge
1 lighter
1mL waste vegetable oil
1 graduated syringe of 3-5mL
1 graduated cylinder of 20 or 50 mL
10mL isopropyl alcohol
1 beaker of 100mL
Phenolphthalein
You should never forget
Safety Measures!
Titration Process (2/3)
2) Measure 10 mL Isopropyl alcohol and pour
it in a 100 mL flask.
3) Heat 10 mL of waste vegetable oil up to
55°C.
4) Use your 3mL syringe and put 1mL of waste
vegetable oil into the flask with isopropyl
alcohol. Swirl the mixture until it gets a yellow
colour.
5) Add 3-4 drops of phenolophthalein.
Titration Process (1/3)
Preparing the reference solution
Dissolve 1g NaOH in 1L of distilled water.
As solid ΝaOΗ does not dissolve easily in water,
we put 50-100 mL of water in a glass bottle.
Add 1g NaOH and stir well.
Pour this solution into the rest distilled water and
swirl it so as to get a homogeneous solution.
This is the reference solution
Titration Process (3/3)
6) Fill the 10ml syringe with your reference solution.
Swirl the liquid in the flask around slowly and the
reference solution until the isopropyl alcohol turns
pink but it will revert to yellow again as you swirl it.
Continue adding drop by drop from the reference
solution until it turns pink and stays pink for 30s.
Record the quantity of reference solution used.
Repeat the same process at least 3 times.
Calculate the average value of the three trials.
Titration Results
In case after titration you get:
1) up to 3mL of reference solution,
then waste vegetable oil is suitable for biodiesel production
2) 3 - 6mL of reference solution ,
then waste vegetable oil is relatively suitable for biodiesel
production
3) up to 6mL of reference solution ,
then waste vegetable oil is suitable almost suitable and cannot
be used for biodiesel production.
4) Up to 10mL of reference solution, waste vegetable oil is
totally unsuitable for biodiesel production using NaOH as
catalyst.
Biodiesel 2G (1/3)
Producing Sodium Methoxide
Take all safety measures.
 Calculate methanol with the volumetric
flask and pour it into a glass vessel
 Μeasure NaOH. Be careful not to get in
touch with any plastic object or living
organism. Use a watch glass or a glass
vessel on the scales to weigh.
NaΟH tends to adhere everywhere!!!
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Biodiesel 2G (1/3)
Producing Sodium Methoxide
Open the sealed flask of methanol and
carefully pour NaOH.
Seal the flask again.
 Gently swirl the flask so as NaOH can be
dissolved in methanol. This can last for
some minutes. The flask will be slightly
heated and a little pressure will occur in
the flask. Carefully open the stopcock.
Be sure not to breathe the fumes.
 Put the flask outside but not in the sun.
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Biodiesel production process(3/3)
Start by heating 1 L of waste vegetable oil
at 55 oC.
 Use a funnel and pour the heated oil in the
large glass vessel with the stopcock.
 Quickly but carefully pour sodium methoxide
in the oil using the same funnel.
Seal the vessel again.
 Be sure the flask is well sealed and swirl it
vigorously for about ten minutes.
 Place the vessel in a well lit area and watch
the magic of transesterification process!!!
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Glycerin procedure for the production of
soap
For every 1L of glycerin as a by-product of
biodiesel production 40g of ΝΑΟΗ are needed
to convert glycerin into soap.
Optionally: You can add fragrances and dyes to make
household use more appealing.
Γραφικά: από το μαθητή
μας Παππά Παναγιώτη
Γ’ ΕΠΑ.Λ.
Ειδικότητα Γραφιστικής
2012-2013
Producing 1Litre of solid soap of the byproducts of biodiesel production (1/2)
1) Heat the glycerin to 78-80°C to remove any
excess methanol.
If methanol is not removed the soap produced
will be dangerous for the skin.
2) Filter the glycerin to remove any unwanted
impurities. You may have to use a good
strainer.
3) Measure 1L of heated glycerin and keep it
warm.
Producing 1Litre of solid soap of the byproducts of biodiesel production (2/2)
4) Take 100mL of water (and optionally any
fragrance) and add 40g NaOH.
5) Put the water + NaOH in a stainless or aluminum
pot and pour in the heated glycerin. Stir the mixture
and make sure that mixing and the reaction have
been completed.
6) Pour the mixture into recyclable containers and let
the soap cool and solidify.
7) 24 hours later remove the soap and allow to set in
a cool area for approximately 2 weeks before using.
School of the World…
We are Different but we Create Together!!!
Tsiller & Ros 1, Athens, http://4epal-athin.att.sch.gr
because we can produce VALUE from seemingly useless
things and reduce the human footprint on the planet
EARTH
Together we can change the world ...
Όλοι μαζί μπορούμε να αλλάξουμε τον κόσμο…
Toti impreuna putem sa schimbam lumea...
Wsztscy razem mozemy zmienic swiat…
School of the World…
We are Different but we Create Together!!!
Tsiller & Ros 1, Athens, http://4epal-athin.att.sch.gr
Biodiesel 2nd Generation:
«The waste vegetable oil that
turned into Gold»
DO NOT WASTE IT… HEAT IT!!!
Authors: Environmental Group «B2G», Paschou Konstantina & Dasiou Paraskevi
Graphics: Stephanos Bourboulis, Andrei Gkavrilovitsi, Kelemeni Alexandros
Cooperator: Emmanouil Pantelia,
Angelopoulos Fellowship Clinton Global Initiative University
27