Energy in Denmark
2012
1
Observed energy consumption and
adjusted gross energy
consumption
PJ
1000
900
800
700
600
1990
'95
'00
Observed energy consumption
Adjusted gross energy consumption
2
'05
'10
'12
Degree of self-sufficiency
250%
200%
150%
100%
50%
0%
1990
'95
Total
3
'00
Oil
'05
'10
'12
Primary energy production
PJ
1400
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
1990
'95
Crude oil
4
'00
Natural gas
'05
'10
Renewable energy etc.
'12
Oil and gas reserves
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1990
'00
'04
'05
Oil, million m3
5
'06
'07
'08
'09
Gas, billion Nm3
'10
'11
Natural gas consumption and flaring
on platforms in the North Sea
PJ
40
30
20
10
0
1990
'95
Energy consumption
6
'00
Flaring
'05
'10
'12
Production of renewable energy by
energy product
PJ
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1990
'95
Wind
7
Straw
'00
Wood
Biogas
'05
Waste, renewable
'10
Others
'12
Consumption of waste
PJ
50
40
30
20
10
0
1990
'95
Waste, renewable
8
'00
Waste, non-renewable
'05
'10
'12
Consumption of renewable energy
PJ
200
150
100
50
0
1990
'95
'00
Share covered by indigenous production
9
'05
'10
Share covered by net imports
'12
Renewable energy – consumption
by energy product
PJ
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1990
'95
Wind
10
'00
Biomass
'05
Biogas
'10
Other
'12
Use of renewable energy in 2012
PJ
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Electricity and district heating
Wind
11
Straw
Wood
Biogas
Final energy consumption
Waste
Other renewables
Renewable energy- share of total
energy consumption
%
25
20
15
10
5
0
1990
'95
'00
Share of observed energy consumption
Share of adjusted energy consumption
12
'05
'10
'12
Share of renewable energy according
to the EU method of calculation
%
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1990
'95
'00
'05
'10
Share of renewable energy according to the EU method of calculation
13
'12
Wind power capacity and wind power’s
share of domestic electricity supply
MW
4500
35%
4000
30%
3500
25%
3000
2500
20%
2000
15%
1500
10%
1000
5%
500
0
0%
1990
'95
'00
'05
Wind power of f shore capacit y, M W
Wind power onshore capacit y, M W
Wind power's share of domest ic elect ricit y
'10
'12
Wind power onshore by municipality
15
Wind power capacity by turbine size
MW
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1990
- 499 kW
16
2000
500 - 999 kW
2010
1000 - 1999 kW
2012
2000 - kW
Wind power production
by turbine size
TJ
40000
30000
20000
10000
0
1990
- 499 kW
17
2000
500 - 999 kW
2010
1000 - 1999 kW
2012
2000 - kW
PJ
200
Electricity production by type of
producer
150
100
50
0
1990
'95
'05
Wind & hydro
Autoproducers
Small-scale CHP units
Large-scale CHP units
Large-scale units, power only
18
'00
'10
'12
Electricity production by fuel
PJ
200
150
100
50
0
1994
'00
Coal
19
Oil
'05
Natural gas
'10
Windpower
Other
'12
Other fuels than coal for electricity
production
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
1990
Oil
20
'95
Natural gas
'00
'05
Renewable energy and waste
'10
'12
PJ
60
Net exports of electricity by
country
40
20
0
-20
-40
1990
'95
Total
21
'00
Germany
'05
Norway
'10
Sweden
'12
Electricity capacity
MW
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1990
Large-scale units
22
'95
Small-scale units
'00
'05
Autoproducers
'10
Wind turbines
'12
CHP share of thermal power and
district heating production
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1990
'95
District heating
23
'05
'00
Electricity
'10
'12
Heat supply by type of fuel,
2012
TJ
80
60
40
20
0
District heating
CHP units
Coal
24
Natural gas
Waste
Biomass
Others
District heating production by type
of production plant
PJ
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1990
25
'95
'00
Large-scale CHP units
Small-scale CHP units
Autoproducers, CHP
Autoproducers, heat only
'05
District heating units
'10
'12
Fuel consumption for district heating
production, percentage distribution
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1990
26
'95
'00
'05
Electricity for heat pumps, electric boilers
Renewable energy
Waste, non-renewable
Coal
Natural Gas
Oil
'10
'12
Observed energy consumption and
adjusted gross energy consumption
PJ
1000
900
800
700
600
1990
'95
Observed energy consumption
27
'00
'05
'10
Adjusted gross energy consumption
'12
Gross energy consumption by fuel
Adjusted
PJ
900
600
300
0
1990
Oil
28
'95
Natural gas
'00
Coal and coke
'05
Renewable energy etc.
'10
'12
Gross energy consumption by energy
product after transformation
PJ
900
Adjusted
600
300
0
1990
Oil
'95
Renewable energy etc.
29
Gas works gas
'00
Natural gas
Electricity
'05
'10
Coal and coke
District heating
'12
Gross energy consumption by use
Adjusted
PJ
900
600
300
0
1990
'95
Energy sector
Transport
Commercial and public services
30
'00
'05
Non-energy use
Agriculture and industry
Households
'10
'12
Final energy consumption by use
Climate adjusted
PJ
250
200
150
100
50
0
Non-energy
use
1980
31
Transport
1990
2000
Agriculture and
industry
2012
Commercial
and public
services
Households
Final energy consumption by
energy product
Adjusted
PJ
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
1990
32
Oil
Coal and coke
Electricity
Gas works gas
'95
'00
'05
Natural gas
Renewable energy and waste
District heating
'10
'12
Gross energy consumption and final
energy consumption per DKK million
GDP
Adjusted
TJ per DKK million GDP (2005 prices, chained values)
1,2
0,8
0,4
0,0
1990
'95
Gross energy consumption
33
'00
'05
Final energy consumption
'10
'12
Final electricity consumption by use
Climate adjusted
PJ
40
35
30
25
20
1990
'95
Manufacturing
34
'00
'05
Commercial and public services
'10
Households
'12
Electricity consumption’s share of total
energy consumption
Climate adjusted
%
50
40
30
20
10
0
1990
35
'95
'00
Total
Commercial and public services
Others
'05
Manufacturing
Households
'10
'12
Energy consumption for transport
by type
PJ
250
200
150
100
50
0
1990
Road
'95
Domestic aviation
36
Rail
'00
International aviation
'05
'10
'12
Domestic sea transport
Military transport
Energy consumption for transport
by fuel type
PJ
250
200
150
100
50
0
1990
'95
Gasoline, incl. bioethanol
Aviation fuels
37
'00
'05
Diesel, incl. biodiesel
Other fuels
'10
'12
Energy consumption for road
transport
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1990
'95
'00
'05
'10
Road transport, share of energy consumption in transport
Diesel oil, incl. biodiesel share of energy consumption in road transport
38
'12
Final energy consumption by
passengers and freight transport
PJ
250
200
150
100
50
0
1990
'95
Transport of passengers
39
'00
'05
Transport of goods
'10
'12
Military transport
Energy consumption for passengers
transport by means of transport
PJ
150
100
50
0
1990
'95
'00
Passenger cars and vans under 2 tonnes
40
'05
Busses
'10
Two-wheeled (mc and moped)
Train,S-train and metro
Domestic aviation
International aviation
Domestic sea transport
'12
Energy consumption for freight
transport by means of transport
PJ
80
60
40
20
0
1990
Trucks
41
'95
Vans, 2-6 tonnes
'00
'05
Domestic sea transport
'10
Train
'12
Aviation
Energy and electricity consumption
in agriculture and industry
Climate adjusted
PJ
200
150
100
50
0
1990
'95
'00
Total energy consumption
42
'05
'10
Electricity consumption
'12
Energy consumption in agriculture
and industry by energy product
Climate adjusted
PJ
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1990
43
'00
'95
'05
Oil
Natural gas
Coal and coke
Renewable energy etc.
Electricity
District heating
'10
'12
Energy consumption by individual
industry in the agriculture and
industry sector
Climate adjusted
PJ
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1990
'95
Agriculture, forestry and horticulture
44
'00
Fishing
'05
Manufacturing
'10
'12
Construction
Electricity consumption’s share of total
energy consumption
Climate adjusted
40%
35%
30%
25%
20%
15%
10%
5%
0%
1990
'95
'00
'05
Agriculture and industry, total
Agriculture, forestry and horticulture
Manufacturing
45
'10
'12
Energy and electricity consumption
in manufacturing industry
Climate adjusted
PJ
125
100
75
50
25
0
1990
'95
Total energy consumption
46
'00
'05
Electricity consumption
'10
'12
Composition of energy consumption in
manufacturing industries
Climate adjusted
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1980
47
1990
2000
2010
2012
Oil
Natural gas
Coal and coke
Renewable energy etc.
Electricity
District heating
Energy intensities in agriculture
and industry
Climate adjusted
TJ per million DKK GVA (2005 prices, chained values)
1,4
3,5
1,2
3,0
1,0
2,5
0,8
2,0
0,6
1,5
0,4
1,0
0,2
0,5
0,0
1990
48
'95
'00
'05
Agriculture and industry, total
Manufacturing
Building and construction
Agriculture and horticulture (right axis)
'10
0,0
'12
Electricity intensities in agriculture
and industry
Climate adjusted
TJ per million DKK GVA (2005 prices, chained values)
0,6
0,5
0,4
0,3
0,2
0,1
0
1990
49
'95
'00
'05
'10
Agriculture and industry, total
Agriculture and horticulture
Manufacturing
Building and construction
'12
Energy consumption per employee
in manufacturing industry
Climate adjusted
GJ per employees
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
1990
'95
Total
50
'00
Electricity
'05
'10
'12
Energy and electricity consumption in
the commercial and public services
Climate adjusted
PJ
100
80
60
40
20
0
1990
'95
Total energy consumption
51
'00
'05
Electricity consumption
'10
'12
Energy consumption by energy
product
PJ
Climate adjusted
100
80
60
40
20
0
1990
52
'95
'00
'05
'10
'12
Oil
Natural gas
Coal, coke, gas works gas
Renewable energy etc.
Electricity
District heating
Composition of energy consumption
in commercial and public services
Climate adjusted
100%
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1980
53
1990
2000
2010
Oil
Natural gas
Coal, coke, gas works gas
Renewable energy etc.
Electricity
District heating
2012
Energy consumption by sector
Climate adjusted
PJ
40
30
20
10
0
1990
'95
Wholesale
54
'00
Retail trade
'05
Private service
'10
Public service
'12
Energy consumption for heating in the
commercial and public services
Climate adjusted
PJ
50
40
30
20
10
0
1990
'95
Net energy consumption
55
'00
'05
Local losses
'10
'12
Electricity consumption by sector
Climate adjusted
PJ
18
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1990
Wholesale
56
'95
'00
Retail trade
'05
Private service
'10
Public service
'12
Energy intensities in the commercial
and public services
Climate adjusted
TJ per DKK million GVA (2005 prices, chained values)
0,30
0,25
0,20
0,15
0,10
0,05
0,00
1990
57
'95
'00
Total sector
Wholesale
Private service
Public service
'05
'10
Retail trade
'12
Electricity intensities in commercial
and public services
Climate adjusted
TJ per DKK million GVA (2005 prices, chained values)
0,18
0,16
0,14
0,12
0,10
0,08
0,06
0,04
0,02
0,00
1990
58
'95
'00
Total sector
Wholesale
Private service
Public service
'05
'10
Retail trade
'12
Energy consumption per employee
the in commercial and public services
Climate adjusted
GJ per employee
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1990
'95
Total energy
59
'00
'05
Electricity
'10
'12
Energy consumption in households
PJ
250
200
150
100
1990
'95
Observed
60
'00
Climate adjusted
'05
'10
'12
Household consumption
by energy types
PJ
250
Climate adjusted
200
150
100
50
0
61
1990
'95
Oil
Renewable energy
Gas works gas
'00
Natural gas
Electricity
'05
'10
Coal and coke
District heating
'12
Energy consumption per household
Climate adjusted
GJ
100
80
60
40
20
0
1990
'95
Space heating
62
'00
'05
Electrical appliances etc.
'10
'12
Heating installations in dwellings
1000 Units
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1981
Oil boilers
63
1990
2000
Natural gas boilers
2010
District heating
2012
Other
Energy consumption for heating in
households
Climate adjusted
Index 1990=100
125
120
115
110
105
100
95
90
85
80
75
1990
'95
'00
Heated floor space
Final energy consumption per m2
64
'05
'10
Final energy consumption
'12
Net energy consumption and
heat loss for heating in households
PJ
Climate adjusted
200
150
100
50
0
1990
'95
Net energy consumption
65
'00
'05
Local losses
'10
'12
Private consumption and electricity
consumption in households
Index 1990=100
180
160
140
120
100
80
1990
'95
'00
'05
Electricity consumption, climate adjusted
Electricity consumption, appliances etc.
Private consumption, 2005 prices, chained values
66
'10
'12
Household stock of electrical
appliances
1000 Units
6.000
5.000
4.000
3.000
2.000
1.000
0
1990
'00
'05
'10
TV Sets
Refrigerators
Freezers
Dishwashers
Microwave ovens
Washing machines
Dryers
67
'95
'12
Specific electricity consumption
of household appliances
kWh/year
800
600
400
200
0
1990
68
'95
'00
'05
'10
TV Sets
Refrigerators
Freezers
Dishwashers
Washing machines
Dryers
'12
CO2 emissions from energy
consumption
Million tonnes CO2
80
70
60
50
40
1990
'95
Observed
69
'00
'05
Adjusted
'10
'12
CO2 emissions by fuel
Adjusted
Million tonnes CO2
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1990
Oil
70
1995
Natural gas
2000
Coal
2010
2012
Wastes, non renewable
CO2 emissions per fuel unit and
kWh electricity
Adjusted
Kilogram per GJ
100
Gram per kWh
1000
90
900
80
800
70
700
60
600
50
500
40
1990
71
'95
'00
'05
CO2-emissions per fuel unit
CO2-emissions per kWh electricity (right axis)
'10
400
'12
Observed CO2 emissions by sector
Million tonnes CO2
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1990
Energy sector
72
1995
2000
Transformation sector
2010
2012
Final energy consumption
CO2 emissions in end-use of energy
Million tonnes CO2
70
Climate adjusted
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1990
'95
Energy sector
Agriculture and industry
73
Households
'00
'05
Transport
'10
Commercial and public services
'12
Emissions of greenhouse gases
Million tonnes CO2 equivalents
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
1990
74
'00
'95
Observed emissions
Observed emissions (re-calculation)
'05
Adjusted emissions
'11
Observed net-emissions of
greenhouse gases by origin
Million tonnes CO2 equivalents
90
70
50
30
10
-10
1990
'95
'05
'11
Emissions from energy consumption
Industrial process, flaring etc.
Emissions from agriculture
Other emissions
Forestry and land use
75
'00
Observed emissions by type of
greenhouse gases in 2011
1,6%
(1,8%)
10,3%
(12,0%)
76,9%
(75,6%)
F-gases
76
CH4
N2O
CO2
11,2%
(10,6%)
Observed CO2 emissions from energy
consumption in 2012, ETS and
non-ETS sectors
1000 Tonnes
30000
25000
20000
15000
10000
5000
0
Energy sector
Total
77
Transformation sector
ETS
Non-ETS
Final energy
consumption
Energy expenses by industry and
households
DKK Billion, current prices
250
250
200
200
150
150
100
100
50
50
0
0
1990
'95
Households
Agriculture and industry
GDP index (right axis)
78
Source: Statistics Denmark
'00
'05
'11
Energy and water supply
Commercial and public services
Energy expenses in agriculture
and
industri
DKK Billion, current prices
25
20
15
10
5
0
1990
79
'95
'00
'05
Building and construction
Manufacturing
Fishing
Agriculture, forestry and horticulture
Source: Statistics Denmark
'11
Energy expenses by fuel
DKK Billion, current prices
200
150
100
50
0
1990
Gasoline
80
'95
Gas-/diesel oil
'00
Natural gas
'05
Coal
'11
Electricity
Revenues from energy, CO2 and
sulphur taxes
DKK Billion, current prices
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1990
Gasoline
81
'95
Gas-/diesel oil
'00
Natural gas
'05
Coal
Electricity
'10
CO2
'12
Sulphur
Net currency revenues from energy
products
Billion DKK, current prices
40
30
20
10
0
-10
1990
'95
Total
82
Oil
Source: Statistics Denmark
'00
Natural gas
'05
Coal
'10
Electricity
'12
Biomass
Expenses for public service obligations
(PSO) in the electricity area
DKK Billion, current prices
5
4
3
2
1
0
'01
83
'02
'03
'04
'05
'06
'07
'08
'09
'10
Other (R&D, environmental research etc.)
Compensation for CO2 taxes
Supply security
Payment of subsidies for environmentally-friendly electricity
Small-scale CHP units
Biomass etc.
Wind power
'11
'12
Value of crude oil and natural gas
production
Billion DKK, current prices
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
1990
'95
Crude oil
84
'00
Natural gas
'05
'10
'12
Exports of energy technology and
equipment
Billion DKK, current prices
70
20%
60
15%
50
40
10%
30
20
5%
10
0
0%
1996
'00
'05
'10
Exports of energy technology and equipment
Share of Denmark´s total exports of commodities (right axis)
85
'12
Spot market prices of crude oil
USD per Barrel, annual average
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
1970
'75
'80
'85
'90
Brent, USD per barrel
*Prices for 2013 cover only the first six months.
86
'95
'00
'05
'10
Brent, USD per barrel (2012 prices)
'13*
Spot market prices for electricity
DKK 0.01 per kWh
70
60
50
2010
2006
40
2003
30
1999
2009
2004
2001
10
2011
2005
2002
20
2008
2013
2012
2007
2000
0
'00
87
'01
'02
'03
'04
'05
'06
'07
'08
'09
Nord Pool system price, DKK/kWh (monthly average)
Nord Pool system price, kWh (yearly level)
'10
'11
'12
'13
Energy prices for households
DKK, current prices
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1990
88
'95
'00
Motor gasoline per litre
Heating oil per litre
Natural gas per Nm3
Electricity per kWh
'05
'10
'12
Energy prices for households
DKK, 2012 prices
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
1990
89
'95
'00
'05
Motor gasoline per litre
Heating oil per litre
Natural gas per Nm3
Electricity per kWh
'10
'12
Electricity prices, excl. taxes
for industrial customers
DKK per KWh
1,6
1,4
1,2
1,0
0,8
0,6
0,4
0,2
2011
90
2012
CY
MT
IT
SK
IE
LT
UK
LV
ES
CZ
HU
PT
EU27
EL
BE
DK
AT
PL
DE
SI
LU
NL
RO
SE
BG
EE
FI
FR
0,0
Natural gas prices, excl. taxes for
industrial customers
DKK per m3
4,5
4,0
3,5
3,0
2,5
2,0
1,5
1,0
0,5
2011
91
2012
SK
HU
NL
LU
UK
IT
DE
RO
SE
FI
FR
BG
LV
EU27
IE
LT
ES
DK
PT
PL
EE
BE
CZ
AT
SI
0,0
92
2012
2013
IT
NL
DK
GR
SE
UK
FI
IE
DE
PT
EU27
BE
FR
SK
SI
MT
HU
ES
AT
CZ
LT
LV
CY
LU
PL
EE
RO
BG
Motor gasoline prices
DKK per litre
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
93
Gasolin
Heating
oil
Electricity
Gasolin
Heating
oil
Electricity
Gasolin
Heating
oil
Electricity
Gasolin
Heating
Oil
Electricity
Gasolin
Heating
Oil
Electricity
100%
Composition of energy prices for
households
80%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1980
1990
2000
2010
2012
Net price (price exclusive tax)
Energy tax
VAT
Electricity prices for households
1997-2013 (as at 1 January)
DKK 0.01 per kWh
250
200
150
100
50
0
1997
'00
Subscription
Electricity tax
Electricity save contribution
SO2-tax
94
Source: Danish Energy Association
'05
'10
Energy
Electricity distribution tax
CO2-tax
Total vat
'13
Proven oil reserves at end 2012
billion barrels
North America
220
South and Central
America
328
95
Europe and Euroasia
141
Middle
East
808
Africa
130
Asia and
Pacific
41
Oil consumption by region
Million tonnes
4500
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1990
96
'95
North America
Europe and Eurasia
Africa
'00
'05
'10
South and Central America
Middle East
Asia and Pacific
'12
Energy consumption by region
Million tonnes oil equivalents
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
1990
97
'95
'00
'05
North America
South and Central America
Europe and Euroasia
Middle East
Africa
Asia and Pacific
'10
'12